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66-484: While it is one of the longer beaches in Montenegro—and a popular spot for sunbathing, swimming, camping, etc.— Jaz has gained prominence in the years since an area was remodeled, and can now host major musical acts and performances. A concert stage (with connected backstage facilities) was built, along with better road access, and seating for over 40,000 spectators. This project, plus other amenities, were constructed from

132-503: A cover of Adriano Celentano 's " 24.000 baci " and an unplugged cover of Azra song "Balkan" (Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi version titled "Balkan anplagd"), the former being the recording of Blažević's performance at the 1994 unplugged festival in Belgrade's Sava Centar . Blažević and other members of the band soon formed the record label Kljun records, intending to release albums by bands from other former Yugoslav republics. In 2000,

198-417: A show on July 9, 2007, as a stop on their A Bigger Bang Tour . For the concert, a large field in the beach hinterland was leveled, fenced, and made accessible, refurbishing the location and extending the road to the venue. The show was attended by approximately 40,000 people, with the city of Budva holding the distinction of being the smallest town ever to host a Rolling Stones gig. The next notable event on

264-827: A three-day summer music festival, was held at Jaz beach from 15 to 17 July 2014. The festival, which was part of the EXIT Adventure, hosted "BE HUMAN!" charity event at the Dukley Gardens, and featured acts from Jamiroquai , Underworld , Example Live, Bad Copy , Darkwood Dub , Kiril Džajkovski ft. TK Wonder , Eddy Temple-Morris , Eyesburn , Juan Atkins , Klingande , Lollobrigida , Mark Knight , Neno Belan & Fiumens, Patife, Rambo Amadeus , Roger Sanchez , Tara McDonald , Timo Maas , Urban & 4, Who See . Mediterranean Sea For other countries, click here . The Mediterranean Sea ( / ˌ m ɛ d ɪ t ə ˈ r eɪ n i ən / MED -ih-tə- RAY -nee-ən )

330-531: A three-year absence, the musical performances returned in summer 2012 with the three-day event called Summer Fest organized from 5–8 August. Instead of globally known acts, the festival featured local ones such as: Nagual, Night Shift , Van Gogh , Hladno Pivo , Nipplepeople, Off Duty, S.A.R.S. , Pero Defformero, Partibrejkers , Riblja Čorba , The Beatshakers, Gomila Nesklada, Who See , Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi , Kiki Lesendrić & Piloti , Orthodox Celts , and Junior Jack . Sea Dance Festival 2014,

396-607: Is a calque of the Latin name, from μέσος ( mésos , "in the middle") and γήινος ( gḗinos , "of the earth"), from γῆ ( gê , "land, earth"). The original meaning may have been 'the sea in the middle of the earth', rather than 'the sea enclosed by land'. Ancient Iranians called it the "Roman Sea", and in Classical Persian texts , it was called Daryāy-e Rōm (دریای روم), which may be from Middle Persian form, Zrēh ī Hrōm (𐭦𐭫𐭩𐭤 𐭩 𐭤𐭫𐭥𐭬). The Carthaginians called it

462-742: Is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia , on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Europe , on the south by North Africa , and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border . The Mediterranean has played a central role in the history of Western civilization . Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago,

528-570: Is known as al-Baḥr [al-Abyaḍ] al-Mutawassiṭ ( البحر [الأبيض] المتوسط ) 'the [White] Middle Sea'. In Islamic and older Arabic literature, it was Baḥr al-Rūm ( بحر الروم ) or al- Baḥr al-Rūmī ( بحر الرومي ) 'the Sea of the Romans' or 'the Roman Sea' or Baḥr al-šām ( بحر الشام ) or al-Baḥr al-šāmī ( البحر الشامي ) ("the Sea of Syria"). At first, that name referred only to the eastern Mediterranean, but

594-509: The Black Sea . In Persian, the name was translated as Baḥr-i Safīd , which was also used in later Ottoman Turkish . Similarly, in 19th century Greek, the name was Άσπρη Θάλασσα ( áspri thálassa ; "white sea"). According to Johann Knobloch, in classical antiquity , cultures in the Levant used colours to refer to the cardinal points: black referred to the north (explaining the name Black Sea ), yellow or blue to east, red to south (e.g.,

660-701: The Italian Lakes (Po). While the Mediterranean watershed is bordered by other river basins in Europe, it is essentially bordered by endorheic basins or deserts elsewhere. The following countries are in the Mediterranean drainage basin while not having a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea: The following countries have a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea: Several other territories also border

726-705: The Italian city-states like Amalfi and Genoa before the Crusades, according to the Cairo Geniza documents. A document dated 996 mentions Amalfian merchants living in Cairo . Another letter states that the Genoese had traded with Alexandria . The caliph al-Mustansir had allowed Amalfian merchants to reside in Jerusalem about 1060 in place of the Latin hospice . The Crusades led to

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792-743: The Punic Wars in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the Roman Republic defeated the Carthaginians to become the preeminent power in the Mediterranean. When Augustus founded the Roman Empire , the Romans referred to the Mediterranean as Mare Nostrum ("Our Sea"). For the next 400 years, the Roman Empire completely controlled the Mediterranean Sea and virtually all its coastal regions from Gibraltar to

858-616: The Red Sea ) and white to west. That would explain the Bulgarian Byalo More , the Turkish Akdeniz , and the Arab nomenclature described above, lit. "White Sea". Major ancient civilizations were located around the Mediterranean. The sea provided routes for trade, colonization, and war, as well as food (from fishing and the gathering of other seafood) for numerous communities throughout

924-550: The Roman Empire , Mare Nostrum ("Our Sea"). The term Mare Mediterrāneum appears later: Solinus apparently used this in the 3rd century, but the earliest extant witness to it is in the 6th century, in Isidore of Seville . It means 'in the middle of land, inland' in Latin , a compound of medius ("middle"), terra ("land, earth"), and -āneus ("having the nature of"). The modern Greek name Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα ( mesógeios ; "inland")

990-594: The alternative rock band Šiklja Nafta, and Drakula, leader of the punk rock band Direktori appeared on the concert as guests. During the same year, on May 25, Blažević organized a Youth Day celebration at the club Prostor which featured all the elements of rock culture from the socialist times . In October 1996, the band released their first studio album entitled Plagijati i obrade ( Plagiarism and Covers ) which featured covers of Jadranka Stojaković 's "Čekala sam", Elvis J Kurtović 's "Da bog da crk'o rokenrol (kad ga svako svira)", Mile Lojpur 's "Šumadijski tvist",

1056-517: The "Syrian Sea". In ancient Syrian texts, Phoenician epics and in the Hebrew Bible , it was primarily known as the "Great Sea", הים הגדול HaYam HaGadol , ( Numbers ; Book of Joshua ; Ezekiel ) or simply as "The Sea" ( 1 Kings ). However, it has also been called the "Hinder Sea" because of its location on the west coast of the region of Syria or the Holy Land (and therefore behind a person facing

1122-565: The 16th century and also maintained naval bases in southern France (1543–1544), Algeria and Tunisia. Barbarossa , the Ottoman captain is a symbol of this domination with the victory of the Battle of Preveza (1538). The Battle of Djerba (1560) marked the apex of Ottoman naval domination in the eastern Mediterranean. As the naval prowess of the European powers increased, they confronted Ottoman expansion in

1188-515: The 7th century, and with it the religion of Islam , which soon swept across from the east; at its greatest extent, the Arabs, under the Umayyads , controlled most of the Mediterranean region and left a lasting footprint on its eastern and southern shores. A variety of foodstuffs, spices and crops were introduced to the western Mediterranean's Spain and Sicily during Arab rule, via the commercial networks of

1254-802: The Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar —the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa —is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. The Mediterranean Sea encompasses a vast number of islands , some of them of volcanic origin. The two largest islands, in both area and population, are Sicily and Sardinia . The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and

1320-641: The Islamic world. These include sugarcane, rice, cotton, alfalfa, oranges, lemons, apricots, spinach, eggplants, carrots, saffron and bananas. The Arabs also continued extensive cultivation and production of olive oil (the Spanish words for 'oil' and 'olive'— aceite and aceituna , respectively—are derived from the Arabic al-zait , meaning 'olive juice'), and pomegranates (the heraldic symbol of Granada) from classical Greco-Roman times. The Arab invasions disrupted

1386-581: The Levant, being the only state in history to ever do so, being given the nickname "Roman Lake". The Western Roman Empire collapsed around 476 AD. The east was again dominant as Roman power lived on in the Byzantine Empire formed in the 4th century from the eastern half of the Roman Empire . Though the Eastern Roman Empire would continue to hold almost all of the Mediterranean, another power arose in

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1452-600: The Mediterranean Sea (from west to east): Prljavi Inspektor Bla%C5%BEa i Kljunovi Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi ( Serbian Cyrillic : Прљави Инспектор Блажа и Кљунови , trans. Dirty Inspector Blaža and Honchos ) is a Serbian rock band from Belgrade . The band was formed at the beginning of 1994 by Igor Blažević (also known as Prljavi Inspektor Blaža, Dirty Inspector Blaža , vocals ), "Gazda" Milutin Petrović ( guitar ), Aleksandar Karadžič (guitar), Dejan Resanović ( bass guitar ) and Vojin Šurašinović ( drums ). At

1518-811: The Mediterranean Sea is the Nile , which takes its sources in equatorial Africa. The basin of the Nile constitutes about two-thirds of the Mediterranean drainage basin and encompasses areas as high as the Ruwenzori Mountains . Among other important rivers in Africa, are the Moulouya and the Chelif , both on the north side of the Atlas Mountains . In Asia, are the Ceyhan and Seyhan , both on

1584-598: The Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea without ship lock, because the water level is essentially the same. The westernmost point of the Mediterranean is located at the transition from the Alborán Sea to the Strait of Gibraltar, the easternmost point is on the coast of the Gulf of Iskenderun in southeastern Turkey. The northernmost point of the Mediterranean is on the coast of the Gulf of Trieste near Monfalcone in northern Italy while

1650-514: The Mediterranean towards East Africa and Asia. This led to a preference for the Mediterranean countries and their ports like Trieste with direct connections to Central and Eastern Europe experienced a rapid economic rise. In the 20th century, the 1st and 2nd World Wars as well as the Suez Crisis and the Cold War led to a shift of trade routes to the European northern ports, which changed again towards

1716-506: The Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years during the Messinian salinity crisis before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago. The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about 2,500,000 km (970,000 sq mi), representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to

1782-621: The Year festival, in Novi Sad Spens Hall , and the second, their solo concert, in Belgrade club Fest. Milutin Petrović died on December 10, 2016, a day before his 49th birthday. In June 2018, prior to the 2018 FIFA World Cup , the band released the third version of "Alez Yugoslavia", entitled "Allez Allez 2018", dedicated to the Serbia national football team competing in the World Cup. In 2000,

1848-670: The ages. The earliest advanced civilizations in the Mediterranean were the Egyptians and the Minoans , who traded extensively with each other. Other notable civilizations that appeared somewhat later are the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples , the Phoenicians , and Mycenean Greece . Around 1200 BC the eastern Mediterranean was greatly affected by the Bronze Age Collapse , which resulted in

1914-501: The album Seks, droga i Bodiroga , having seen this written as a graffiti , after FR Yugoslavia won the gold medal at the 1998 FIBA World Championship . The album featured hits "Dule Savić 3", "Arigo Saki bluz" (which featured several lines from Riblja Čorba 's "Evo ti za taksi" lyrics), "Lepa si Pamela" (dedicated to Pamela Anderson ), "O kako gi sakam parite" (sung in Macedonian ) and the title track. This album featured only two covers,

1980-515: The area as generic Mediterranean Sea, in the Western Basin. It does not recognize the label Sea of Sardinia . Note 2: Thracian Sea and Myrtoan Sea are seas that are part of the Aegean Sea . Note 3: The Black Sea is not considered part of it. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Mediterranean Sea as follows: Stretching from the Strait of Gibraltar in

2046-502: The band and was replaced by Sale Šofer. In 1998, before the beginning of the 1998 FIFA World Cup , Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi recorded the song "Alez Yugoslavia", a cover of the Édith Piaf 's song " Milord ", which was, alongside other football chants , released on the compilation album Navijačke pesme '98 . In 1998 the band released their second studio album Seks, droga i Bodiroga ( Sex, Drugs, Bodiroga , referring to basketball player Dejan Bodiroga ). Blažević decided to name

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2112-486: The band recorded the single "Alez 2010", a rerecorded version of the song "Alez Yugoslavia" featuring altered lyrics and song title, dedicated to the Serbia national football team , which at the time had played at the 2010 FIFA World Cup . In 2011, the recording of the band's performance at the 2010 Belgrade Beer Fest was released on the DVD LIVE@Belgrade Beer Fest 2010 . The DVD contains 17 songs, and all

2178-592: The band released the live album Samo Supermen Srbiju spašava ( Only Superman Saves the Serbs , a parody of Serbian motto Samo sloga Srbina spasava ). The album was recorded on December 8, 2006, in Coupe club in Pančevo , and featured three studio songs as bonus tracks: "Nisam dijamant", "Obećo si mito (Blažo bekrijo)" (a cover of Azra 's version of song "Mito bekrijo" by folk music singer Hanka Paldum ), and "Vranjanka". In 2010,

2244-898: The band released the live album Shipu ga Žobla! ( anagram for Puši ga Blažo! , trans. Suck It, Blaža! ) which was recorded at the band performance in Studentski kulturni centar . In 2002, the band released Pare ne vraćamo ( We Won't Give Money Back ) which featured songs in the similar comedy rock style as on the previous band releases, with songs referring to James Bond , Anna Kournikova and Pamela Anderson. The album featured guest appearances by YU grupa member Dragi Jelić , on vocals in "To je samo rock 'n' roll", and Eyesburn members Aleksandar Petrović "Alek", flute on "Zvuci rodnog kraja" and tambourine on "Sunce tuđeg neba (ne greje k'o naše)", and Hornsman Coyote , trombone on "Anna Kournikova". The song "Častan policajac" featured lyrics written by Riblja Čorba frontman Bora Đorđević . In 2007

2310-494: The beach in July 2007, Jaz Beach started to figure as open-air concert location for global acts. However, by summer 2009 the concerts ended. The annual summer events were seen as an attempt to boost Montenegro's international image, as well as to promote the country as a tourist destination. In largest part they've been financed by Svetozar Marović , influential Montenegrin politician, and a native of Budva . The Rolling Stones played

2376-530: The beach was the three-day Live Fest , held in August 2008, that featured Lenny Kravitz and Armand Van Helden (on August 5), Dino Merlin and DJ Set Retro Groove '70 (on August 6) and ending with Goran Bregović and Zdravko Čolić (on August 7). Just over a month later, Madonna decided to perform her first-ever live concert in Montenegro, with her Sticky & Sweet Tour , on September 25, 2008. The concert

2442-543: The beginning of the 1980s, Blažević was the leader of the new wave band Fiskulturno Lane. He started using his pseudonym at the end of 1991 when he became a radio host at Radio Pingvin. In the beginning, the band performed mostly at the Belgrade club Prostor and Klub Studenata Tehnike. Most of the songs they performed were hits by former Yugoslav rock bands, but their main hit was Blažević's song "Dule Savić" (referring to former football player Dušan Savić ). Blažević often performed striptease on stage and communicated with

2508-471: The business and is now free for new concerts, Marić has said that "she gave up touring and will never tour again" which is, of course, not actually the truth. He has also said that "Britney Spears is finishing her European leg in July 26" so they couldn't "get her to come". Although it has been officially confirmed that 2009 guests will be Vlado Georgiev , Plavi Orkestar , Riblja Čorba and two famous DJs, second Live Music Festival has never been held. After

2574-632: The deepest recorded point is 5,109 ± 1 m (16,762 ± 3 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea . It lies between latitudes 30° and 46° N and longitudes 6° W and 36° E . Its west–east length, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Alexandretta , on the southeastern coast of Turkey , is about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi). The north–south length varies greatly between different shorelines and whether only straight routes are considered. Also including longitudinal changes,

2640-559: The destruction of many cities and trade routes. The most notable Mediterranean civilizations in classical antiquity were the Greek city states and the Phoenicians , both of which extensively colonized the coastlines of the Mediterranean. Darius I of Persia , who conquered Ancient Egypt, built a canal linking the Red Sea to the Nile, and thus the Mediterranean. Darius's canal was wide enough for two triremes to pass each other with oars extended and required four days to traverse. Following

2706-578: The east), which is sometimes translated as "Western Sea". Another name was the "Sea of the Philistines ", ( Book of Exodus ), from the people inhabiting a large portion of its shores near the Israelites . In Modern Hebrew , it is called הים התיכון HaYam HaTikhon 'the Middle Sea'. In Classic Persian texts was called Daryāy-e Šām (دریای شام) "The Western Sea" or "Syrian Sea". In Modern Standard Arabic , it

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2772-545: The entire Mediterranean. Once, most of the trade between Western Europe and the East was passing through the region , but after the 1490s the development of a sea route to the Indian Ocean allowed the importation of Asian spices and other goods through the Atlantic ports of western Europe. The sea remained strategically important. British mastery of Gibraltar ensured their influence in Africa and Southwest Asia. Especially after

2838-399: The flourishing of trade between Europe and the outremer region. Genoa, Venice and Pisa created colonies in regions controlled by the Crusaders and came to control the trade with the Orient. These colonies also allowed them to trade with the Eastern world. Though the fall of the Crusader states and attempts at banning of trade relations with Muslim states by the Popes temporarily disrupted

2904-402: The former featuring Lojpur on vocals. The album also featured new versions of Fiskulturno Lane songs "Vive Le France" and "Nema problema", the latter featuring Miško Petrović "Plavi" on keyboards. Plagijati i obrade also featured singer Marija Mihajlović and the members of Irish folk / Celtic rock band Orthodox Celts as guest musicians. After the album was released, Milutin Petrović left

2970-401: The funds raised from the album sale were dedicated to the Assembly of the City of Belgrade action Beogradski bebi klub ( Belgrade Baby Club ). In October 2011, the band released the song "Živele žene" ("Viva Women"), a cover of Elvis Presley song " Viva Las Vegas ". On December 13, 2014, the band celebrated 20 years of activity with two performances in two different cities: one on Concert of

3036-446: The ground-up or refurbished from the existing infrastructure. The vast hinterlands of Jaz Beach are considered among the greatest potentials for tourism development on the Montenegrin coast—and indeed the Mediterranean and Adriatic regions as a whole—as there are few undeveloped areas left on the coast besides Jaz (notably Buljarica , Velika Plaža and Ada Bojana ). With the spring 2007 announcement of The Rolling Stones playing

3102-436: The immediate coastline on all sides of the Mediterranean tends to have strong maritime moderation. The sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between the peoples of the region. The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. The Roman Empire maintained nautical hegemony over

3168-588: The major ranges bordering Southern Europe. Total annual precipitation is significantly higher on the European part of the Mediterranean basin, especially near the Alps (the 'water tower of Europe') and other high mountain ranges. As a consequence, the river discharges of the Rhône and Po are similar to that of the Nile, despite the latter having a much larger basin. These are the only three rivers with an average discharge of over 1,000 m /s (35,000 cu ft/s). Among large natural fresh bodies of water are Lake Victoria (Nile basin), Lake Geneva (Rhône), and

3234-590: The members of the audience, and the band soon became one of Belgrade's most popular club bands, so they self-released the recording of their concert in Klub Studenata Tehnike held on April 14, 1994, on the audio cassette Igra rokenrol SR Jugoslavija ( FR Yugoslavia Is Dancing to Rock and Roll , referring to Električni Orgazam hit "Igra rock 'n' roll cela Jugoslavija"). The album featured covers of songs by Azra , Zabranjeno Pušenje , Riblja Čorba , Prljavo Kazalište , Bijelo Dugme , Plavi Orkestar , but also by Blažević's former band Fiskulturno Lane. Panta, leader of

3300-414: The migrants and arrest the traffickers of immigrants. In 2015, more than one million migrants crossed the Mediterranean Sea into Europe. Italy was particularly affected by the European migrant crisis . Since 2013, over 700,000 migrants have landed in Italy, mainly sub-Saharan Africans. The Mediterranean Sea connects: The 163 km (101 mi) long artificial Suez Canal in the southeast connects

3366-435: The naval battles of Abukir (1799, Battle of the Nile ) and Trafalgar (1805), the British had for a long time strengthened their dominance in the Mediterranean. Wars included Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I and Mediterranean theatre of World War II . With the opening of the lockless Suez Canal in 1869, the flow of trade between Europe and Asia changed fundamentally. The fastest route now led through

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3432-428: The number of drowned refugees in the region as a direct result of the policies. An Azerbaijani official described the sea as "a burial ground ... where people die". Following the 2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck , the Italian government decided to strengthen the national system for the patrolling of the Mediterranean Sea by authorising " Operation Mare Nostrum ", a military and humanitarian mission in order to rescue

3498-474: The region when the Battle of Lepanto (1571) checked the power of the Ottoman Navy . This was the last naval battle to be fought primarily between galleys . The Barbary pirates of Northwest Africa preyed on Christian shipping and coastlines in the Western Mediterranean Sea. According to Robert Davis, from the 16th to 19th centuries, pirates captured 1 million to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves. The development of oceanic shipping began to affect

3564-468: The sea for centuries and is the only state to have ever controlled all of its coast. The countries surrounding the Mediterranean and its marginal seas in clockwise order are Spain , France , Monaco , Italy , Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Albania , Greece , Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Palestine ( Gaza Strip ), Egypt , Libya , Tunisia , Algeria , and Morocco ; Cyprus and Malta are island countries in

3630-458: The sea. In addition, Northern Cyprus ( de facto state ) and two overseas territories of the United Kingdom ( Akrotiri and Dhekelia , and Gibraltar ) also have coastlines along the Mediterranean Sea. The drainage basin encompasses a large number of other countries, the Nile being the longest river ending in the Mediterranean Sea. The Ancient Egyptians called the Mediterranean Wadj-wr/Wadj-Wer/Wadj-Ur. This term (literally "great green")

3696-423: The shortest shipping route between the multinational Gulf of Trieste and the Libyan coastline of the Gulf of Sidra is about 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi). The water temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer and give name to the Mediterranean climate type due to the majority of precipitation falling in the cooler months. Its southern and eastern coastlines are lined with hot deserts not far inland, but

3762-400: The south side of the Taurus Mountains . In Europe, the largest basins are those of the Rhône , Ebro , Po , and Maritsa . The basin of the Rhône is the largest and extends up as far north as the Jura Mountains , encompassing areas even on the north side of the Alps . The basins of the Ebro, Po, and Maritsa, are respectively south of the Pyrenees , Alps, and Balkan Mountains , which are

3828-421: The southern ports through European integration, the activation of the Silk Road and free world trade. In 2013, the Maltese president described the Mediterranean Sea as a "cemetery" due to the large number of migrants who drowned there after their boats capsized. European Parliament president Martin Schulz said in 2014 that Europe's migration policy "turned the Mediterranean into a graveyard", referring to

3894-599: The southernmost point is on the coast of the Gulf of Sidra near the Libyan town of El Agheila . Large islands in the Mediterranean include: The Alpine arc , which also has a great meteorological impact on the Mediterranean area, touches the Mediterranean in the west in the area around Nice . The typical Mediterranean climate has hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Crops of the region include olives , grapes , oranges , tangerines , carobs and cork . The Mediterranean Sea includes 15 marginal seas : Note 1: The International Hydrographic Organization defines

3960-440: The term was later extended to the whole Mediterranean, it was also called Baḥr al-Maghrib ( بحر المغرب ) ("the Sea of the West"). A name that was used mainly for the western basin. In Turkish , it is the Akdeniz 'the White Sea'; in Ottoman, ﺁق دڭيز , which sometimes means only the Aegean Sea . The origin of the name is not clear, as it is not known in earlier Greek, Byzantine or Islamic sources. It may be to contrast with

4026-508: The trade in western Europe and brought it to a halt. However, the Norsemen developed the trade from Norway to the White Sea , while also trading in luxury goods from Spain and the Mediterranean. The Byzantines in the mid-8th century retook control of the area around the north-eastern part of the Mediterranean. Venetian ships from the 9th century armed themselves to counter the harassment by Arabs while concentrating trade of Asian goods in Venice. The Fatimids maintained trade relations with

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4092-487: The trade relations between Western and Eastern Europe while disrupting trade routes with Eastern Asian Empires. This, however, had the indirect effect of promoting trade across the Caspian Sea . The export of grains from Egypt was re-routed towards the Eastern world . Products from East Asian empires, like silk and spices, were carried from Egypt under the Arab rule to ports like Venice and Constantinople by sailors and Jewish merchants. The Viking raids further disrupted

4158-412: The trade with the Orient, it however continued. Europe started to revive, however, as more organized and centralized states began to form in the later Middle Ages after the Renaissance of the 12th century . Ottoman power based in Anatolia continued to grow, and in 1453 extinguished the Byzantine Empire with the Conquest of Constantinople . Ottomans gained control of much of the eastern part sea in

4224-540: The west to the entrances to the Dardanelles and the Suez Canal in the east, the Mediterranean Sea is bounded by the coasts of Europe, Africa, and Asia and is divided into two deep basins: The drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea is particularly heterogeneous and extends much further than the Mediterranean region. Its size has been estimated between 4,000,000 and 5,500,000 km (1,500,000 and 2,100,000 sq mi), depending on whether non-active parts (deserts) are included or not. The longest river ending in

4290-735: Was massively successful, with 47,524 people in attendance. The lively pre- and after-shows/parties featured musicians such as the band Van Gogh , Garik Sukachev, David Morales , Junior Jack and DJ Ura. From early 2009, the organizers began touting the Live Music Festival to be held during summer 2009 with acts such as Tina Turner , Britney Spears , and Zucchero being announced. Raka Marić has confirmed that none of those singers will attend it this year. For popular daily newspaper Vijesti , he has said: "Due to 2009 global financial crisis, there will be no attendance of some global superstar on this year's Live Music Festival." Although Tina Turner has finished her worldwide tour that marked her 50th year in

4356-609: Was the name given by the Ancient Egyptians to the semi-solid, semi-aquatic region characterized by papyrus forests to the north of the cultivated Nile delta, and, by extension, the sea beyond. The Ancient Greeks called the Mediterranean simply ἡ θάλασσα ( hē thálassa ; "the Sea") or sometimes ἡ μεγάλη θάλασσα ( hē megálē thálassa ; "the Great Sea"), ἡ ἡμετέρα θάλασσα ( hē hēmetérā thálassa ; "Our Sea"), or ἡ θάλασσα ἡ καθ’ ἡμᾶς ( hē thálassa hē kath’hēmâs ; "the sea around us"). The Romans called it Mare Magnum ("Great Sea") or Mare Internum ("Internal Sea") and, starting with

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