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127-434: [REDACTED] The Jay Street–MetroTech station is a New York City Subway station complex on the IND Fulton Street , IND Culver , and BMT Fourth Avenue lines. The complex is located in the vicinity of MetroTech Center (near Jay and Willoughby Streets) in Downtown Brooklyn . It is served by the A , F , and R trains at all times; the C train at all times except late nights; the N train during late nights only; and

254-527: A cross-platform interchange between local and express services. Some four-track lines with express service have two tracks each on two levels and use both island and side platforms. Since the majority of the system was built before 1990, the year the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) went into effect, many New York City Subway stations were not designed to be accessible to all. Since then, elevators have been built in newly constructed stations to comply with

381-511: A $ 2 train ticket and then crossing the Brooklyn Bridge . On his first day he saw construction on an elevated railroad. Although he had never seen such a thing before, he climbed onto the structure and asked the foreman for a job, saying that he had worked on the Catskill railroad. He was told to report the next day, where his job was to lay rails. Seeking a promotion, he applied at the office of

508-444: A 60-acre farm in the then-undeveloped mountains and struggled to make the semi-annual interest on its $ 1,500 mortgage. As the oldest boy, Hylan was required to work long hours on the farm, which was not equipped with much more than hand tools. Farm work came first, the school district was impoverished, and only one family could afford the required grammar or history book, which Hylan occasionally borrowed. School lasted four to five hours

635-494: A Vignelli-style interactive subway map, "The Weekender", an online map that provides information about any planned work, from late Friday night to early Monday morning. In October 2020, the MTA launched a digital version of the map showing real-time service patterns and service changes, designed by Work & Co . Several privately produced schematics are available online or in printed form, such as those by Hagstrom Map . Out of

762-563: A complex plan the day before the convention to either dislodge McClellan from the ticket and Murphy from Tammany in the process or provide an anti-Tammany Democratic ticket that would run against Tammany's ticket. The convention took place on October 1, 1903 at Carnegie Hall. At the beginning it looked as if the Kings County delegation could engineer a stampede against the Tammany ticket. Brooklyn Assistant District Attorney Martin W. Littleton led

889-499: A day for five months a year. In his teenage years, Hylan made extra money to help pay the mortgage interest by working each spring for the Catskill railroad , digging earth and tamping it beneath the tracks to stabilize them after the effects of winter weather. By the winter of 1887, when he was 19, Hylan felt he could make more money for his parents by working downstate. With $ 3.50 and a few sets of clothes, he set off to New York, buying

1016-409: A double border of Heather Blue and black was added. The new blue tile in the centre of the trim-line is also somewhat darker than the original, the new color being shown as "Midnight Blue". Each platform has six staircases and one elevator leading up to the full-length mezzanine . Before renovation, the entire mezzanine was inside fare control, but the mezzanine was split into two separate parts during

1143-667: A few rush-hour W and <F> trains in the peak direction. The complex consists of two distinct, perpendicular stations. The Jay Street–Borough Hall station was built by the Independent Subway System (IND) in 1933, while the Lawrence Street–MetroTech station was built by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) in 1924. Despite being one block away from each other, the two stations were not connected for 77 years. As part of

1270-619: A few stretches of track run at ground level; 40% of track is above ground. Many lines and stations have both express and local services. These lines have three or four tracks. Normally, the outer two are used by local trains, while the inner one or two are used by express trains. As of 2018 , the New York City Subway's budgetary burden for expenditures was $ 8.7 billion, supported by collection of fares, bridge tolls, and earmarked regional taxes and fees, as well as direct funding from state and local governments. Alfred Ely Beach built

1397-642: A giant octopus sprawls its slimy legs over our cities, states and nation. To depart from mere generalizations, let me say that at the head of this octopus are the Rockefeller – Standard Oil interests and a small group of powerful banking houses generally referred to as the international bankers. The little coterie of powerful international bankers virtually run the United States government for their own selfish purposes. They practically control both parties, write political platforms, make catspaws of party leaders, use

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1524-606: A good civil litigation practice. He soon formed a partnership with Harry C. Underhill, an attorney who had written a treatise on evidence and would go on to write on other practice topics. Underhill did the office work, while Hylan was the trial lawyer. The firm occasionally received positive local publicity, such as the time when they obtained a ruling that the Brooklyn Heights Railroad Company had to offer free transfers at all junctions. Hylan litigated small civil cases and family law matters. He had little work in

1651-764: A letter or a number and "lines" have names. Trains display their route designation. There are 28 train services in the subway system, including three short shuttles . Each route has a color and a local or express designation representing the Manhattan trunk line of the service. New York City residents seldom refer to services by color (e.g., "blue line" or "green line") but out-of-towners and tourists often do. The 1 , C , G , L , M , R , and W trains are fully local and make all stops. The 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , A , B , D , E , F , N , and Q trains have portions of express and local service. J , Z , 6 , and 7 trains vary by direction, day, or time of day. The letter S

1778-542: A majority of the delegates. With a view to sowing confusion among the Fusionists, Murphy without consultation outside of Tammany proposed adding two Fusion candidates to the ticket—Edward M. Grout for Controller and Charles V. Fornes for President of the Board of Aldermen. The proposed nomination of two Fusion candidates by Tammany so disturbed the non-Tammany Democrats that, after much behind-the-scenes scheming, McLaughlin announced

1905-596: A maternal grandfather, Jacob Gadron, who fought in the American Revolution among Lafayette 's forces. He fondly remembered her throughout his life and wrote that the words she spoke on leaving the family ("Be honest, be truthful, be upright, and do by others as you would have them do unto you") were "indelibly imprinted on" his memory. Although his mother was Methodist, Hylan was raised a Catholic. His only surviving family, his sister Mary, died after being struck by an automobile on July 10, 1911. Hylan's family owned

2032-466: A memorial to New York City Transit workers who died in World War II . The entrance/exit at the south end has only full height turnstiles and two staircases leading to either side of Jay and Fulton Streets. The full-time BMT-only entrance is at Lawrence and Willoughby Streets near the west end. It has two platform stairs facing the opposite direction, a small turnstile bank, token booth, and four stairs to

2159-447: A money-counting room under 370 Jay Street. The platforms were built in 1951, the same year the building opened, though "money trains" had been in use on the system since 1905. The platforms were placed next to 370 Jay Street because it was a convenient location near where all three subway companies had tunnels. Tokens became New York City Transit fare media in 1951. Tokens were last used in the entire New York City Transit system, including

2286-460: A narrow up-only escalator that bypassed the Lawrence and Willoughby Streets fare control, and led to a small landing with two high exit-only gates. A short staircase then connected to the landing of the southeast street stairs to that intersection. Formerly, " money trains " collected the tokens that were used to pay fares at each of the subway stations and deposited them into a special door that led to

2413-529: A public authority presided by New York City, was created in 1953 to take over subway, bus, and streetcar operations from the city, and placed under control of the state-level Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1968. Organized in 1934 by transit workers of the BRT, IRT, and IND, the Transport Workers Union of America Local 100 remains the largest and most influential local of the labor unions. Since

2540-429: A single fare to enter the subway system and may transfer between trains at no extra cost until they exit via station turnstiles; the fare is a flat rate regardless of how far or how long the rider travels. Thus, riders must swipe their MetroCard or tap a contactless payment card or smartphone on an OMNY reader upon entering the subway system, but not a second time upon leaving. John Francis Hylan In 1917 with

2667-430: A single street stair leading to the northeast corner of Willoughby and Jay Streets, while a set of staircases and escalators and one ADA-accessible elevator lead to the northwest corner underneath 370 Jay Street , the former headquarters of the Independent Subway System . The other two entrances/exits are unstaffed. The one at the north end has a weekday-only turnstile bank and token booth, full height turnstiles , and

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2794-595: A station renovation completed in 2010, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) built a passageway to connect the two stations and made the complex fully compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . Both stations also contain "money train" platforms, which were formerly used to deliver MTA token revenue to neighboring 370 Jay Street . The Dual Contracts were formalized in March 1913, specifying new lines or expansions to be built by

2921-482: A station, passengers may use station booths (formerly known as token booths) or vending machines to buy their fare, which is currently stored in a MetroCard or OMNY card. Each station has at least one booth, typically located at the busiest entrance. After swiping the card at a turnstile, customers enter the fare-controlled area of the station and continue to the platforms. Inside fare control are "Off-Hours Waiting Areas", which consist of benches and are identified by

3048-588: A steel and concrete roof, and the construction of a passageway, mezzanine and entrances. On June 11, 1924, the Lawrence Street station opened with the Lawrence Street entrances; the Bridge Street entrances opened later. On March 29, 1993, Lawrence Street was renamed Lawrence Street–MetroTech to celebrate the revival of Downtown Brooklyn with the opening of the MetroTech complex. In response to increased ridership at

3175-528: A total of 850 miles (1,370 km) including non-revenue trackage . Of the system's 28 routes or "services" (which usually share track or "lines" with other services), 25 pass through Manhattan, the exceptions being the G train, the Franklin Avenue Shuttle , and the Rockaway Park Shuttle . Large portions of the subway outside Manhattan are elevated, on embankments , or in open cuts , and

3302-498: A town in upstate Greene County . He was the third child, and had two older sisters and two younger brothers. Hylan's father had emigrated from County of Cavan , Ulster , Ireland at the age of seven. He served as a corporal in the 120th New York Infantry , called the "Ulster Regiment," during the Civil War . Hylan's mother, who came from the Jones family upstate, had a Welsh father and

3429-454: A wartime shortage of materials and men due to World War I . Only one-ninth of the labor estimated to be required to allow the construction of the station to be completed along with the rest of the line was available. With this reduced labor force, work on this station could not be completed before July 1919, and work on the Court Street station could not be finished before April 1919, following

3556-475: A wide staircase to MetroTech Center and another stair and four escalators to the former New York City Transit Headquarters, a mostly vacant 13-story building at 370 Jay Street. These escalators were installed as part of a 1952 improvement, as were the squarish "Subway" entrance lamps that are found only in a few other places in the system. These were designed in Art Deco / Art Moderne style. The building itself has

3683-489: A yellow sign. A typical subway station has waiting platforms ranging from 480 to 600 feet (150 to 180 m) long. Some are longer. Platforms of former commuter rail stations—such as those on the IND Rockaway Line , are even longer. With the many different lines in the system, one platform often serves more than one service. Passengers need to look at the overhead signs to see which trains stop there and when, and at

3810-601: Is a rapid transit system in New York City serving the boroughs of Manhattan , Brooklyn , Queens , and the Bronx . It is owned by the government of New York City and leased to the New York City Transit Authority , an affiliate agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened on October 27, 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of

3937-480: Is approximately 8 feet 9 inches (2.67 m) wide and 51 feet 4 inches (15.65 m) long, whereas B Division equipment is about 10 feet (3.05 m) wide and either 60 feet 6 inches (18.44 m) or 75 feet (22.86 m) long. The different lengths for the B Division fleet are necessary because 75-foot cars can not be used over the BMT Eastern Division . Cars purchased by

Jay Street–MetroTech station - Misplaced Pages Continue

4064-452: Is called Departures and Arrivals by Ben Snead. It consists of a 173-foot (53 m) long glass mosaic depicting animals including starlings, sparrows, lion fish, parrots, tiger beetles, and koi fish. It was installed as part of the MTA Arts for Transit program during the station complex's renovation. The full-time IND/BMT entrance is at the center and has a turnstile bank, token booth, and

4191-406: Is no nightly system shutdown for maintenance, tracks and stations must be maintained while the system is operating. This work sometimes necessitates service changes during midday, overnight hours, and weekends. When parts of lines are temporarily shut down for construction purposes, the transit authority can substitute free shuttle buses (using MTA Regional Bus Operations bus fleet ) to replace

4318-427: Is smaller than the peak of the system. In addition to the demolition of former elevated lines, which collectively have resulted in the demolition of over a hundred stations, other closed stations and unused portions of existing stations remain in parts of the system. Many stations in the subway system have mezzanines . Mezzanines allow for passengers to enter from multiple locations at an intersection and proceed to

4445-547: Is used for three shuttle services: Franklin Avenue Shuttle , Rockaway Park Shuttle , and 42nd Street Shuttle . Though the subway system operates on a 24-hour basis , during late night hours some of the designated routes do not run, run as a shorter route (often referred to as the "shuttle train" version of its full-length counterpart) or run with a different stopping pattern. These are usually indicated by smaller, secondary route signage on station platforms. Because there

4572-567: The 142nd Street and Myrtle Avenue junctions, whose tracks intersect at the same level, as well as the same-direction pairs of tracks on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line at Rogers Junction . The 7,700 workers who built the original subway lines were mostly immigrants living in Manhattan. More recent projects use tunnel boring machines , which increase the cost. However, they minimize disruption at street level and avoid already existing utilities. Examples of such projects include

4699-600: The 472 stations , 470 are served 24 hours a day. Underground stations in the New York City Subway are typically accessed by staircases going down from street level. Many of these staircases are painted in a common shade of green, with slight or significant variations in design. Other stations have unique entrances reflective of their location or date of construction. Several station entrance stairs, for example, are built into adjacent buildings. Nearly all station entrances feature color-coded globe or square lamps signifying their status as an entrance. The current number of stations

4826-532: The 63rd Street Lines , opened in 1989. The new South Ferry station was built and connected to the existing Whitehall Street–South Ferry station in 2009. The one-stop 7 Subway Extension to the west side of Manhattan, consisting of the 34th Street–Hudson Yards station, was opened in 2015, and three stations on the Second Avenue Subway in the Upper East Side were opened as part of Phase 1 of

4953-684: The Chicago "L" plans all stations to be accessible in the 2030s, the Toronto subway will be fully accessible by 2025, and Montreal Metro plans all stations to be accessible by 2038. Both the Boston and Chicago systems are as old or older than the New York City Subway, though all of these systems have fewer stations than the New York City Subway. Newer systems like the Washington Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit have been fully accessible from their opening in

5080-531: The IND Sixth Avenue Line was completed in 1940, the city went into great debt , and only 33 new stations have been added to the system since, nineteen of which were part of defunct railways that already existed. Five stations were on the abandoned New York, Westchester and Boston Railway , which was incorporated into the system in 1941 as the IRT Dyre Avenue Line . Fourteen more stations were on

5207-697: The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line , which ran directly underneath the World Trade Center . Sections of the tunnel, as well as the Cortlandt Street station, which was directly underneath the Twin Towers, were severely damaged. Rebuilding required the suspension of service on that line south of Chambers Street. Ten other nearby stations were closed for cleanup. By March 2002, seven of those stations had reopened. Except for Cortlandt Street,

Jay Street–MetroTech station - Misplaced Pages Continue

5334-717: The IRT subway debuted in 1904, the typical tunnel construction method was cut-and-cover . The street was torn up to dig the tunnel below before being rebuilt from above. Traffic on the street above would be interrupted due to the digging up of the street. Temporary steel and wooden bridges carried surface traffic above the construction. Contractors in this type of construction faced many obstacles, both natural and human made. They had to deal with rock formations and groundwater, which required pumps. Twelve miles of sewers, as well as water and gas mains, electric conduits, and steam pipes had to be rerouted. Street railways had to be torn up to allow

5461-970: The Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; later the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation , or BMT). The Dual Contracts included the construction of the Montague Street Tunnel , which connected the Broadway Line in Manhattan with the Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn at DeKalb Avenue station . Originally, the only station on the Montague Street Tunnel in Brooklyn

5588-603: The R142 , R142A , R143 , R160 , R179 and R188 were placed into service. These cars are collectively known as New Technology Trains (NTTs) due to modern innovations such as LED and LCD route signs and information screens, as well as recorded train announcements and the ability to facilitate Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) . As part of the 2017–2020 MTA Financial Plan, 600 subway cars will have electronic display signs installed to improve customer experience. Riders pay

5715-703: The Smith Street (later Culver) Line . The lines were to intersect under Jay Street in Downtown Brooklyn. The Jay Street–Borough Hall station was part of a three-stop extension of the IND Eighth Avenue Line from Chambers Street in Lower Manhattan . Construction of the extension began in June 1928. The extension opened to Jay Street on February 1, 1933. The outer tracks first saw service on March 20, 1933, when

5842-504: The Western world , as well as the eleventh-busiest rapid transit rail system in the world. The subway carried 2,027,286,000 unlinked, non-unique riders in 2023. Daily ridership has been calculated since 1985; the record, over 6.2 million, was set on October 29, 2015. The system is also one of the world's longest. Overall, the system contains 248 miles (399 km) of routes, translating into 665 miles (1,070 km) of revenue track and

5969-626: The extension of the IRT Flushing Line and the IND Second Avenue Line . Since the opening of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, multiple official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. One of the more expansive proposals was the " IND Second System", part of a plan to construct new subway lines in addition to taking over existing subway lines and railroad rights-of-way. The most grandiose IND Second Subway plan, conceived in 1929,

6096-410: The 1970s. In November 2016, the New York City Subway had 6712 cars on the roster. A typical New York City Subway train consists of 8 to 11 cars, although shuttles can have as few as two, and the train can range from 150 to 600 feet (46 to 183 m) in length. The system maintains two separate fleets of cars, one for the A Division routes and another for the B Division routes. A Division equipment

6223-450: The 1980s, make the current fleet of subway cars graffiti-free, as well as order 1,775 new subway cars. By the early 1990s, conditions had improved significantly, although maintenance backlogs accumulated during those 20 years are still being fixed today. Entering the 21st century, progress continued despite several disasters. The September 11 attacks resulted in service disruptions on lines running through Lower Manhattan, particularly

6350-415: The 2020–2024 Capital Program. This would allow one of every two to four stations on every line to be accessible, so that all non-accessible stops would be a maximum of two stops from an accessible station. In 2022, the MTA agreed in a settlement to make 95 percent of subway and Staten Island Railway stations accessible by 2055. By comparison, all but one of Boston's MBTA subway stations are accessible,

6477-521: The ADA. (Most grade-level stations required little modification to meet ADA standards.) Many accessible stations have AutoGate access. In addition, the MTA identified "key stations", high-traffic and/or geographically important stations, which must conform to the ADA when they are extensively renovated. Under plans from the MTA in 2016, the number of ADA accessible stations would go up to 144 by 2020. As of May 2024 , there were 145 ADA-accessible stations. Over

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6604-613: The BMT platform also leads to the southeast corner's entrance/exit. The AVA DoBro building contains stairs and an elevator, which connect to the eastern, full-height turnstile entrance. Unlike the elevator entrance at Jay and Willoughby Streets, this elevator entrance is not ADA-accessible. The station has a total of 16 staircase/escalator entrances and 2 elevator entrances. Full-time entrances are indicated in green, and part-time entrances are indicated in red. The Jay Street–MetroTech station (formerly Jay Street–Borough Hall station before

6731-555: The Brooklyn organization, and in the turmoil Hylan made his first move for party advancement. Hylan defeated the reformer John Purroy Mitchel in the four-sided 1917 mayoral election, restoring the power of Tammany at City Hall. Hylan was the first Democratic candidate to obtain a significant portion of the African American voter base. He easily won re-election in 1921 but was defeated for re-nomination in 1925 by State Senator James J. "Jimmy" Walker . Walker later appointed Hylan to

6858-569: The Brooklyn party unless McClellan lost, but McCarren and the rest at the Convention eventually endorsed McClellan. As one Democrat put it: "Tammany's coming to Brooklyn sure and the Old Man [McLaughlin] will take his medicine." For McLaughlin whether he would remain in charge of the Brooklyn Democrats now depended on his former subordinate McCarren. McCarren, however, used the occasion to take over

6985-588: The City Committee meeting on September 18, party leaders from Queens, the Bronx and Richmond joined Brooklyn in expressing their concern. Independent Manhattan Democrats also objected to Murphy's action, including the Greater New York Democracy, which decided for the Fusion ticket, and former Tammany police chief Bill Devery , who decided to run for Mayor himself. Even several Tammany chiefs questioned

7112-586: The City of New York since the inception of the IND and the other divisions beginning in 1948 are identified by the letter "R" followed by a number; e.g.: R32 . This number is the contract number under which the cars were purchased. Cars with nearby contract numbers (e.g.: R1 through R9 , or R26 through R29 , or R143 through R179 ) may be relatively identical, despite being purchased under different contracts and possibly built by different manufacturers. From 1999 to 2019,

7239-674: The Culver Line. As such, for A and ​ C trains, the station is between High Street to the north and Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets to the south. For F and <F> ​ trains, the station is between York Street to the north and Bergen Street to the south. Diamond crossovers north of the station permit Eighth Avenue–Culver or Sixth Avenue–Fulton Street service; these switches are only used during service disruptions. The station originally measured 600 feet (180 m) long, and each platform measures about 30 feet (9.1 m) wide. The station has blue I-beam columns on

7366-758: The DeKalb Avenue station was 3,200 feet (980 m) apart, much longer than comparable stations on the IRT and BRT in Lower Manhattan and Downtown Brooklyn. The original contract was modified in July 1917, and a provision for the station was added. On May 16, 1918, the New York Public Service Commission approved a report by the Chief Engineer requesting that work on the construction of the station stop due to

7493-658: The IND Culver Line opened. The IND Sixth Avenue Line to West Fourth Street–Washington Square opened on April 9, 1936, and the Fulton Street Line to Rockaway Avenue opened the same day. Until 1969, a free transfer was available to/from the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line at Bridge–Jay Streets and also issued at stations from Sumner Avenue on south. When the Myrtle Avenue Line south of Myrtle Avenue closed,

7620-610: The IRT and BMT. On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line . This line consisted of a corridor connecting Inwood, Manhattan , to Downtown Brooklyn , running largely under Eighth Avenue but also paralleling Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan. An additional line, the IND Sixth Avenue Line,

7747-453: The Jay Street and Lawrence Street stations, was delayed indefinitely. The stations were separate from each other since the IND station's opening, despite their proximity. In March 2007, a contract was finally awarded for the renovation of the stations. The MTA constructed a 175-foot (53 m) transfer passageway as part of its 2005–2009 Capital Program. The $ 164.5 million project also brought

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7874-581: The Jay Street–MetroTech station and four other subway stations in Brooklyn. The station consists of three underground levels. Just below ground is the IND mezzanine, then the IND platforms, followed by the BMT platform on the deepest level. The two stations connect to each other via a stair, two escalators, and an elevator at the west end of the BMT station. The BMT station also has its own mezzanine at its eastern end. The stations are located one block away from each other. The 2009 artwork in this station

8001-446: The Long Island Business College to prepare himself for his Regents exam before he could begin to study law. He got into law school with the help of his wife, as well as that of a teacher who gave up his lunch hour to help, and for whom Hylan later found a position in the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity when he became mayor. After he passed his Regents exam, he enrolled in New York Law School where Woodrow Wilson , who

8128-403: The Manhattan-bound platform and white concrete tile columns on the Brooklyn-bound one. The station's walls had blue tiles. Before renovation, the trim line on the platform walls was two-tone cobalt blue with "JAY" tiled in white lettering on a black background underneath. As part of the renovation, new tiling was placed on the trackside walls. After the renovation, the blue trim-line was widened and

8255-404: The Queens Children's Court. When journalist Alva Johnston asked Walker why he would appoint a rival to a judgeship, Walker quipped, "The children now can be tried by their peer." Hylan's most famous statement against "the interests" was the following speech, made in 1922, while he was the sitting Mayor of New York City: The real menace of our Republic is the invisible government, which like

8382-429: The Tammany machine. Murphy, who had become independently wealthy from a trucking company which leased docks from the city and rented them to shipping companies, fixed his goal as Tammany chief to extend Tammany influence to all the boroughs and then beyond. He decided to dislodge Fusionist mayor Seth Low by running George B. McClellan Jr. , son of the Civil War general who had run against Lincoln in 1864. The move

8509-405: The abandoned LIRR Rockaway Beach Branch (now the IND Rockaway Line ), which opened in 1955. Two stations ( 57th Street and Grand Street ) were part of the Chrystie Street Connection , and opened in 1968; the Harlem–148th Street terminal opened that same year in an unrelated project. Six were built as part of a 1968 plan : three on the Archer Avenue Lines , opened in 1988, and three on

8636-526: The arriving train to identify it. There are several common platform configurations. On a double track line, a station may have one center island platform used for trains in both directions, or two side platforms , one for each direction. For lines with three or four tracks with express service, local stops will have side platforms and the middle one or two tracks will not stop at the station. On these lines, express stations typically have two island platforms, one for each direction. Each island platform provides

8763-418: The charge, looking directly at Murphy in front of him and delivering a blistering speech scoring Tammany "treachery" for selecting Democratic "traitor" Grout. Robert H. Elder followed him, placing in nomination Julian D. Fairchild in Grout's place and reminded the convention that Grout had been a Republican and left the Brooklyn Democrats because of their association with Tammany. Littleton rose again to remind

8890-459: The completion of the Montague Street Tunnel. It was decided to postpone work to complete this station, and use the labor force working on this station and concrete material intended to be used at the station to complete work on the Court Street station, accelerating the estimated completion of that station to January 1919, allowing service through the tunnel to operate in early 1919 as opposed to late 1919. Construction stopped on May 18, when about half

9017-410: The complexity of the system (Manhattan being the smallest borough, but having the most services), but they do show major city streets as an aid to navigation. The newest edition took effect on June 27, 2010, and makes Manhattan bigger and Staten Island smaller, with minor tweaks happening to the map when more permanent changes occur. Earlier diagrams of the subway, the first being produced in 1958, had

9144-455: The consent of Tammany and William Randolph Hearst , he was put forward as a Brooklyn Democratic candidate for Mayor and won the first of two terms. He was re-elected with a wide plurality, which swept many Brooklyn Democrats into office. His chief focus in office was to keep subway fares from rising. By the end of his second term, however, a report by a committee appointed by Governor Al Smith severely criticized his administration's handling of

9271-467: The construction of the station complex) is an express station on both the IND Fulton Street and Culver lines. It has four tracks with two island platforms . Fulton Street Line trains use the center "express" tracks, while Culver Line trains use the outer "local" tracks. Current service patterns route all IND Eighth Avenue Line trains to the Fulton Street Line and all IND Sixth Avenue Line trains to

9398-583: The construction of the station complex) on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line is a local station with two tracks and one narrow island platform. The station is between Court Street to the north and DeKalb Avenue to the south. Unlike in the IND station, there are no tiles on the track walls. A narrow mezzanine above the platform connects the station's two easternmost fare control areas. It still has its original directional signs labeled as "to Lawrence Street" and "to Bridge Street". The platform formerly had

9525-425: The correct platform without having to cross the street before entering. Inside mezzanines are fare control areas, where passengers physically pay their fare to enter the subway system. In many older stations, the fare control area is at platform level with no mezzanine crossovers. Many elevated stations also have platform-level fare control with no common station house between directions of service. Upon entering

9652-461: The delegates that Grout once called Tammany a "stench in his nostrils." The "excitement reached a climax" when one Tammany leader broke with Murphy against Grout causing "wild applause." Murphy and the Tammany leaders sat through the abuse, smiling, and in the end the Brooklyn Democrats were routed by the near unanimous Tammany vote. While the Kings County delegation under the leadership of state senator Patrick H. McCarren made show of unity by moving

9779-545: The first demonstration for an underground transit system in New York City in 1869 and opened it in February 1870. His Beach Pneumatic Transit only extended 312 feet (95 m) under Broadway in Lower Manhattan operating from Warren Street to Murray Street and exhibited his idea for an atmospheric railway as a subway. The tunnel was never extended for political and financial reasons. Today, no part of this line remains as

9906-482: The five-cent fare of the time, or 10¢ ($ 3 in 2023 dollars ). In 1940, the city bought the two private systems. Some elevated lines ceased service immediately while others closed soon after. Integration was slow, but several connections were built between the IND and BMT. These now operate as one division, called the B Division . Since the former IRT tunnels are narrower, have sharper curves, and shorter station platforms, they cannot accommodate B Division cars, and

10033-400: The former IRT remains its own division, the A Division . Many passenger transfers between stations of all three former companies have been created, allowing the entire network to be treated as a single unit. During the late 1940s, the system recorded high ridership, and on December 23, 1946, the system-wide record of 8,872,249 fares was set. The New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA),

10160-451: The happiest moments of [his] life." Making $ 3.50 a day, he said, "finally landed [him] on the right side of the engine cab." It required long hours: 13-hour runs on weekdays, 12 hours on Saturdays, and 11 on Sundays. When Hylan felt himself economically secure, even before he became engineer, he went back to Hunter and married his childhood sweetheart Marian O'Hara. They moved to Bushwick , a section of Brooklyn where they would spend most of

10287-480: The hurricane included the restoration of the new South Ferry station from 2012 to 2017; the full closure of the Montague Street Tunnel from 2013 to 2014; and the partial 14th Street Tunnel shutdown from 2019 to 2020. Annual ridership on the New York City Subway system, which totaled nearly 1.7 billion in 2019, declined dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic and did not surpass one billion again until 2022. When

10414-455: The leading men of private organizations, and resort to every device to place in nomination for high public office only such candidates as will be amenable to the dictates of corrupt big business. These international bankers and Rockefeller–Standard Oil interests control the majority of the newspapers and magazines in this country. They use the columns of these papers to club into submission or drive out of office public officials who refuse to do

10541-463: The line at the beginning of 2017. Many rapid transit systems run relatively static routings, so that a train "line" is more or less synonymous with a train "route". In New York City, routings change often, for various reasons. Within the nomenclature of the subway , the "line" describes the physical railroad track or series of tracks that a train "route" uses on its way from one terminal to another. "Routes" (also called "services") are distinguished by

10668-403: The lines and leased them to the companies. The first line of the city-owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932. This system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down but stayed within the core of the city due to its small startup capital. This required it to be run 'at cost', necessitating fares up to double

10795-584: The manager of the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad each day until he was finally granted an interview and promoted to fireman . He made $ 1.50 a day for this heavy labor. He reported to the East New York station on March 11, 1888, the day of the Great Blizzard . After two years as stoker, then as engine hostler, Hylan passed the required test and was given a job as an engineer, in "one of

10922-636: The modern-day New York City Subway system were already in service by then. The oldest structure still in use opened in 1885 as part of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line in Brooklyn and is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line . The oldest right-of-way, which is part of the BMT West End Line near Coney Island Creek , was in use in 1864 as a steam railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road . The first underground line of

11049-469: The most-used, and the one with the most stations, with 472 stations in operation (423, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). The system has operated 24/7 service every day of the year throughout most of its history, barring emergencies and disasters. By annual ridership, the New York City Subway is the busiest rapid transit system in both the Western Hemisphere and

11176-543: The municipal judiciary. As mayor, Hylan railed against "the interests" and put in motion the building of the Independent Subway System , which would later become part of the New York City Subway . On December 30, 1925, Hylan resigned from office one day before the end of his term in order to assure his eligibility for a $ 4,205 annual pension from the city. The 14-mile (23 km) Hylan Boulevard in Staten Island

11303-507: The museum started hosting another exhibit, The Secret Life of 370 Jay Street , that chronicled the building's varying uses. Each of the three former companies that made up the current New York City Subway (the Independent Subway System, Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Company, and Interborough Rapid Transit Company ) had their own money train platforms. IND money trains made their deposits from the southbound IND Culver line track, and

11430-410: The new speech, he reached the climax—a Revolutionary War -inspired "I call for the spirit of 1776"—but rather than closing out on a high note, Hylan missed the context and read out the number's digits, saying, "I call for the spirit of one-seven-seven-six." In another story recounted about Hylan's supposed lack of intelligence and articulateness, his successor Jimmy Walker appointed Hylan as judge of

11557-404: The perception of being more geographically inaccurate than the diagrams today. The design of the subway map by Massimo Vignelli , published by the MTA between 1972 and 1979, has become a modern classic but the MTA deemed the map flawed due to its placement of geographical elements. A late night-only version of the map was introduced on January 30, 2012. On September 16, 2011, the MTA introduced

11684-460: The police courts and "never cared for that branch of the law." After eight years in the courts of Brooklyn, he was respected enough to begin getting appointments within the power of local judges. Hylan had higher ambitions, so he began making the kind of connections expected of someone considering a run for higher office. One connection he made, albeit by accident, was John H. McCooey , the future Brooklyn Democratic Party boss; they met when McCooey

11811-399: The renovation. Now, the mezzanine has a larger southern section connecting to the southern exits, the central exits, and the transfer to the BMT platform; as well as a smaller northern section connecting to the northern exits only. The two parts of the mezzanine are cut off by a large white wall. The Jay Street–MetroTech station (formerly Lawrence Street–MetroTech station before

11938-528: The rest of their lives. During his years as a motorman, he regularly paid the $ 75 semiannual interest payment for his family's farm and paid the principal off before he left that job. Hylan wrote that he had no inclination to seek any other position once he was settled and making $ 100 a month. Hylan considered law because his younger brother, who had been studying law and on whom his parents had pinned hopes and family pride, had died. His wife encouraged him, but because of his limited education, he had to study at

12065-499: The rest reopened in September 2002, along with service south of Chambers Street. Cortlandt Street reopened in September 2018. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy flooded several underwater tunnels and other facilities near New York Harbor , as well as trackage over Jamaica Bay . The immediate damage was fixed within six months, but long-term resiliency and rehabilitation projects continued for several years. The recovery projects after

12192-468: The routes proposed over the decades have never seen construction, discussion remains strong to develop some of these lines, to alleviate existing subway capacity constraints and overcrowding, the most notable being the proposals for the Second Avenue Subway . Plans for new lines date back to the early 1910s, and expansion plans have been proposed during many years of the system's existence. After

12319-403: The routes that would normally run on these lines. The Transit Authority announces planned service changes through its website, via placards that are posted on station and interior subway-car walls, and through its Twitter page. Current official transit maps of the New York City Subway are based on a 1979 design by Michael Hertz Associates . The maps are not geographically accurate due to

12446-453: The southbound platform's were 3 inches (7.6 cm). In 1957, the city conducted another experiment, this time placing an automatic token dispenser in the station. In September 1987, the station was the site of yet another experiment; the station's turnstiles were converted to allow new fare payment, consisting of "laminated polyester fare cards." (This would later become the MetroCard, which

12573-483: The southeast corner of Willoughby and Bridge Streets, the corner where the building is located. The MTA was hopeful that this instance would encourage developers to build other entrances to other subway stations, since AVA DoBro's developer paid for the entrance in its entirety. New York City councilmember Lincoln Restler founded a volunteer group, the Friends of MTA Station Group, in early 2023 to advocate for improvements to

12700-504: The station from traffic MetroTech generated, new directional signs were installed, a wall that blocked the view of the token booth clerk was removed to improve security, a part-time token booth was added, and lighting was upgraded. New York City mayor John Francis Hylan 's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines, which would compete with

12827-565: The station was completed. Service running through the Montague Tunnel and this station began on August 1, 1920, with the station being constructed alongside in-service trains. The line was called the Montague Street Tunnel Line. Construction resumed on May 18, 1922. The scope of work included excavation from the street to provide an entrance, the construction of an island platform between the two cast iron-lined tunnels covered by

12954-523: The stations into compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and cosmetically improved the upper mezzanine. With the opening of the transfer on December 10, 2010, the complex was given its present name. The transfer was projected to benefit an estimated 35,000 daily passengers. In 2016, a new entrance to the BMT portion of the station was built as part of the AVA DoBro residential high-rise building. This entrance replaces an earlier entrance at

13081-673: The still-visible door on the wall is where they connected to the vaults above before armored trucks replaced them. For the BMT, there was a second platform just west of the station, after a diamond crossover between the two tracks; this was the deepest of the three money train platforms. A third platform is also in the IRT Eastern Parkway Line tunnel that passes through this area for the same purpose. Station Reporter: The Subway Nut: Google Maps Street View New York City Subway July 3, 1868 ; 156 years ago  ( 1868-07-03 ) (first elevated, rapid transit operation) [REDACTED] The New York City Subway

13208-727: The subway opened on October 27, 1904, almost 36 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City (which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line ). The 9.1-mile (14.6 km) subway line, then called the "Manhattan Main Line", ran from City Hall station northward under Lafayette Street (then named Elm Street) and Park Avenue (then named Fourth Avenue) before turning westward at 42nd Street . It then curved northward again at Times Square , continuing under Broadway before terminating at 145th Street station in Harlem . Its operation

13335-508: The subway system runs on surface or elevated tracks, including steel or cast-iron elevated structures , concrete viaducts , embankments , open cuts and surface routes. As of 2019 , there are 168 miles (270 km) of elevated tracks. All of these construction methods are completely grade-separated from road and pedestrian crossings, and most crossings of two subway tracks are grade-separated with flying junctions . The sole exceptions of at-grade junctions of two lines in regular service are

13462-581: The subway system. Tammany ran Jimmy Walker against him for the Democratic nomination and Hylan lost. Walker appointed him to the Children's Court where he sat for many years. After his term as mayor, Hylan spent much time attacking the "interests," arguing that industrial concentration gave great power to individuals to influence politics and impoverish the working poor . Hylan was born in 1868 in Hunter, New York ,

13589-535: The subway, in 2003. This meant that the money trains were no longer used, and in December 2006, the platforms were closed. The money trains were also retired, though for a different reason: they moved slowly, and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was concerned that the money trains would delay train traffic. The money train later became part of the collection of the nearby New York Transit Museum , and in October 2015,

13716-679: The transfer was issued to the B54 bus, which ran along the former route. Today, the MetroCard provides free transfer between bus and subway throughout the system. In 1955, the city decided to experiment with placing raised safety disks on the edges of the platforms, in order to increase passenger safety. Compared to the painted orange-and-yellow stripes on the platforms, the disks, which were painted yellow and spaced one foot apart from each other, were expected to last about five times as long. The northbound platform's disks were 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter, and

13843-407: The tunnel was completely within the limits of the present-day City Hall station under Broadway. The Great Blizzard of 1888 helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. A plan for the construction of the subway was approved in 1894, and construction began in 1900. Even though the underground portions of the subway had yet to be built, several above-ground segments of

13970-444: The two eastern corners of the aforementioned intersection. The stairs serve the BMT platform directly. There is an additional full-height turnstile entrance at the east end. It formerly contained a booth and has two street stairs to Bridge and Willoughby Streets, high turnstiles, and two platform stairs. This fare control area was the first in the system to have its service gate converted to an emergency exit. An exit-only escalator on

14097-550: The unanimous nomination of McClellan when its nominee was defeated, a similar motion for Grout and Fornes, however, was "howled down." The next day at the Brooklyn Democratic headquarters in the auction room on Willoughby Street, all talk of McLaughlin's plan for an opposition ticket to Tammany's had ceased. If McClellan won the mayoralty, all Brooklyn patronage would go through him and Tammany. While Brooklyn maintained its objection to Grout and Fornes, that did little good for

14224-535: The union's founding, there have been three union strikes over contract disputes with the MTA: 12 days in 1966 , 11 days in 1980 , and three days in 2005 . By the 1970s and 1980s, the New York City Subway was at an all-time low. Ridership had dropped to 1910s levels, and graffiti and crime were rampant. Maintenance was poor, and delays and track problems were common. Still, the NYCTA managed to open six new subway stations in

14351-523: The wisdom of the McClellan choice. Brooklyn party leader Hugh McLaughlin decided to test Murphy's hold over the outer boroughs and gave an interview promising to oppose Murphy's nominee at the city convention. At the Democratic City Committee meeting on September 24, Murphy defied Brooklyn leaders to take the fight over McClellan to the Convention the next week, knowing that Tammany controlled

14478-717: The work. The foundations of tall buildings often ran near the subway construction, and in some cases needed underpinning to ensure stability. This method worked well for digging soft dirt and gravel near the street surface. Tunnelling shields were required for deeper sections, such as the Harlem and East River tunnels, which used cast-iron tubes. Rock or concrete-lined tunnels were used on segments from 33rd to 42nd streets under Park Avenue ; 116th to 120th Streets under Broadway ; 145th to Dyckman Streets (Fort George) under Broadway and St. Nicholas Avenue ; and 96th Street and Broadway to Central Park North and Lenox Avenue . About 40% of

14605-538: The years, the MTA has been involved in a number of lawsuits over the lack of accessibility in its stations. The Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association filed what may have been the first of these suits in 1979, based on state law. The lawsuits have relied on a number of different legal bases, but most have centered around the MTA's failure to include accessibility as a part of its plans for remodeling various stations. As of January 2022 , ADA-accessibility projects are expected to be started or completed at 51 stations as part of

14732-647: Was a member of the Foresters of America, the Broadway Board of Trade, the Twenty-eighth Ward Taxpayer Association, and he began working his way up the local Democratic club. Hylan emerged from obscurity in Brooklyn Democratic politics during the citywide elections of 1903, a campaign during which several internal Democratic power struggles worked themselves out. In Manhattan Charles Francis Murphy had recently replaced Richard Croker as head of

14859-407: Was a postal clerk and Hylan was sending money orders to his parents for interest payments on the family farm's mortgage. Hylan would remain grateful for the kindness McCooey showed him, and they remained friends thereafter. Other contacts were made by constant attendance at local organizations, political and otherwise. In addition to his union membership, which he kept up even when he was mayor, he

14986-630: Was approved in 1925, running from Midtown Manhattan underneath Sixth Avenue, Houston Street , Essex Street , and the Rutgers Street Tunnel to Downtown Brooklyn. By July 1927, the BOT had finalized its plans for new IND lines in Brooklyn. The Eighth Avenue Line was to continue into eastern Brooklyn as the Fulton Street Line , while the Sixth Avenue Line was to continue to South Brooklyn as

15113-412: Was leased to the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), and over 150,000 passengers paid the 5-cent fare ($ 2 in 2023 dollars ) to ride it on the first day of operation. By the late 1900s and early 1910s, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the IRT and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation , BMT). The city built most of

15240-450: Was not widely released until 1993.) The station's token booths were shuttered in May 2005, after fare tokens were replaced with MetroCards ; station agents were deployed elsewhere in the station to answer passengers' queries. This was part of a pilot program that was tested at seven other stations. In October 2019, the MTA unveiled an accessible station lab at Jay Street–MetroTech station, which

15367-424: Was renamed for him in 1923 over the protests of his political opponents. Hylan developed a reputation for not being exceptionally intelligent or well-spoken. According to Robert Moses , Hylan went through most of a mayoral campaign using just one stump speech: a call to keep the five-cent subway fare in place. He asked for Moses' help in preparing another, and Moses obliged. The first time Hylan tried to deliver

15494-461: Was teaching Constitutional Law there at the time, was among his professors. After graduating in October 1897, Hylan clerked for Long Island City attorney James T. Olwell. He prepared himself in two and a half years. The earliest bar exam he could take was in Syracuse, but immediately before he was set to take the exam, he was involved in a near accident with the railroad's supervisor. Hylan said that it

15621-575: Was the supervisor's fault, but nonetheless, he was fired. Even so, the privileges of his membership in the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers enabled him to travel to Syracuse at no charge, and he passed the bar exam. Hylan learned that law practices required startup cash, so he mortgaged the farm again to raise $ 500. With that sum, he set up an office on the corner of Gates Avenue and Broadway in Bushwick. He made $ 24 his first month, but gradually built up

15748-410: Was to be part of the city-operated IND, and was to comprise almost 1 ⁄ 3 of the current subway system. By 1939, with unification planned, all three systems were included within the plan, which was ultimately never carried out. Many different plans were proposed over the years of the subway's existence, but expansion of the subway system mostly stopped during World War II . Though most of

15875-467: Was to have been at Court Street . After the contract was approved for the Montague Street Tunnel and the associated subway line, the planners realized there should have been a station at Lawrence Street. In 1916, local business owners proposed an additional station at Lawrence and Willoughby Streets. Supporters of the plan said the distance from the south end of the Court Street station to the north end of

16002-469: Was to run until the end of the year. The lab includes over a dozen features including Braille signs, tactile pads, wayfinding apps, diagrams of accessible routes, and floor stickers to guide passengers to the correct routes. In 1981, the MTA had listed the IND portion of the station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system. However, in 2005, planned renovation of twelve subway stations, including

16129-494: Was unpopular in Brooklyn, whose leaders believed that McClellan would hurt down-ticket Brooklyn candidates; they concluded that running McClellan likely would cost them the district attorney and sheriff's offices, not to mention borough and judicial races. Some observers believed that it was Murphy's intention, despite the risk of lost votes in Brooklyn, as long as he could cut off the Kings County party's independent base of patronage. Murphy's highhandedness rankled others as well. At

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