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29-594: The Japanese Terrier most often has a black head and a predominantly white body with little black spots. The length of the Japanese Terrier is anywhere from 8 to 13 inches tall (to shoulders) and it typically weighs 5 to 10 pounds. Its ears are high set and fold forward, and the coat is short, slick and fine. Its tail can be docked . The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) breed standard describes this breed as having "a lively and cheerful character" and as "swift and lively in temperament". The Japanese Terrier

58-561: A prohibition of the docking of dogs' tails by lay persons from 1 July 1993 onward—thus abridging the practice to veterinary surgeons only. The passage of this amendment resulted in a response from the Council of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons , when in November 1992 the group ruled docking to be unethical "unless for therapeutic or acceptable prophylactic reasons". Critics highlighted that

87-438: A study examining such issues found no significant effect of docking on SCC or mastitis frequency or on four measures of cow cleanliness. Although it has been suggested that leptospirosis among dairy farm workers might be reduced by docking cows' tails, a study found that milkers' leptospiral titers were not related to tail docking. The American Veterinary Medical Association opposes "routine tail docking of cattle." Similarly,

116-405: A working dog). The push for industry regulation, characteristic of the twentieth-century UK, culminated in the passage of Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 . Therein, tail docking was explicitly declared to be legal and exempt from regulation when performed by persons of or over the age of eighteen—notably before the dog opens its eyes in infancy. Withal, a 1991 amendment to the act by Parliament enacted

145-452: Is contested by a wide range of groups and is sometimes considered a form of animal cruelty . This has led to the practice being outlawed and made illegal throughout many countries, in some of which dogs are no longer bred for work, or used as working animals . For example, in eighteenth-century England, tail docking became conventional following the implementation of a tax levied against non-working dogs (a docked tail designated status as

174-477: Is not recommended, as it may interfere with ingestion of colostrum and/or formation of the maternal bond. In the UK the law requires that docking on sheep using constriction methods must be performed within the first week of the animal's life. The UK Farm Animal Welfare Council has noted that this limitation can be problematic in management of hill flocks where normal practice is to handle lambs as little as possible during

203-553: Is practiced at some PMU operations. In modern times, the term "docked" or "docking" in reference to the tail of a horse generally refers to the practice of cutting the hair of the tail skirt very short, just past the end of the natural dock of the tail . In particular, the tail is often cut short to keep it from being tangled in a harness . Tail docking of dairy cows is prevalent in some regions. Some anecdotal reports have suggested that such docking may reduce SCC (somatic cell counts in milk) and occurrence of mastitis . However,

232-470: The AKC. This dog-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Docking (animal) Docking is the intentional removal of part of an animal's tail or, sometimes, ears . The term cropping is more commonly used in reference to the cropping of ears, while docking more commonly—but not exclusively—refers to the tail; the term tailing is used, also. The term has its origins in

261-839: The American Veterinary Medical Association. In the UK, the law states that for sheep docked tails should at a minimum cover the anus in male lambs, and the vulva in female lambs. These minimum lengths are also recommended in Canada. Depending on the animal and the culture, docking may be done by cutting (knife or other blade), searing (gas or electrically heated searing iron), or constriction methods, i.e. rubber ring elastration . The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association indicates that pain, stress, recovery time and complications associated with docking of livestock will be minimized by docking when animals are under one week of age. However, docking of lambs within 24 hours of birth

290-556: The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association opposes docking tails of dairy cattle. Cattle on large Australian cattle stations often have the tail brush (not the dock) cut shorter (banged) before their release; this "bang-tail muster" indicates those having been counted, treated, their current pregnancy status determined, etc. Tail docking in the dairy industry is prohibited in Denmark, Germany, Scotland, Sweden,

319-633: The EU since 1994. The Council Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs prohibited all tail-docking of pigs in the EU. Finland and Sweden have banned and eliminated tail-docking on the member state level, but in the rest of the EU, routine illegal tail-docking of pigs has been continuing with impunity, as pig farmers argue that they do not manage to prevent tail-biting by implementing recommended measures. The practice also continues among large US pig producers. Many breeds of sheep have their tails docked to reduce

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348-619: The Japanese Terrier was recognized by the Japan Kennel Club in 1930. The Japanese Terrier was originally bred to hunt small game, such as rats and mice, and to provide companionship to their owners. The breed is known for its high energy and intelligence, making it a great choice for an active owner who is willing to provide plenty of exercise and mental stimulation. The breed is generally healthy, but can be prone to certain health issues, such as deafness and allergies. Regular veterinary check-ups and proper grooming are important for maintaining

377-488: The United Kingdom, and some Australian states, as well as California, Ohio, and Rhode Island. Several large organizations within the dairy industry are against tail docking because of the lack of scientific evidence supporting claims benefiting the practice. Scientific studies have demonstrated that there are numerous animal welfare issues with this practice (such as distress, pain, increased activity in pain receptors in

406-466: The animal's nipples are not included within the ring. Elastration is normally limited to castrations done during the first few weeks of life, and it cannot be used for species where the scrotum does not have a narrow base, such as pigs or horses . It is commonly recommended to not use this method on goats until they are 8 weeks or older. This is due to possible complications that could occur later in life like urinary calculi . Goats that are banded during

435-424: The body part ( scrotum or tail ) until it drops off. This method is favored for its simplicity, low cost, and minimal training requirements. Elastration is the most common method used to castrate sheep and goats , but is also common in cattle . Elastration involves restraining the animal, without the need for anesthesia or sedation (unlike most other castration methods), in a position that provides access to

464-442: The first month of age are most at risk. The country of Lithuania has banned the practice due to their belief that the procedure is inhumane. There is some evidence that elastration is more painful if carried out on older animals, although much of the immediate pain of application can be prevented by injection of local anaesthesia into the scrotal neck and testicles. Practitioners usually try to elastrate as soon as possible, once

493-411: The first week "to avoid mis-mothering, mis-adventure and injury." As with other domesticated animals, there is a long history of docking the tails of dogs. It is understood to date at least to Ancient Greece. The most popular reason for docking dog breeds is to prevent injury to working dogs. In hunting dogs, the tail is docked to prevent it from getting cut up as the dog wags its tail in the brush. This

522-410: The genitals. Special elastrator pliers are then used to place a tight latex (rubber) elastrator ring gently around the base of the scrotum . This cuts the blood supply to the scrotum and testicles, which will totally decay and slough off within a few weeks. Care must be taken during the procedure to ensure that both testicles are fully descended and properly located inside the scrotum, and that

551-537: The health of the breed. Overall, the Japanese Terrier is a loyal and loving companion for those who are willing to provide it with the care and attention it needs. On October 13, 2020, the Japanese Terrier was accepted into the American Kennel Club 's Foundation Stock Service, an optional breed registry service the club provides for new purebred dog breeds that have been introduced to the US and are yet to be recognised by

580-511: The imperatives, posited by the Royal College, for prophylactic docking were so strict that they made the routine docking of puppies by veterinary surgeons extremely difficult to near impossible. Veterinarians who presently exercise tail docking risk disciplinary action, and can be removed from the professional register. Those found guilty of unlawful docking would face a fine of up to £20,000, up to 51 weeks imprisonment or both. They can only dock

609-579: The living flesh of the tail, commonly known as the dock , from which the animal's tail hairs grow. Tail-docking in pigs is typically carried out without anesthetic when the piglet is three to four days old, causing acute trauma and pain. Commercially raised domestic pigs kept in close quarters have their tails docked to prevent chewing or biting each other's tails. Pig producers in Brazil and Thailand have stopped tail docking for animal welfare reasons. Routine tail-docking without anesthesia has been illegal in

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638-399: The practice in 1987. Other countries where docking is banned include Australia and the United Kingdom. Originally, most docking was done for practical purposes. For example, a draft horse used for hauling large loads might have had its tail docked to prevent it from becoming entangled in tow ropes, farm machinery, or harness; without docking, it could be dangerous to the horse, painful if

667-415: The ring, and they continue to develop above the scrotum – surgical castration then becomes necessary. Improper use of banding can result in death and charges of cruelty. The same tool and rings are also used to dock the tails of many breeds of sheep, to prevent dung building up on the tails (which can lead to fly strike ). This is usually done at the same time as castration of the ram lambs. It

696-514: The risk of fly strike . Mulesing is also used for that purpose. Docking also makes it easier to view a grown ewe's udders to detect potential problems. While tail docking is an effective preventive method in some cases, if it is not carried out correctly it may result in other problems such as ill thrift or rectal prolapse . In lambs, tail docking at the distal end of the caudal folds tends to minimize docking effects on incidence of rectal prolapse. Docking at that length has been recommended by

725-948: The tail of "working" dogs (in some specific cases) – e.g. hunting dogs that work in areas thick in brambles and heavy vegetation where the dog's tail can get caught and cause injury to the dog. Docking was banned in England and Wales by the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and in Scotland by the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 . In 1987 the European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals , established by Council of Europe, prohibited docking for non-medical reasons, though signatory countries are free to opt out of this provision, and almost half of them have done so. Norway completely banned

754-412: The tail stump, abnormal growths of nerve fibers, sensitivity to heat and cold, and clostridial diseases). Fortunately, there is an effective and humane alternative to tail docking, which is switch trimming. Elastration Elastration (a portmanteau of "elastic" and "castration") is a bloodless method of male castration and docking commonly used for livestock . Elastration is simply banding

783-404: The tail were tangled, and inconvenient to the owner to tie up the horse's tail for every use. In modern use, the term usually does not refer to tail amputation as it does with some dog breeds . However, historically, docking was performed on some horses, often as foals . The practice has been banned in some nations, but is still seen on some show and working draft horses in some places, and

812-445: The testicles have descended, to reduce the amount of dead tissue, infection, and accompanying complications. However, with some animals such as goats, castrating too early increases the frequency of kidney stones and urinary problems due to reduced size of the urethra , so elastration may be postponed. If bull calves are castrated within the first one or two days the testes may sometimes be small and soft enough to be drawn up through

841-708: Was bred in the 17th century by mating Smooth Fox Terriers , brought by Dutch merchant ships to Nagasaki , with small-sized pointers or small native Japanese dogs. By the 1900s, at the end of the Meiji Era , some of these dogs were seen in the Kobe streets, and were called the “Kobe Terriers”. The appearance of these “Kobe Terriers” was like a mix of the modern Smooth Fox Terriers and the Japanese Terriers. The dogs were then kept as lapdogs in other ports such as Kobe and Yokohama . Planned breeding did not begin until around 1920, and

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