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101-474: James Francis Gunn Jr. (born August 5, 1966) is an American screenwriter, director, and producer. He began his career as a screenwriter in the mid-1990s, starting at Troma Entertainment with Tromeo and Juliet (1996). He then began working as a director, starting with the horror-comedy film Slither (2006), and moving to the superhero genre with Super (2010), Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of

202-623: A Master of Fine Arts from Columbia University in 1995. While living in St. Louis, Gunn founded a band, The Icons, in 1989, serving as lead vocalist. The group released the album Mom, We Like It Here on Earth in 1994, and its songs "Sunday" and "Walking Naked" were featured in the film Tromeo and Juliet . The Icons disbanded in the mid-1990s. Gunn has continued to work in music, composing songs for Scooby-Doo , Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed , and Movie 43 . Gunn began his career in filmmaking with Troma Entertainment in 1996, for which he co-wrote

303-458: A PG-13 remake of The Toxic Avenger had been greenlit and was to be produced by Akiva Goldsman . It actually has not been the first attempt at a general audience-friendly version of the franchise, as Make Your Own Damn Movie identified a previous deal with New Line in the early 1990s for a live-action take on the Toxic Crusaders . Another 1980s Troma classic, Mother's Day (1980),

404-464: A dark comedy and superhero satire starring Rainn Wilson and Elliot Page . He also directed a segment of the 2013 comedy anthology film Movie 43 (2013); the segment starred Elizabeth Banks and Josh Duhamel . The film was critically panned. Gunn co-wrote and directed the Marvel Studios adaptation of Guardians of the Galaxy , which was released on August 1, 2014. His brother, Sean, has

505-609: A 'serious' filmmaker, think you put more love into your characters than the Russo Brothers do Captain America, or Joss Whedon does the Hulk, or I do a talking raccoon, you are simply mistaken. Gunn wrote and produced the horror film The Belko Experiment , which was released in 2017. In 2016, he directed three Stan Lee cameo scenes in one day, for the film Doctor Strange and two unrevealed projects. Gunn wrote and directed Guardians of

606-462: A 35,000 square foot facility, primarily for graduate film students. The Playa Vista campus includes three greenscreen studios, eight Avid editing rooms and a Foley stage. In the spring of 2020, dean Peggy Rajski broke ground on the Howard B. Fitzpatrick Pavilion, a 25,000-square-foot structure equipped with a screening theater, a camera-teaching stage and a motion-capture workspace, which is due to open in

707-581: A Black students' union in 1968. In response, Loyola president Charles S. Casassa issued policies on 'unlawful student protests'. Despite stonewalling from Casassa, the Black Student Union of Loyola pledged that it would "work through established channels, to dialogue, and to present our case in an intelligent, cohesive, and non-violent fashion." When the campus newspaper The Loyolan surveyed students, most were generally supportive of introducing inclusive courses such as Black history. The Religious of

808-508: A Doctorate in Education (Ed.D.). The School of Film and Television was established in 2003 by consolidating LMU's programs in film and television. Admission to the undergraduate program is competitive, with 19% of applicants admitted to the program. It is the seventh highest ranked film program in America, according to The Hollywood Reporter and the fifth highest ranked program, according to College Factual ( USA Today ). In 2018, it opened

909-690: A Juris Doctor, and 13 credential programs. LMU's sports teams are called the Lions and compete at the NCAA Division I level as members of the West Coast Conference in 20 sports. The university was originally known as St. Vincent's College for Boys, founded and run by the Vincentians until 1911. The university served as the first institution of higher learning in Southern California . In 1865,

1010-755: A chapel, residence hall, cottages, and traditional brick-and-ivy complex housing classrooms and lecture halls. The new campus retained a tall, central tower topped with St. Vincent's trademark mansard roof . Alongside campus expansion, the athletic program grew, and the Catholic Collegiates competed against Occidental College 's Presbyterians and the University of Southern California 's Methodists. St. Vincent's athletes were also recruited into professional sports. During this era, from St. Vincent's College graduated numerous notable alumni, including Isidore Dockweiler , Eugene Biscailuz and Leo Carrillo . In 1911,

1111-535: A completely new script for the DC Extended Universe film The Suicide Squad , with the intention of also serving as director, after its original director Gavin O'Connor left due to scheduling issues. In January 2019, he was officially confirmed to direct The Suicide Squad . He also wrote, directed, and produced the spin-off television series for the film centered on the character Peacemaker played by John Cena for Max . Gunn also co-wrote and co-produced

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1212-556: A fully equipped theater, and top-of-the-line camera equipment including five RED One Cameras . Notable alumni from LMU's film school include Barbara Broccoli , producer of James Bond films since 1990, James Wong , Brian Helgeland , writer/director of the Jackie Robinson biopic 42 , Francis Lawrence , director of three of The Hunger Games films, and David Mirkin , an executive producer and showrunner for The Simpsons . Loyola Law School 's Frank Gehry -designed campus

1313-722: A highly reflective white membrane cool roof. Student sustainability jobs are available in the recycling program. Loyola Marymount earned a grade of a "B−" on the College Sustainability Report Card 2010, published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute. Loyola Marymount is home to six colleges and schools, in addition to being the parent school of Loyola Law School in downtown Los Angeles . LMU offers an Air Force ROTC program, an Honors Program which an enriched core curriculum, and several year-long, semester, and summer study abroad programs across

1414-452: A human [and] racoon crime fighting team and they fight crime in both the forest world, among the furry animals, and in the human world". Gunn also has a short-form web series for Spike.com titled James Gunn's PG Porn . In 2008, Gunn was a judge on the VH1 reality television show Scream Queens , where 10 unknown actresses compete for a role in the film Saw VI . In 2009, Gunn announced he

1515-458: A joint statement on September 5, 2007, divorcing in 2008. The two remained friends. In 2010, Fischer persuaded Gunn to cast Rainn Wilson , her co-star on The Office , in Gunn's film Super . Gunn has been in a relationship with actress Jennifer Holland since 2015. In February 2022, Holland and Gunn became engaged, and were married at the end of September 2022. He has a dog named Oz, adopted from

1616-468: A large solar electric rooftop array that generates 868,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, providing 6% of the annual campus electrical needs. The university purchased another 6 percent of its electrical energy through Renewable Energy Credits . There are three LEED -certified buildings on campus, including the William H. Hannon Library. All new and renovated roofing projects include installation of

1717-583: A live-action/animated film titled Coyote vs. Acme , based on the Looney Tunes character Wile E. Coyote , for Warner Bros. Pictures Animation . Gunn wrote a novel in 2000, The Toy Collector , a story of a hospital orderly who steals drugs from the hospital which he sells to help keep his toy collection habit alive. In 1998, he and Troma's President Lloyd Kaufman co-wrote All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from The Toxic Avenger , about his experiences with Kaufman while working at Troma. He wrote

1818-407: A loose parody of Shakespeare 's play; Terror Firmer , a slasher film loosely based on Kaufman's book All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from The Toxic Avenger , and an independent film sequel to The Toxic Avenger trilogy titled Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV . Troma's financial hardship worsened after the botched funding of a low-budget video feature titled Tales from

1919-548: A number of programs to increase minority enrollment, such as financial aid packages and scholarships , and added African American and Latino studies programs. He stepped down as president of Loyola Marymount in 1984, but remained the university's chancellor until 2002. In 2007, the university reestablished its presence in Orange County, California when the Theological Studies Department began offering

2020-719: A role in the film. Gunn has appeared as an actor, mostly in smaller roles or uncredited appearances in his own projects. After Dan Gilroy and Jack Black separately lamented the proliferation of superhero films, Gunn responded in a Facebook post, saying in part: Popular fare in any medium has always been snubbed by the self-appointed elite. ... What bothers me slightly is that many people assume because you make big films that you put less love, care, and thought into them than people do who make independent films or who make what are considered more serious Hollywood films. ... If you think people who make superhero movies are dumb, come out and say we're dumb. But if you, as an independent filmmaker or

2121-642: A seven-episode animated series titled Creature Commandos , based on the comic book team of the same name , and working on the HBO Max series Waller , a spin-off of Peacemaker focusing on the character of Amanda Waller , with Christal Henry writing and Viola Davis reprising her role from previous DCEU projects. Gunn is also involved in multiple other DC projects, including producing Supergirl: Woman of Tomorrow due for release in 2026. Gunn married actress Jenna Fischer on October 7, 2000. After seven years of marriage, Gunn and Fischer announced their separation in

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2222-993: A shelter in 2022. Gunn has regularly shared photos of the dog and promoted #AdoptDontShop. For that reason as well as his CGI work on Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 , PETA declared Gunn to be their 2023 Person of the Year. Gunn was raised in a Catholic family and has mentioned how prayer continues to play an important role in his life, but has also said that he is, "in some ways, anti-religion". Executive producer Other roles Short films Acting roles Acting roles Troma Entertainment Troma has produced, acquired, and distributed over 1,000 independent films since its creation. Films produced and distributed by Troma include The Toxic Avenger (1984) and its sequels ; Class of Nuke 'Em High (1986) and its sequels ; Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D. (1990); Tromeo and Juliet (1996); Terror Firmer (1999); and Poultrygeist: Night of

2323-650: A soft-reboot of the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). In the DCU, he is the creator of the series Creature Commandos (2024) and the writer-director of the upcoming film Superman (2025). He also wrote and directed the web series James Gunn's PG Porn (2008–2009), the HBO Max original series Peacemaker (2022–present) and the Disney+ original special The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (2022). Other projects he

2424-681: A term synonymous with these characteristics. Troma reuses the same props, actors, and scenes repeatedly, sometimes to save money. At a certain point, however, this became yet another hallmark of Troma. Examples include a severed leg, a penis monster, and the flipping and exploding car filmed for the movie Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D. , which is used in place of any other car that needs to crash and explode. Troma has produced or acquired early films featuring several rising talents, before they were discovered, including: The studio prides itself on its self-imposed "Rules of Production": Their latest production has been Shakespeare's Shitstorm (2020). In

2525-626: A two-year master's program in Pastoral Theology in Orange, California . The first cohort graduated in the spring of 2009 with three additional cohorts completing a three-year master's degree in Pastoral Theology until the cohort program ended in 2018. The classes were held in the Marywood offices of the Diocese of Orange and then at the Diocese's Christ Cathedral campus, each nearby the former Orange Campus of

2626-473: A voice actor on the 1997 Disney film Hercules , responded to the incident by asking Disney to remove his voice from an upcoming park attraction based on the film. A number of media outlets criticized Disney's decision, including Collider , Cartoon Brew , The Daily Dot , The Independent , National Review , MovieWeb , and Vulture . An online petition urging Disney to re-hire Gunn received over 400,000 signatures. On July 30, 2018, Guardians of

2727-464: A year). The film opened to positive reviews from Entertainment Weekly and The New York Times and was released in 2006 in theaters and in 2008 on DVD. During the winter of 2010/2011, Troma produced a feature-length film Father's Day , which Kaufman calls "a response film to Mother's Day". The film was written and directed by the Canadian filmmaking team Astron-6 , debuting October 21, 2011, at

2828-464: Is a private Jesuit and Marymount research university in Los Angeles , California . It is located on the west side of the city near Playa Vista . LMU is the parent school to Loyola Law School . LMU offers 55 major and 59 minor undergraduate programs across six undergraduate colleges. The Graduate Division offers 47 master's degree programs, 1 education doctorate, 1 doctorate in juridical science,

2929-432: Is an autobiography of sorts co-written with James Gunn . This book chronicles the history of the company, its films, and its iconic figurehead. Kaufman continued to draw on his experiences as Troma chief in the "how-to" filmmaking books Make Your Own Damn Movie! , Direct Your Own Damn Movie! , Produce Your Own Damn Movie! and Sell Your Own Damn Movie! . A DVD box set has been released to coincide with release of each of

3030-737: Is headed by a rector (appointed by the Superior General of the Society of Jesus); the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary are led by local coordinator who report to the provincial superior of the Western American Province; and the Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange are led by a local superior who reports to the general superior of their congregation. Each of the three sponsoring religious communities

3131-459: Is in former collaborator James Gunn 's directing debut, Slither , and Guardians of the Galaxy . Kaufman's long-time editor Gabriel Friedman co-directed and wrote the screenplay to his follow-up film, Poultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead , a musical zom-com which made its official New York premiere on May 9, 2008 (although the film had previewed numerous times on single screens for over

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3232-592: Is in the Pico-Union neighborhood west of downtown Los Angeles and is separate from the Westchester main university campus. Including its day and evening J.D. programs, Loyola was the first California law school with a pro bono graduation requirement, under which students perform 40 hours of pro bono work. The university cabinet consists of: the president, executive vice president & provost, senior vice president & chief academic officer (under whose direction

3333-477: Is known for is writing for the 2004 remake of George A. Romero 's Dawn of the Dead (1978), writing the live-action adaptation of Scooby Doo (2002), and its sequel Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), writing and producing the horror-action film The Belko Experiment (2016), producing the superhero-horror film Brightburn (2019), and contributing to comedy-anthology film Movie 43 (2013) (directing

3434-594: Is lined by tall stained-glass windows. The Academy of Catholic Thought and Imagination (ACTI) at Loyola Marymount University is a hub for scholarship, interdisciplinary research, pedagogy, and outreach on LMU's campus and in the southwest United States. ACTI sponsors and co-sponsors events, supports interdisciplinary dialogue within the university, and publishes academic work promoting its mission. Founded in April 2014 and Directed by Dr. Brian Treanor, ACTI has been sponsoring and organizing events since April 2015. Founded in 1991,

3535-565: Is of Irish descent his father coming from an Irish immigrant family. Gunn has stated that his family's surname was originally the Irish name MacGilgunn and that it means "sons to the servants of the god of the dead"; it actually means "son of the brown youth." Growing up, Gunn was influenced by low-budget films such as Night of the Living Dead and Friday the 13th . He read magazines like Fangoria and attended genre movie screenings, including

3636-637: Is represented on the board of trustees. LMU is sponsored primarily by three religious orders that have long been associated with education , the Society of Jesus , the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary , and the Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange . LMU is home to around 35 Jesuits holding various positions in administrative, staff, and faculty positions. The Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary also house several religious sisters adjacent campus. From 1968 until 1999

3737-686: Is the heart of the university's core curriculum for all undergraduates. The college is named for Saint Robert Bellarmine . The College of Communication and Fine Arts offers majors in Art History, Communication Studies, Dance, Music, Studio Arts, and Theatre Arts as well as a graduate program in Marital and Family Therapy. Students are able to choose a specific emphasis within the studio art (STAR) major such as drawing, painting, photography, art education, sculpture, and multimedia. There are beginning (lower division) and advanced (upper division) courses offered in

3838-615: The Grand Olympic Auditorium (1924) and parking lots. Father Richard A. Gleeson was the first Jesuit president of the institution. Rapid growth prompted the Jesuits to seek a new campus on Venice Boulevard in 1917. Graduate instruction began in 1920 with the foundation of a separate law school, the only program into which women were admitted. The law school was the second in Los Angeles after USC to admit Jewish students. In 1928,

3939-429: The Sisters of Saint Joseph of Orange , merged Marymount College with St. Joseph College of Orange. St. Joseph College was originally formed as St. Joseph Teacher's College, a junior college affiliated with The Catholic University of America in 1953. In 1959 it was incorporated as an autonomous, four-year institution, and assumed the St. Joseph College name. However, in 1968 Marymount and St. Joseph's Colleges merged under

4040-538: The Toronto After Dark Film Festival where it took home the top prize of BEST FILM, as well as five other awards. In 2012 Father's Day was featured on the cover of Rue Morgue magazine and won Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Male Performance, and Best Special Effects at The Fantastic Planet/A Night of Horror International film festival . This is rare for a film that cost only ten thousand dollars to make. On October 31, 2012, Father's Day

4141-502: The US Army to form an officer training program for both Army and Navy officers. The contract allowed the university to remain open during the war. Enrollment hit all-time highs as returning veterans took advantage of the G.I. Bill in the mid-to-late 1940s. During World War II, President Whelan was openly critical of the treatment of Japanese Americans and the establishment of Japanese internment camps . In 1949, Father Charles Cassassa

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4242-473: The 16th president in 2015. LMU is located on the Del Rey Hills in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles . It overlooks the former site of Hughes Aircraft. The original 99 acres (40 ha) were donated to the university by Harry Culver , a prominent real-estate developer. Xavier Hall, named for St. Francis Xavier , and St. Robert's Hall, named after St. Robert Bellarmine , a cardinal and Doctor of

4343-460: The Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Incoming students for 2022 come from 45 states and 64 countries. U.S. News & World Report classifies Loyola Marymount's selectivity as "more selective". The Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts includes twenty-five undergraduate programs of study as well as five graduate programs. It embodies the wider university goals of liberal education, which

4444-612: The CEO of the newly created Warner Bros. Discovery , during his search for a new head of DC Films . The duo impressed Zaslav who decided to appoint them as the co-chairpersons and CEOs of DC Films, rebranded as "DC Studios", with control over films, animation and television projects based on characters from DC Comics . Gunn oversees the creative aspects and will be exclusive to Warner Bros. Discovery during his tenure, except for his prior commitments to Disney. The two assumed their positions on November 1, 2022. In December 2022, Gunn announced that he

4545-399: The Chicken Dead (2006). In 2012, the company officially released many of its films on YouTube . However, their YouTube channel was eventually terminated for not meeting community standards. As of 2023, Troma's slogan is "50 years of Disrupting Media." Its slogan in 2014 was "40 years of Disrupting Media". Before that, the slogan was "30 Years of Reel Independent Cinema". Another slogan

4646-638: The Church, were the first two buildings to be built on the current Westchester Campus. Following their completion in 1929, Xavier Hall housed both the Jesuit Faculty and the students at the time while St. Robert's Hall served as the academic and administrative building. Sacred Heart Chapel and the Regents Bell Tower were the next non-residential structures to be built on the campus (1953–55). The Malone Student Center, named after Lorenzo M. Malone, an alumnus of

4747-469: The Crapper , which cost $ 250,000 despite most of the footage being completely unusable. India Allen , one of the producers, backed out of the film halfway through, and sued Troma, citing breach of contract , slander, sexual harassment, trade slander, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Kaufman supervised a reshoot in an attempt to salvage the film, dividing the footage into two parts and recasting

4848-483: The Director would be a Jesuit. By 1986 this requirement was waived when Sr. Margaret Mary Dolan, R.S.H.M. became the director. Dolan, an alumna of Marymount College's class of 1958, received her Master's from LMU in 1974 and also served the university as a campus minister, director of alumni relations, residence hall minister, and alumni chaplain since 1973. In 2008, as part of the university's Centennial Capital Campaign, it

4949-472: The Galaxy cast members Chris Pratt , Zoe Saldana , Dave Bautista , Bradley Cooper , Vin Diesel , Sean Gunn , Karen Gillan , Pom Klementieff and Michael Rooker released a joint statement through social media expressing their support for Gunn. Because of the situation, Sony Pictures decided to not promote the horror film Brightburn , which Gunn produced, at the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con . However, when

5050-407: The Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), The Suicide Squad (2021), and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023). In 2022, Warner Bros. Discovery hired Gunn and Peter Safran to become co-chairmen and co-CEOs of DC Studios . Under DC Studios, Gunn will co-produce and executive produce every film and television series under the upcoming DC Universe (DCU) media franchise alongside Safran, which will act as

5151-502: The Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017). Gunn was slated to direct Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 in July 2018, but before the project started, Disney severed ties with Gunn as the director amid controversy over off-color jokes he had tweeted . Gunn was rehired in March 2019 after a mass public appeal, many saying he was the reason of the previous movies' successes. In October 2018, Gunn was hired to write

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5252-461: The Marymount name with an agreement that the traditions and heritage of both the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary and the Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange would be retained. Subsequently, the institution was renamed Marymount College of Orange. During the academic year, it remained a college for women religious seeking their baccalaureate degrees; college courses were offered to men and women during

5353-464: The Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary and promotes a dialogue between faith and culture as expressed in fine, performing, literary and communication arts. Loyola Marymount's Office of Campus Ministry is a component to the promotion of the university's mission and identity. Founded in 1911 as the University Chaplain, this division became known as Campus Ministry in 1973 with a stipulation that

5454-671: The STAR department that explore fine art practices in two-dimensional design, ceramics, typography, visual thinking, and graphic design. The current dean of the College of Communication and Fine Arts is Bryant Alexander. Pulitzer Prize -winning playwright Beth Henley teaches playwriting in the Theatre Department. Colin Hanks transferred to LMU from the acting program and Chapman University . Linda Cardellini and Busy Philipps are also alumni from

5555-475: The Sacred Heart of Mary began teaching local young women in 1923. After invitation by Bishop John Cantwell , seven sisters of the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary, led by Mother Cecilia Rafter, formed an elementary school which developed into Marymount High School . Within a decade, high student demand prompted the Marymount sisters to open Marymount Junior College in Westwood in 1933. Mother Gertrude Cain

5656-564: The Student Governments of Loyola University (ASLU—Associated Students of Loyola University) and Marymount College (ASMC—Associated Students of Marymount College) joined to form the Associated Students of Loyola and Marymount (ASLM). Loyola University and Marymount College officially merged and assumed the name Loyola Marymount University in 1973. The expanded university retained its roots of Catholic higher education and incorporated

5757-853: The Theatre Department. Many of the faculty in the department are currently working in the industry. The College of Business Administration teaches effective principles and practice of business through foundation building, undergraduate programs, and flexible graduate programs for advancing professionals. It is home to eight undergraduate programs of study as well as an MBA program for graduate studies. The Frank R. Seaver College of Science and Engineering contains undergraduate and graduate programs. Graduate programs are offered in civil, electrical and mechanical engineering, in environmental science, in computer science, in systems engineering, and in dual program called systems engineering and leadership (SE+MBA). The School of Education at Loyola Marymount has four undergraduate and nine graduate programs of study including

5858-551: The US government. Troma's War was a box office bomb. In the aftermath of the film's poor performance, despite another stab at the superhero genre with Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D. , Troma experienced financial hardship and tried to reestablish itself as a smaller company mostly out of necessity. From 1995 to 2000, Troma had a period of creativity and produced some of their greatest work. Kaufman directed three independent films, all distributed in limited theatrical releases: Tromeo and Juliet ,

5959-565: The Vincentian Fathers were commissioned by Bishop Thaddeus Amat y Brusi to found the school in Los Angeles . Father John Asmuth was the first President Rector. Classes were held for two years in the Lugo Adobe on the east side of the Plaza while a new campus building remained under construction. The historic building, donated by Don Vicente Lugo, was one of few two-story adobes in the city at

6060-606: The Vincentians left educational ministry. Bishop Thomas Conaty appointed the Jesuits as the Vincentians replacement. The group moved the college to a larger property and renamed the school Los Angeles College. The campus consisted of several bungalows at Avenue 52, Highland Park, Los Angeles. The old campus became St. Vincent's School. In 1922, St. Vincent's campus was sold. Over time, the historic buildings of old St. Vincent's College have been torn down and replaced by developments such as

6161-741: The catalog. For instance, My Neighbor Totoro was originally released by Troma's subsidiary 50th Street Films, but only for a short time, and only for U.S. theatrical release. Others were briefly licensed for distribution on VHS such as Femme Fontaine Killer Babe for the C.I.A. which was one of Troma Team Video's original launch titles along with Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D. and Class of Nuke 'em High Part III: The Good, The Bad and The Subhumanoid . Some titles, such as Maniac Nurses Find Ecstasy , are included on this list because they were previously listed but no longer appear in Troma's catalog. Troma has also created/acquired specialty distributors for its films. Most of

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6262-813: The company has used is "Movies of the Future." The company also has its own streaming service called Troma Now. The name "Troma" (pronounced "Trauma") is a neologism derived from the Greek word "tromos" (τρόμος), meaning "horror," which comes from the Proto-Indo-European root "trem-," meaning "to tremble." Troma films are B-movies known for their surrealistic or automatistic nature, along with their use of shocking imagery; some would categorize them as "shock exploitation films ". They typically contain overt sexuality, nudity, and intentionally sadistic, gory, and blatant graphic violence , so much so that Troma film has become

6363-597: The deans of the Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts, College of Business Administration, College of Communication and Fine Arts, Seaver College of Science and Engineering, School of Education, School of Film and Television, and University Libraries operate), senior vice president for administration, senior vice president & chief financial officer, senior vice president for student affairs, senior vice president for university relations, and senior vice president Fritz B. Burns Dean of Loyola Law School. The Jesuit Community

6464-1132: The director of the upcoming Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 film at the time; Gunn responded: "I have regretted [those jokes] for many years since. [...] Regardless of how much time has passed, I understand and accept the business decisions taken today. Even these many years later, I take full responsibility for the way I conducted myself then. All I can do now [is offer] my sincere and heartfelt regret [...] To everyone inside my industry and beyond, I again offer my deepest apologies." Walt Disney Studios 's decision received criticism from many entertainers and journalists, including actors Dave Bautista , Selma Blair , Patton Oswalt , David Dastmalchian , Michael Ian Black , Mikaela Hoover , Mike Colter , Alex Winter , David Hasselhoff , directors Joe Carnahan and Fede Álvarez , comics artist Jim Starlin , musician Rhett Miller , comedian Jim Jefferies , Rick and Morty creators Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon , journalist David A. French and Troma Entertainment founder and president Lloyd Kaufman . Bobcat Goldthwait , who worked as

6565-402: The educational traditions of the Jesuits, Marymount sisters, and Orange sisters into one institution. The ASLM became known as the Associated Students of Loyola Marymount University (ASLMU). Father Donald Merrifield , who first assumed the presidency of Loyola University in 1969, continued his role after the merger. The academic vice president of Marymount College, Sister Renee Harrangue, became

6666-742: The fall of 2021. Unlike some other film programs, LMU film students own the intellectual property rights to the films they create while they are in college. The School of Film and Television offers bachelor's degrees in Film and Television Production, Screenwriting, Animation, and Recording Arts along with a minor in Film Studies and also Master's programs in Writing and Producing for Television, Film and Television Production, and Feature Film Screenwriting. A range of advanced facilities and equipment are available to students, including two soundstages, advanced editing labs,

6767-524: The film as a double feature. Tales from the Crapper was released on DVD in September 2004. Currently, Troma produces and acquires independent films, despite financial hardships and limitations. Troma Films has distributed many films from third parties including Trey Parker 's Cannibal! The Musical . Lloyd encourages independent filmmaking , making cameo appearances in many low-budget horror films, occasionally without fee. Among his more recent appearances

6868-672: The films made by Troma Entertainment take place in the fictional New Jersey city of Tromaville , known as the "Toxic Chemical Capital of the World." Examples include the Toxic Avenger films and the Class of Nuke 'Em High films. Another film worth mentioning takes place in a post-apocalyptic Tromaville titled A Nymphoid Barbarian In Dinosaur Hell . The following is a list of films that either take place in, or mention, Tromaville. Loyola Marymount Also: Loyola Marymount University ( LMU )

6969-406: The financial demise of Troma. At one time, it was the highest-selling VHS release for Troma. The Toxic Avenger was turned into a musical which debuted at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick, New Jersey , and opened in New York in the fall of 2008. The Toxic Avenger Musical book by Joe DiPietro, the author of the long-running I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change and All Shook Up ,

7070-421: The financial demise of the company Troma itself, the sequels to the film were box office bombs , and the cartoon adaptation quickly ended. The Toxic Avenger character is now Troma's official mascot . Kaufman's follow-up film to The Toxic Avenger was Class of Nuke 'Em High , co-directed with Richard W. Haines. The film was a hit nearly as successful, though it inspired two unsuccessful sequels, both following

7171-469: The finished films on DVD. 2009 marked the last time Tromadance was held in Utah; the festival was subsequently relocated to Asbury Park, New Jersey . In 2014, the festival moved to New York City, and since 2020 has been held at The Mahoning Drive-In Theater . Kaufman has also had some success with several non-fiction books and a novelization of The Toxic Avenger . Released in 1998, All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from The Toxic Avenger

7272-513: The first three books. In the video series, Kaufman interviews famous and infamous filmmakers about various filmmaking subjects. In 2006, a novelization of The Toxic Avenger was released. It was co-written by Kaufman and long-time Troma employee Adam Jahnke. Also see List of Troma Team Video titles for a complete list of films distributed by Troma Entertainment. Below is a list of some Troma distributed films. Some titles which have at one time, or another, been distributed by Troma Inc. have left

7373-567: The first trailer for the film was released on December 8, 2018, Gunn's name was prominently featured. The film opened in May 2019. In March 2019, Gunn was reinstated by Disney as director of the film after meeting with Alan Horn , chairman of Walt Disney Studios. Gunn started production on Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 in October 2021, after The Suicide Squad had been completed. Gunn and frequent producing partner Peter Safran had advised David Zaslav ,

7474-552: The independent film Tromeo and Juliet . Working alongside his mentor Lloyd Kaufman , the co-founder of Troma, Gunn learned how to write screenplays, produce films, scout locations, direct actors, distribute films, and create his own poster art. After contributing to several other Troma films, Gunn in 2000 wrote, produced and performed in the superhero comedy The Specials , directed by Craig Mazin and featuring Rob Lowe , Thomas Haden Church , Paget Brewster , Judy Greer and Jamie Kennedy . Gunn's first major Hollywood screenplay

7575-408: The interior remodel in April 2001. The building, which houses the university's Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts, is constructed of steel and concrete and is divided into seven structures above ground. In 2022 The Princeton Review ranked LMU as having the fourth-most beautiful campus in America. CampusSqueeze college e-zine ranked LMU as having the third-most beautiful campus in America. LMU has

7676-505: The mid-1970s, Kaufman and Herz began producing, directing, and distributing raunchy sex comedies such as The First Turn-On! and Squeeze Play! . Troma provided production support for Louis Malle 's My Dinner with Andre , for which Kaufman served as a production manager. In 1984, Troma had a hit with the violent comedy horror superhero film The Toxic Avenger . The film went on to become Troma's most popular, spawning sequels and an animated television program. However, following

7777-536: The original Dawn of the Dead at the Tivoli Theatre in St. Louis. At the age of 12, he began making 8 mm zombie films with his brothers in the woods near their home. Gunn and his brothers all attended the Jesuit St. Louis University High School , where he graduated in 1984. He went on to earn a Bachelor of Arts from Saint Louis University . While at Saint Louis University, Gunn created political cartoons for

7878-422: The provost. During Father Merrifield's tenure, thirteen new buildings were constructed on Loyola Marymount's main campus. Father Merrifield oversaw the expansion of Loyola Law School 's campus in Pico-Union , near downtown Los Angeles . Merrifield and the university commissioned architect Frank Gehry to design the new campus, which was needed to accommodate increased enrollment. Merrifield also implemented

7979-524: The same time as the Sundance Festival to accentuate their true independence from the mainstream. The festival screens submitted movies from independent filmmakers from around the world, the best of which are usually released on DVD by Troma or compiled in the Best of Tromadance series. In parallel, Troma acts as adviser to aspiring filmmakers with Kaufman teaching classes, contributing cameos and often releasing

8080-459: The school's rules prevented African-American players, including Loyola team member Bill English, to play on their field. Loyola University also continued as an all-male school until its merger with Marymount College in 1973, with several notable exceptions. At the time of the 1965 Watts riots , Loyola and Marymount were predominantly white institutions. In response to the riots and the evolving local civil rights movement, Black students organized

8181-475: The school's student weekly, The University News . Gunn said that, at an unspecified time in his college education, "I went to two years undergraduate film school at Loyola Marymount in Los Angeles . But I was pretty screwed up at the time, and had to leave. Years later I went to graduate school at the Columbia University School of Fine Arts but I studied prose writing, not film writing." He earned

8282-463: The segment "Beezel") and the 2012 hack-and-slash video game Lollipop Chainsaw . James Francis Gunn Jr. was born on August 5, 1966 in St. Louis, Missouri , to parents James F. Gunn, an attorney, and Leota "Lee" (Hynek). He was raised Catholic in the St. Louis suburb of Manchester, Missouri . He has five siblings — actor Sean , actor and political writer Matt , screenwriter Brian , Patrick, and Beth. Gunn

8383-636: The sisters lived on campus in the Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center. In 1999, they donated the building to the university and moved into residential houses off campus. The Western American provincial center, which had been in the Leavey center, was moved to Montebello . The Marymount Sisters sponsor the Marymount Institute for Faith, Culture, and the Arts which attempts to preserve the transformative educational tradition of

8484-468: The story for Grasshopper Manufacture 's video game Lollipop Chainsaw , working with game designer Suda 51 . In July 2018, in reaction to Gunn's public criticisms of Donald Trump , commentator Mike Cernovich drew attention to controversial jokes that Gunn posted on social media between 2008 and 2012 involving pedophilia and the Holocaust . Amid criticism of the tweets, Disney severed ties with Gunn as

8585-897: The summers at the Orange campus. However, in the same year, Marymount College began its affiliation with Loyola University, moving its four-year program at the Palos Verdes campus to the Westchester campus of Loyola University. By the mid-1960s, Loyola University of Los Angeles had unsuccessfully petitioned the Archbishop of Los Angeles , Cardinal James Francis McIntyre , to allow coeducation for several years. In 1967, McIntyre permitted Sister McKay to begin an affiliation with Loyola University. In 1968 when Marymount's baccalaureate program moved to Loyola's Westchester campus; this arrangement of two independent schools on one campus continued for five years. In 1970,

8686-444: The time, standing across Alameda Street between the Plaza and Union Station (near Olvera Street ). The new 7th Street campus, a stone building now called St. Vincent's Place , encompassed a block bounded by Fort ( Broadway ), 6th, Hill, and 7th streets. In 1869, St. Vincent's was accredited by the state. In 1887, the college moved to a new campus, bordered by Grand Avenue, Washington Boulevard, Hope Street, and 18th. The campus had

8787-403: The undergraduate division of Loyola relocated to the present Westchester campus in 1930, becoming Loyola University of Los Angeles. Loyola Law School did not move with the rest of the university, but in 1964 was reestablished at a Frank Gehry -designed campus in downtown Los Angeles . As enrollment dropped during World War II , University President Father Edward Whelan brokered a deal with

8888-562: The university and former dean of students and treasurer of the university, was completed in 1958 and renovated in 1996. LMU now houses 36 academic, athletic, administrative, and event facilities as well as twelve on-campus residence halls and six on-campus apartment complexes. The campus houses four large open grass areas not reserved exclusively for athletic play. LMU acquired the 1,000,000-square-foot (93,000 m ) building in January 2000 from Raytheon , which bought Hughes Aircraft. LMU completed

8989-416: The university. In 2010, Loyola Marymount President, Father Robert B. Lawton , announced his retirement. Lawton cited health problems, including a slow recovery from a 2009 back surgery, as the main reason for his departure. He had served as president since 1999. David W. Burcham became the first lay president in the school's history. Burcham held the office from 2010 to 2015. Timothy Law Snyder became

9090-447: The university. When Dolan died in 2009, more than 1,000 people returned to campus for two days of liturgies celebrating her life. Located at the north end of the university, Sacred Heart Chapel is the main worship space on campus. A basilica-style church, Sacred Heart has two side altars and the Mary chapel, which is located behind the crucifix, in addition to the main chapel space. The chapel

9191-429: Was Scooby-Doo in 2002. In 2004, he wrote the screenplays for the remake of Dawn of the Dead and the sequel Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed . With these films, Gunn became the first screenwriter to have two films top the box office in consecutive weeks. That same year, he executive produced and starred in the mockumentary LolliLove , directed by and starring his then-wife Jenna Fischer . His film directorial debut

9292-473: Was also to receive a remake, expected to be directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and produced by Brett Ratner . At the time, Kaufman also said that he was negotiating a deal for a remake of Class of Nuke 'Em High . Shortly thereafter, Troma and Starz Entertainment entered into an agreement for the production of Return to Nuke Em High as a two-volume title. The first volume was released in theaters and on home video. The second volume, delayed due to funding issues,

9393-438: Was announced that an $ 8 million fundraising goal was set to endow the office as the "Peg Dolan, RSHM Campus Ministry Center" in honor of Dolan's contributions to the university. The same year, the university asked her to address the class of 2008 at the undergraduate commencement exercises and she was awarded an honorary doctorate. At the dedication ceremony in September 2008, over 700 alumni returned to campus to honor her legacy at

9494-440: Was going to write and direct Pets , a comedy about a man who is abducted by aliens who want to turn him into a household pet, with Ben Stiller , Stuart Cornfeld and Jeremy Kramer producing. However, by March 2009, Gunn announced, " Pets unfortunately, is done. I'm gone. I left the project for various reasons. I hope it sees the light of day somehow, but it won't be with me attached as director." In 2010, Gunn released Super ,

9595-637: Was named president. His work included the formation of a graduate division on the Westchester campus in June 1950. As well as the establishment of the Teacher Education Program during the preceding two years. Cassassa also expanded campus infrastructure and established the Institute of Human Relations to promote improved racial relations in business and government. In 1950, he ordered the school's football team to forfeit an away game against Texas Western since

9696-532: Was refused classification in Australia, which makes it effectively illegal to sell or exhibit the film. A second censored version was eventually passed with an R18+ rating. In August 2012, Troma released over 100 of its back catalog films on YouTube , many for free, some for 48-hour paid viewing. However, their YouTube channel was terminated in 2020 and 2023 for not meeting community standards, but has since been reinstated. On April 7, 2010, Kaufman confirmed that

9797-449: Was released the same year. The music is by David Bryan , keyboardist of the rock band Bon Jovi . Soon after Class of Nuke 'Em High was completed and distributed, Kaufman directed Troma's War . Intended as a criticism of what it saw as Ronald Reagan 's attempt to glamorize war, the story concerns a group of everyday people who crash land on a remote island, only to find it populated by an isolationist militia that intends to overthrow

9898-472: Was stated on its Kickstarter website in January 2017 to be nearing completion. In 2015, Troma launched a streaming service called Troma Now, which offers many of the films distributed by Troma to subscribers. The service offers subscribers a free trial month, after which they need to pay a monthly fee of US$ 4.99. Troma holds an annual Tromadance Festival , originally taking place in Park City , Utah at

9999-576: Was the 2006 horror-comedy Slither , which was included on Rotten Tomatoes' list of the 50 Best Ever Reviewed Horror Movies. Gunn's next projects included the comedy short film "Humanzee!" which was originally intended exclusively for the Xbox Live's Horror Meets Comedy series of short comedy films by horror directors, it was replaced with "Sparky and Mikaela" which debuted on Xbox Live on December 31, 2008. In an April 2009 interview on The Jace Hall Show , Gunn described "Sparky and Mikaela" as being "about

10100-553: Was the first president of the junior college and guided its development into a four-year college. In 1948, the college assumed the name Marymount College of Los Angeles. In 1960, having outgrown its shared Westwood campus, Marymount College moved its programs to the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southwestern Los Angeles, becoming Marymount California University . In 1967 Sister Raymunde McKay, president of Marymount College, alongside Sister Mary Felix Montgomery General Superior of

10201-451: Was writing a film about a young Superman during his early years in Metropolis , later revealed to be titled Superman and scheduled for release in July 2025; in March 2023 it was confirmed Gunn would also direct the project. In January 2023, Gunn and Safran revealed their plans for future DCU films, with the first chapter being titled "Gods and Monsters". Gunn was also revealed to be writing

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