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38-665: He was the eldest of two sons and four daughters born to Hannah ( née Nicholson) Gallatin and Albert Gallatin, the 4th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury who served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom and France . His siblings were Catherine, Sophia, Hannah Marie, Frances, and Albert Rolaz Gallatin. Catherine, Sophia and Hannah Marie died as infants while his sister Frances married Byam Kerby Stevens (a son of Gen. Ebenezer Stevens ) and his brother Albert Rolaz married Mary Lucille Stevens (a granddaughter of Gen. Stevens). His father

76-399: A specific individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning as well) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun . Other nouns are sometimes called " common names " or ( obsolete ) " general names ". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or

114-471: A wide variety of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This variety makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences , several names across South and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words. For some Indians, their birth name is different from their official name;

152-442: A woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote a man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but

190-509: A naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures it is common for one syllable in a two-syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandfather. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon,

228-409: A person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote

266-412: A quarter of an hour. Amongst other things His Majesty intimated a wish that Father would be sent as Minister to Paris adding, "you must not forget that your family belonged to France, before you belonged to America." The Duchess talked to me most graciously, asked me about my Mother and said "You are too young to begin political life. I assured her I was 18; she exclaimed "Mais c'est un bebe." Monsieur David

304-588: A scientist can give an element a name. The word name comes from Old English nama ; cognate with Old High German (OHG) namo , Sanskrit नामन् ( nāman ), Latin nomen , Greek ὄνομα ( onoma ), and Persian نام ( nâm ), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥ . Outside Indo-European, it can be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime . A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things. Parents may follow

342-476: Is matronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one's mother. In some East Asian cultures , it is traditional for given names to include a generation name , a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation. Middle names are also used by many people as a third identifier, and can be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular practice in

380-407: Is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated. In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (also called a given name or first name) and a surname (also called a last name or family name because it is shared by members of the same family). Some people have two surnames, one inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and

418-462: Is an instance of a city ). From a historical perspective, the term Named Entity was coined during the MUC-6 evaluation campaign and contained ENAMEX (entity name expressions e.g. persons, locations and organizations) and NUMEX (numerical expression). A more formal definition can be derived from the rigid designator by Saul Kripke . In the expression "Named Entity", the word "Named" aims to restrict

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456-493: Is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to. In information extraction , a named entity is a real-world object , such as a person, location, organization, product, etc., that can be denoted with a proper name . It can be abstract or have a physical existence. Examples of named entities include Barack Obama , New York City , Volkswagen Golf , or anything else that can be named. Named entities can simply be viewed as entity instances (e.g., New York City

494-403: Is not a named entity since it can be used to refer to many different objects in different worlds (in different presidential periods referring to different persons, or even in different countries or organizations referring to different people). Rigid designators usually include proper names as well as certain natural terms like biological species and substances. There is also a general agreement in

532-471: Is often a neologism or pseudoword , such as Kodak or Sony . In the ancient world, particularly in the ancient near-east ( Israel , Mesopotamia , Egypt , Persia ) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity. This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as

570-417: Is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition , the term z domu (literally meaning "of

608-475: The Americas, the given name typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to take her husband's surname when she gets married. A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one's father. A less common practice in countries

646-677: The Continental Navy. While his father helped broker the Treaty of Ghent , which ended the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States, James acted as his personal secretary during this diplomatic trip. After the success at Ghent, the Gallatins traveled to France just as Napoleon arrived at Cannes after escaping Elba . James' diary includes a detailed look into the lives of the nobles as they faced

684-585: The United States), and to perpetuate family names. The practice of using middle names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, not exactly used the way middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual attribute or the specific branch of a person's family). Middle names eventually fell out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during

722-561: The birth name starts with a randomly selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth). Many children are given three names, sometimes as a part of religious teaching. We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are

760-750: The car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum , after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation. Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty. Many numbers (e.g., bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers , even phone numbers all have an internal convention. A personal name

798-456: The child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David , son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this style of name is still used in Jewish religious rites. Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions , which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics . India 's population speaks

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836-424: The common understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus ). This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example

874-471: The course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace , and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without war . Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family." Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known as

912-402: The eldest son gets the family name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the place of birth. Major naming conventions include: Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette . Sometimes there is a name for

950-495: The entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of

988-546: The great Artist has requested Father to allow me to pose to him for Cupid, Father has consented and I sit tomorrow. Gallatin succeeded his father as the president of the Gallatin National Bank in 1839. After his retirement in 1868 he relocated to Paris , France . His journal entries from his 1814-15 voyage were published in the September 1914 issue of Scribner's Magazine and include a detailed historical account of

1026-459: The house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent . A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely,

1064-661: The institution of the Abrahamic covenant ( Genesis 17 :4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven . This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Catholic teaching was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions. Proper names are "saturated with meaning". Throughout the Bible , characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or describe

1102-598: The negotiations and infighting between the American representatives as well as with the British delegates. However, Raymond Walters, biographer of Albert Gallatin, and other historians believe the diary to be a forgery. Walters wrote "... I reached the conclusion that the diary is a complete fraud." Walters notes that no manuscript for the diary has survived or was ever known to have been seen by anybody other than James Gallatin. In April 1834, after deciding against marrying Eliza Astor,

1140-645: The nineteenth century. Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may also have nicknames , aliases , or titles . Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a short form of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a fake name, instead of their real name, possibly to protect or obscure their identity. People may also have titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use various terms such as king , Queen , duke , or duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to

1178-451: The parents of: James styled himself Count Gallatin, though his right to the title was disputed, but he was known to his own family as "bad Jimmy". Gallatin died on May 29, 1876, in Paris. His widow also died in Paris in 1885. Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname , the given name , or

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1216-525: The possible set of entities to only those for which one or many rigid designators stands for the referent. A designator is rigid when it designates the same thing in every possible world. On the contrary, flaccid designators may designate different things in different possible worlds. As an example, consider the sentence, "Biden is the president of the United States". Both "Biden" and the "United States" are named entities since they refer to specific objects ( Joe Biden and United States ). However, "president"

1254-553: The same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the same. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such as Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc. The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins and green-rumped parrotlets also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will respond even when there

1292-535: The stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away. In the Old Testament , the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed " Abraham " and " Sarah " at

1330-505: The threat of Napoleon's return. At one point, he is asked by the famous artist Jacques-Louis David to sit as a cherub for his painting l'Amour et Psyche : 3 March 1815. — We were received privately this morning by the King, only the Duchesse d'Angouleme was present. She looked very sad. The King moved to the embrasure of a window, motioning to Father to follow him, they remained in conversation for

1368-401: The throne). In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name), while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name). Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name

1406-578: The youngest daughter of John Jacob Astor , Gallatin was married to Josephine Mary Pascault (1801–1885), a daughter of Louis Pascault, Marquis de Poleon , who built Pascault Row in Baltimore. Her elder sister Henriette married the French General Jean-Jacques Reubell (who came to Baltimore with Jerome Bonaparte , later King of Westphalia ) and her other sister, Eleanora, married Gen. Columbus O'Donnell of Baltimore. Together, they were

1444-595: Was born to a wealthy family in Geneva , Switzerland , the son of Jean Gallatin and his wife Sophie Albertine Rollaz. His maternal grandparents were Frances Witter Nicholson and Commodore James Nicholson , an officer in the Continental Navy during the Revolutionary War . His grandfather was from a well-connected Maryland family and was the elder brother to Samuel and John Nicholson , both of whom were also officers in

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