Misplaced Pages

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70-679: State Route 46 ( SR 46 ) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California . It is a major crossing of the Coast Ranges and it is the southernmost crossing of the Diablo Range , connecting SR 1 on the Central Coast near Cambria and US 101 in Paso Robles with SR 99 at Famoso in the San Joaquin Valley . The road that is now SR 46 was built and improved during

140-556: A concrete barrier and rumble strips . In 2006, Caltrans identified SR 46 as a "critical east-west corridor connecting the Central Coast and Central Valley areas of California", in an environmental impact statement that approved the road's expansion. In 2010, the first stretch of newly widened road opened in Paso Robles, utilizing funds from a 2006 statewide ballot proposition . A series of additional projects and progressed eastward over

210-400: A halt on significant compaction and a recovery in ground water levels now with less ground water pumping. The aqueduct has been increasing in subsidence rates rapidly, even though it was relatively stable for many years after being constructed. The Tulare Basin is subsiding at a rate of about one foot per year, as measured by NASA's GRACE satellite. The Central Valley, where a large portion of

280-592: A letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964 , based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers to an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( for a full list of prefixes, see California postmile § Official postmile definitions ). Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines;

350-499: A long segment, built at a slight grade, and arrives at a pumping station powered by Path 66 or Path 15 . The pumping station raises the water, where it again gradually flows downhill to the next station. However, where there are substantial drops, the water's potential energy is recaptured by hydroelectric plants. The initial pumping station fed by the Sacramento River Delta raises the water 240 ft (73 m), while

420-475: A named route branch) Trans-Canada route marker is co-signed with a numbered provincial sign, with the provincial route often continuing alone outside the Trans-Canada Highway section. However, in the western provinces, the two parallel Trans-Canada routes are consistently numbered with Trans-Canada route markers; as Highways 1 and 16 respectively. Canada also has a designated National Highway System , but

490-526: A population of at least 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the relevant municipalities. The state highway that cross towns or villages with a population of less than 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the municipality, subject to authorization from ANAS . State highways in India are numbered highways that are laid and maintained by state governments . Mexico 's State Highway System

560-568: A relatively straight roadway built in the 1970s, bypassing the steep, curvy Santa Rosa Creek Road. After passing near several wineries, this first segment ends at US 101 north of Templeton , where SR 46 turns north, overlapping the US 101 freeway through the valley formed by the Salinas River to central Paso Robles. Immediately after splitting from US 101, SR 46 crosses the Salinas River, passing near

630-575: A series of pumps culminating at the Edmonston Pumping Plant raises the water 1,926 ft (587 m) over the Tehachapi Mountains. A typical section has a concrete -lined channel 40 feet (12 m) at the base and an average water depth of about 30 ft (9.1 m). The widest section of the aqueduct is 110 feet (34 m) and the deepest is 32 feet (9.8 m). Channel capacity is 13,100 cubic feet per second (370 m /s) and

700-673: A short distance in the city of Wasco, and then SR 46 passes over Calloway Canal and Friant Canal before it ends at SR 99 in Famoso. The county-maintained Famoso Road continues east across SR 65 and into the Sierra Nevada foothills. East of Paso Robles, SR 46 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System , and east of US 101 is part of the National Highway System , a network of highways that are considered essential to

770-723: A steady increase since its relatively stable state post construction of the aqueduct. The aqueduct serves 35 million people and 5.7 million acres of farmland, and begins at the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta at the Banks Pumping Plant , which pumps from the Clifton Court Forebay . Water is pumped by the Banks Pumping Plant to the Bethany Reservoir . The reservoir serves as a forebay for

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840-608: A three-digit number designation, preceded by D . Provincial roads ( Turkish : İl yolu ) are secondary roads, maintained by respective local governments with the support of the KGM. The roads have a four-digit numbering grouped as two pairs, pairs are separated by a dash. First pair represents the license number of that province . State highways are generally a mixture of primary and secondary roads, although some are freeways (for example, State Route 99 in California, which links many of

910-732: Is 100 km/h, with reductions when one passes through a densely populated area. The highways in New Zealand are all state highways, and the network consists of SH 1 running the length of both main islands, SH 2–5 and 10–58 in the North Island, and SH 6–8 and 60–99 in the South Island. National and provincial highways are numbered approximately north to south. State Highway 1 runs the length of both islands. Local highways ( Korean :  지방도 ; Hanja :  地方道 ; RR :  Jibangdo ; MR :  Chipangdo ) are

980-482: Is a system of urban and state routes constructed and maintained by each Mexican state. The main purpose of the state networks is to serve as a feeder system to the federal highway system. All states except the Federal District operate a road network. Each state marks these routes with a white shield containing the abbreviated name of the state plus the route number. New Zealand state highways are national highways –

1050-427: Is being used to recreate maps to closely watch the progression of the land around the aqueduct. Subsidence can put land, both private and public, at risk of infrastructure damage. Bridges, levees, roads, and groundwater wells are either at risk of damage or have been damaged already. With subsidence progression, underground aquifers could be at risk and water storage from them could be threatened. Damage and sinking of

1120-714: Is both direct and indirect. The Sacramento River , along with its tributaries the Feather River and American River , flows southwards through the Sacramento Valley for about 447 miles (719 km). In the San Joaquin Valley, the San Joaquin River flows roughly northwest for 365 miles (587 km), picking up tributaries such as the Merced River , Tuolumne River , Stanislaus River and Mokelumne River . In

1190-424: Is divided into provinces and territories, each of which maintains its own system of provincial or territorial highways, which form the majority of the country's highway network. There is also the national transcontinental Trans-Canada Highway system, which is marked by distinct signs, but has no uniform numeric designation across the country. In the eastern provinces, for instance, an unnumbered (though sometimes with

1260-409: Is free to choose a different marker, and most states have. States may choose a design theme relevant to its state (such as an outline of the state itself) to distinguish state route markers from interstate, county, or municipal route markers. California Aqueduct The Governor Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a system of canals, tunnels, and pipelines that conveys water collected from

1330-543: Is located at the base of San Luis Dam , which forms San Luis Reservoir , the largest offstream reservoir in the United States. The Castaic Power Plant, while similar and which is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power , is located on the northern end of Castaic Lake , while Castaic Dam is located at the southern end. Land subsidence has occurred along the aqueduct and has had

1400-563: Is not a road class. The Strade Statali , abbreviated SS, is the Italian national network of state highways. The total length for the network is about 25.000 km (15.534 mi). The Italian state highway network are maintained by ANAS . From 1928 until 1946 state highways were maintained by Azienda Autonoma Statale della Strada (AASS). The next level of roads below Strada Statali is Strada Regionale ("regional roads"). The routes of some state highways derive from ancient Roman roads , such as

1470-540: Is the last pumping plant before Edmonston Pumping Plant , which is 13 mi (21 km) from Chrisman. South of the plant the west branch splits off in a southwesterly direction to serve the Los Angeles Basin . At Edmonston Pumping Plant it is pumped 1,926 ft (587 m) over the Tehachapi Mountains . Water flows through the aqueduct in a series of abrupt rises and gradual falls. The water flows down

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1540-547: Is used in its sense of a sovereign state or country. By this meaning a state highway is a road maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities. Australia 's important urban and inter-regional routes not covered by the National Highway or National Route systems are marked under the State Route system. They can be recognised by blue shield markers. They were practically adopted in all states by

1610-673: Is usually dry nowadays because the rivers feeding it have been diverted for agricultural purposes. The rivers of the Central Valley converge in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta , a complex network of marshy channels, distributaries and sloughs that wind around islands mainly used for agriculture. Here the freshwater of the rivers merges with tidewater, and eventually reach the Pacific Ocean after passing through Suisun Bay , San Pablo Bay , upper San Francisco Bay and finally

1680-406: Is vested in the federal states of Germany. Most federal states use the term Landesstraße (marked with 'L'), while for historical reasons Saxony and Bavaria use the term Staatsstraße (marked with 'S'). The appearance of the shields differs from state to state. The term Land-es-straße should not be confused with Landstraße , which describes every road outside built-up areas and

1750-668: The Angeles National Forest to supply the western Los Angeles basin. It passes through parts of Kern and Los Angeles counties. West Branch facilities include When it was open, the California Aqueduct Bikeway was the longest of the paved paths in the Los Angeles area , at 107 miles (172 km) long from Quail Lake near Gorman in the Sierra Pelona Mountains through the desert to Silverwood Lake in

1820-587: The Golden Gate . Many of the islands now lie below sea level because of intensive agriculture, and have a high risk of flooding, which would cause salt water to rush back into the delta, especially when there is too little fresh water flowing in from the Valley. The Sacramento River carries far more water than the San Joaquin, with an estimated 22 million acre-feet (27 km ) of virgin annual runoff, as compared to

1890-590: The Paso Robles Municipal Airport , and then heads east through a hilly area with several wineries and the community of Whitley Gardens . It then runs partially alongside the Estrella River to a merge with SR 41 near Shandon and a rest area . There, it turns northeast, following Cholame Creek through Cholame Pass between the Cholame Hills and Temblor Range to the settlement of Cholame and

1960-634: The San Bernardino Mountains . This path was closed in 1988 due to bicyclist safety and liability issues. It is expected to remain closed indefinitely due to the continued liability issues and an increased focus on security, especially after the September 11, 2001 attacks . Two major river systems drain and define the two parts of the Central Valley . Their impact on the California Aqueduct

2030-465: The San Joaquin Valley trunk ( Route 4 , now SR 99) near Bakersfield with the coast trunk ( Route 2 , now US 101 in Paso Robles, passing through the Coast Ranges via Cholame Pass . The road was not yet built in 1919 when the Automobile Blue Book recommended only the county-maintained "very poor road" (now SR 58 ) via Simmler as a connection between the valley and Central Coast . By 1925,

2100-690: The Sierra Nevada Mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California . Named after California Governor Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr. , the over 400-mile (640 km) aqueduct is the principal feature of the California State Water Project . The aqueduct begins at the Clifton Court Forebay at the southwestern corner of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta . The aqueduct then heads south, eventually splitting into three branches:

2170-795: The South Bay Aqueduct via the South Bay Pumping Plant . From the Bethany Reservoir, the aqueduct flows by gravity approximately 60 mi (97 km) to the O'Neill Forebay at the San Luis Reservoir . From the O'Neill Forebay, it flows approximately 16 mi (26 km) to the Dos Amigos Pumping Plant . After Dos Amigos, the aqueduct flows about 95 mi (153 km) to where the Coastal Branch splits from

California State Route 46 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-609: The Strada statale 7 Via Appia , which broadly follows the route of the Roman road of the same name . Other examples are the Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia ( Via Aurelia ) and the Strada statale 4 Via Salaria ( Via Salaria ). Since the reforms following the birth of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, the State took charge of the construction and maintenance of a primary network of roads for connections between

2310-672: The "main line". The split is approximately 16 mi (26 km) south-southeast of Kettleman City . After the coastal branch, the line continues by gravity another 66 mi (106 km) to the Buena Vista Pumping Plant. From the Buena Vista, it flows approximately 27 mi (43 km) to the Teerink Pumping Plant. After Teerink it flows about 2.5 mi (4.0 km) to the Chrisman Pumping Plant. Chrisman

2380-547: The 1920s and was fully paved by 1930. The majority of SR 46 was originally designated as U.S. Route 466 ; however, after the latter was entirely removed from the U.S. Highway system , the eastern portion of the route became SR 46. State Route 46 begins at SR 1 southeast of Cambria, about one mile (1.6 km) from the Pacific Ocean . It heads east as the Eric Seastrand Highway across the Santa Lucia Range on

2450-456: The California Aqueduct runs through, has been affected by the pumping of groundwater and subsequent land subsidence. Farmers in and near the Central Valley have become reliant on groundwater especially with recent droughts impacting the amount of readily accessible surface water. However, overuse of groundwater can cause irreversible damage. During the 2011-2017 California drought , a record high drought, groundwater and its storage capabilities in

2520-738: The Cholame Pass highway had been improved, and paving was completed in December 1930. An extension west to Route 56 (now SR 1) near Cambria was added in 1933; however, it ran along Santa Rosa Creek Road, north of today's alignment. The state sign route system was established in 1934 but the majority of Route 33 did not receive a state route designation, instead becoming part of the new U.S. Route 466. However, US 466 turned southwest from Cholame Pass along Legislative Route 125 (modern SR 41) to Morro Bay . Sign Route 41, which followed Legislative Route 125 northeast of Cholame, continued along Route 33 west to

2590-752: The Coastal Branch, ending at Lake Cachuma in Santa Barbara County ; the West Branch, conveying water to Castaic Lake in Los Angeles County ; and the East Branch, connecting Silverwood Lake in San Bernardino County . The Department of Water Resources (DWR) operates and maintains the California Aqueduct, including one pumped-storage hydroelectric plant, Gianelli Power Plant . Gianelli

2660-629: The Devils Den Pump Plant, and terminates at Tank 5 on Vandenberg Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County . The Central Coast Water Authority (CCWA) extension, completed in 1997, is a (30–39 in) (76–99 cm) diameter pipeline that travels 42 mi (68 km) from Vandenberg through Vandenberg Village , Lompoc , Buellton , and Solvang where it terminates at Lake Cachuma in Los Padres National Forest . Coastal Branch facilities include: The aqueduct splits off into

2730-554: The East Branch and West Branch in extreme southern Kern County, north of the Los Angeles County line. The East Branch supplies Lake Palmdale and terminates at Lake Perris , in the area of the San Gorgonio Pass . It passes through parts of Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties. East Branch facilities include: The West Branch continues to head towards its terminus at Pyramid Lake and Castaic Lake in

2800-403: The San Joaquin Valley saw a sharp decline. From October 2011 to September 2015 measurements made on groundwater levels in the San Joaquin Valley's aquifers recorded a loss of 14 km /year, a total of 56 km . During this same period up to 1,000 mm of land subsidence was measured in the San Joaquin Valley. Concerns around groundwater depletion have contributed to legislation to reduce

2870-704: The San Joaquin Valley, SR 46, known as the Paso Robles Highway, follows an almost perfectly straight eastward alignment, crossing SR 33 at Blackwells Corner , passing through the Lost Hills Oil Field , and intersecting I-5 about two miles (3.2 km) past Lost Hills and the crossing of the California Aqueduct . SR 46 then passes through the Semitropic Oil Field about seven miles (11 km) west of Wasco . SR 46 and SR 43 overlap for

California State Route 46 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-452: The San Joaquin's approximately 6 million acre-feet (7.4 km ). Intensive agricultural and municipal water consumption has reduced the present rate of outflow to about 17 million acre-feet (21 km ) for the Sacramento and 3 million acre-feet (3.7 km ) for the San Joaquin; however, these figures still vary widely from year to year. Over 25 million people, living both in

3010-564: The aqueduct passes through parts of Contra Costa, Alameda, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Fresno, and Kings counties. The aqueduct then divides into three branches: the Coastal Branch in the Central Valley, and the East and West Branches after passing over the Tehachapi Mountains . The Coastal Branch splits from the main line 11.3 mi (18.2 km) south-southeast of Kettleman City transiting Kings County , Kern County , San Luis Obispo County , and Santa Barbara County to deliver water to

3080-500: The aqueduct's pumping systems, the study also considered the possibility of supplying power to irrigation systems in the Central Valley to reduce reliance on diesel-powered irrigation pumps. Similar canal-spanning solar installations have been demonstrated in India, including a steel truss design in Gujarat and a suspension cable design in Punjab . From its beginning until its first branch,

3150-409: The canal of the aqueduct has already occurred from subsidence which has made the canal less reliable. Capacity has been compromised due to damage to the canals and therefore has caused problems and delays with delivering the water across the state, as well as higher rates and costs for power and operation. A documentary about the decline of the United States' infrastructure, The Crumbling of America ,

3220-563: The cities of the Central Valley , Route 128 in Massachusetts, or parts of Route 101 in New Hampshire). Each state has its own system for numbering and its own marker. The default marker is a white circle containing a black sans serif number (often inscribed in a black square or slightly rounded square), according to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). However each state

3290-541: The clay compresses, causing subsidence. In cases of groundwater removal, disruption to land on the surface and underground water storage can either be elastic, meaning recoverable, or inelastic, meaning permanent. Coarse-grained sediment which holds groundwater can be drained and recharged with minimal underground and surface level damage and the change that does occur is considered seasonal subsidence. However, fine-grained sediment takes longer to draw water out of and recharge and if groundwater levels are left low for too long,

3360-533: The coast. However, Route 125 had still not been paved between Cholame and Atascadero by the 1950s and so US 466 was moved to the longer but better-quality Route 33 via Paso Robles, replacing SR 41 to Paso Robles and overlapping US 101 to Atascadero. As SR 41 had not been signed over the unpaved road west of Paso Robles, it was truncated to Cholame. US 466 was eliminated in the 1964 renumbering , becoming SR 46 east from Paso Robles. However, instead of going south and west to Morro Bay, SR 46 continued west to Cambria and

3430-455: The coastal cities of San Luis Obispo , Santa Maria , and Santa Barbara . The Coastal Branch is 116 mi (187 km) and has five pump stations. Phase I, an above-ground aqueduct totaling 15 mi (24 km) from where it branches from the California Aqueduct, was completed in 1968. With construction beginning in 1994, Phase II consists of 101 mi (163 km) of a 42–57-inch (1.07–1.45 m) diameter buried pipeline extending from

3500-489: The compaction of the sediment is permanent and causes irreversible land subsidence. This often occurs due to human interference, but can also happen from natural phenomena. Subsidence can happen over very large areas or small little sections of land. This has occurred along the California Aqueduct of the State Water Project since construction. Human causes include; pumping, mining and fracking. Natural causes include; earthquakes, erosion, glacial movement, soil compaction and

3570-614: The corridor, resulting in 17 deaths, and another 38 deaths between 2000 and 2010. The intersection between SR 46 and SR 41, known locally as the Wye , was more accident-prone than the statewide average. The California State Legislature dedicated that intersection as the James Dean Memorial Junction on September 30, 2005, for the 50th anniversary of the actor's death in a car crash near that site. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) carried out an interim safety project west of Cholame in December 1995, mandating daytime headlights and installing thermoplastic striping ,

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3640-403: The country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration . The highway from SR 1 to SR 41 near Cholame is an eligible State Scenic Highway , but it is not officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation . As part of the second state highway bond issue , approved by the state's voters in 1916, Route 33 was created, linking

3710-576: The demand for groundwater and incentivize farmers to use sustainable irrigation practices. Measurement of this subsidence is done in a few ways. Originally, subsidence was recorded based on land surveying, repeating the surveying, and along with monitoring compaction by recording the data from extensometers at multiple sites. Since then, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) has been used along with land surveying to record subsidence and compaction. More recently, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been used to monitor subsidence along with GPS. InSAR

3780-430: The end of the 1980s, and in some states, some less important National Routes were downgraded to State Routes. Each state has or had its own numbering scheme, but do not duplicate National Route numbers in the same state, or nearby routes in another state. As with the National Routes and National Highways, State Routes are being phased out in most states and territories in favour of alphanumeric routes. However, despite

3850-434: The fact that Victoria has fully adopted alphanumeric routes in regional areas, state route numbers are still used extensively within the city of Melbourne as a part of its Metropolitan Route Numbering Scheme . Brazil is another country that is divided into states and has state highways. For example, the longest highway in the state of São Paulo , the Rodovia Raposo Tavares , is designated as SP-270 and SP-295 . Canada

3920-466: The formation of sinkholes. Groundwater use and pumping in the area was the major water use for farmers and agriculture in the 1920s, and over time, this over-pumping resulted in land subsidence and a decline in groundwater-level resources. In time, this resulted in major land subsidence by the 1970s with local areas having 1 to 28 feet of subsidence. With the creation and use of the California Aqueduct along these regions, surface water being transported put

3990-420: The largest pumping plant capacity at Dos Amigos is 15,450 cubic feet per second (437 m /s). A 2021 study published in Nature Sustainability estimated that the installation of solar panels over the canal could potentially reduce annual water evaporation by 11–22 million US gallons per mile (27,000,000–51,000,000 L/km) of canal. While electricity generated by the solar panels could be used by

4060-429: The main cities; in 1865 the Lanza law introduced the classification of roads between national, provincial and municipal (see Annex F, art.10) and the Royal Decree of 17 November 1865, n. 2633 listed the first 38 national roads. Italian state highways are identified by a number and a name. In road signs and maps the number is preceded by the acronym SS, an acronym for strada statale ("state road"). The nomenclature of

4130-464: The major routes that cross the Diablo Range . This route is heavily used when the Grapevine is closed. Truckers who do not want to take SR 58 through Tehachapi can use this route to head to I-5 to the Bay Area , Northern California, and vice versa. Many people from the Bay Area also use this route to head to Tehachapi Pass to head to Interstate 40 , the Antelope Valley , Las Vegas, and Mount Whitney if they do not want to use I-5. Once it enters

4200-453: The next decade. In March 2022, construction began on the section near Cholame that led to the Wye. On April 25, 2023, workers broke ground on constructing a new grade-separated interchange at the James Dean Memorial Junction, which is scheduled to be completed in 2026. The 3.6 mi (5.8 km) portion of SR 46 leading to Kern County, known as the Antelope Grade Section, is scheduled to begin construction in 2026. Except where prefixed with

4270-427: The next important roads under the National highways . The number has two, three, or four digits. Highways with two-digit numbers routes are called State-funded local highways. State roads ( Turkish : Devlet yolu ) are primary roads, mostly under the responsibility of General Directorate of Highways (KGM) except in metropolitan city centers where the responsibility falls into the local government. The roads have

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4340-500: The road via Creston and Atascadero to Morro Bay (which had since been paved) became part of SR 41. A new two-lane expressway carrying SR 46 west from Paso Robles was built in the mid-1970s, replacing Santa Rosa Creek Road. The two-lane stretch from Paso Robles to Cholame was known as "Blood Alley" for the large number of vehicle incidents , mainly head-on collisions , among the high volume of commuters, truck drivers and tourists. Between 1994 and 1999, there were 206 accidents along

4410-444: The south part of the San Joaquin Valley, the alluvial fan of the Kings River and another one from Coast Ranges streams have created a divide and resultantly the currently dry Tulare basin of the Central Valley, into which flow four major Sierra Nevada rivers, the Kings, Kaweah , Tule and Kern . This basin, usually endorheic , formerly filled during heavy snowmelt and spilled out into the San Joaquin River. Called Tulare Lake , it

4480-430: The split with SR 41. After crossing into Kern County , the highway continues to rise as it heads east up the Antelope Grade to a summit near Bluestone Ridge before descending through Polonio Pass into the San Joaquin Valley . State Route 46 takes the southernmost crossing of the Diablo Range , which is one of the routes linking the Central Valley to the coast. Interstate 580 , State Route 152 , and State Route 46 are

4550-400: The start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column. State highway Roads maintained by a state or province include both nationally numbered highways and un-numbered state highways. Depending on the state, "state highway" may be used for one meaning and "state road" or "state route" for the other. In some countries such as New Zealand , the word "state"

4620-532: The state highways managed by ANAS generally follows the SS n scheme, where n is a number ranging from 1 ( Aurelia ) up to 700 (of the Royal Palace of Caserta ) depending on the date of establishment of the state highway. Newly built ANAS roads, not yet classified, are identified by the acronym NSA, an acronym for nuova strada ANAS ("new ANAS road"). State highways can be technically defined as main extra-urban roads (type B road) or as secondary extra-urban roads (type C road). State highways that cross towns with

4690-407: The system is completely unsigned, aside from the Trans-Canada routes. This makes Canada unique in that national highway designations are generally secondary to subnational routes. In Germany , state roads ( Landesstraßen or Staatsstraßen ) are a road class which is ranking below the federal road network ( Bundesstraßen ). The responsibility for road planning, construction and maintenance

4760-439: The valley and in other regions of the state, rely on the water carried by these rivers. Land subsidence is when the land gradually or suddenly sinks or settles due to movement or removal of natural materials such as water, minerals, oil and natural gases. More often than not, subsidence occurs when large quantities of groundwater are removed from sediment or rocks. As groundwater is drawn from deep underground layers of clay,

4830-410: The word "state" in this sense means "government" or "public" (as in state housing and state schools ), not a division of a country. New Zealand's state highway system is a nationwide network of roads covering the North Island and the South Island . As of 2006, just under 100 roads have a "State Highway" designation. The NZ Transport Agency administers them. The speed limit for most state highways

4900-485: Was commissioned by the U.S. A&E network in the late 2000s. The documentary is typically shown on the History television channel in the United States, although other educational broadcasters globally have shown it. It features the Clifton Court Forebay (a primary intake point for California Aqueduct) as a "strategic piece of California freshwater infrastructure" subject to shutdown for up to two years if struck by an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 or greater. The aqueduct

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