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81-609: James Robert Clapper Jr. (born March 14, 1941) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and former Director of National Intelligence . Clapper has held several key positions within the United States Intelligence Community . He served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) from 1992 until 1995. He was the first director of defense intelligence within

162-594: A major general and below a general . The pay grade of lieutenant general is O-9. It is equivalent to the rank of vice admiral in the other United States uniformed services which use naval ranks . It is abbreviated as LTG in the Army, LtGen in the Marine Corps, and Lt Gen in the Air Force and Space Force. The United States Code explicitly limits the total number of generals that may be concurrently active to 231 for

243-613: A "significant threat to the biological and territorial integrity of the Patuxent Research Refuge". The US Army responded that it is "taking steps to limit the environmental damage." After United States Cyber Command was established at the post in 2009; on April 15, 2011, the Defense Information Systems Agency ribbon-cutting for the move from Arlington County, Virginia , was at the agency's Fort Meade complex of 95 acres (38 ha). The consolidation of

324-576: A "staggering" amount of information. In June 2015, the United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) announced that it had been the target of a data breach targeting the records of as many as 18 million people. The Washington Post has reported that the attack originated in China , citing unnamed government officials. Speaking at a forum in Washington, D.C., Clapper warned of the danger posed by

405-1595: A barricade near an entry gate outside of the facility. In the immediate aftermath of the event, the NSA announced that there was "no ongoing security or safety threat." Fort Meade is bordered by the Baltimore–Washington Parkway on the west and is about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Interstate 95 . It is located between Washington, D.C. , and Baltimore . It is located in proximity to Odenton , Columbia , Jessup , Hanover , Laurel , and Severn . Notable military and government units based at Fort George G. Meade. United States Army Civil Affairs & Psychological Operations Command (Airborne) United States Army Corps of Engineers United States Army Criminal Investigation Command United States Army Forces Command United States Army Intelligence & Security Command United States Army Recruiting Command United States Army Reserve United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Maryland Army National Guard Other Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command Marine Corps Information Command Air Combat Command Air Force Reserve Command United States Fleet Cyber Command ( United States Tenth Fleet ) Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency Defense Information Systems Agency Defense Media Activity United States Cyber Command United States Transportation Command Naval Criminal Investigative Service Fort Meade

486-566: A capable adversary such as the Chinese government and said, "You have to kind of salute the Chinese for what they did." In August 2015, fifty intelligence analysts working for United States Central Command (CENTCOM) complained to the Pentagon's Inspector General and the media, alleging that CENTCOM's senior leadership was altering or distorting intelligence reports on the Islamic State of Iraq and

567-412: A common enterprise model . In late fiscal 2013, the shared IT infrastructure reached operating capability with plans to bring on all intelligence agencies over the next few years. On March 12, 2013, during a United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence hearing, Senator Ron Wyden quoted NSA director Keith B. Alexander 's keynote speech at the 2012 DEF CON . Alexander had stated that "Our job

648-574: A contractor for six years myself, so I think I have a good understanding of the contribution that they have made and will continue to make." For the 2006–2007 academic year, Clapper held the position of Georgetown University 's Intelligence and National Security Alliance Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Intelligence. While teaching at Georgetown, he was officially nominated by President George W. Bush to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD(I)) on January 29, 2007, and confirmed by

729-474: A general vacates their three or four-star rank at the termination of their assignment unless placed in an equal ranking billet. Douglas MacArthur , who served as a four-star general and Army Chief of Staff, reverted to two stars after his CoS tour ended but chose to stay on active duty in the United States Army. The practice of using lieutenant general and general grades as a temporary rank continues, with

810-468: A group of 26 senators complained about Clapper's responses under questioning. In November 2016, Clapper resigned as director of national intelligence, effective at the end of President Obama's term. In May 2017, he joined the Washington, D.C.–based think tank the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) as a Distinguished Senior Fellow for Intelligence and National Security. In August 2017, CNN hired Clapper as

891-541: A group of 26 senators sent him a complaint letter opposing the use of a "body of secret law." On July 1, 2013, Clapper apologized, telling Senate Intelligence Committee that "my response was clearly erroneous—for which I apologize." On July 2, Clapper said that he had forgotten about the Patriot Act, which was later clarified that he forgot Section 215 of the act specifically, and therefore had given an "erroneous" answer. On July 2, 2013, journalist Glenn Greenwald accused

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972-678: A listening post in Thailand 's Udon Thani Province , and flew 73 combat support missions in EC-47s , including some over Laos and Cambodia . Later, he commanded a signals intelligence ( SIGINT ) wing at Fort George G. Meade , Maryland, and the Air Force Technical Applications Center , Patrick Air Force Base , Florida. During the Persian Gulf War , Clapper served as Chief of Air Force Intelligence. Clapper became Director of

1053-545: A national security analyst. James Robert Clapper Jr. was born on March 14, 1941, in Fort Wayne, Indiana , the son of Anne Elizabeth ( née Wheatley) and First Lieutenant James Robert Clapper. His father worked in US Army signals intelligence during World War II , retiring as a colonel in 1972 then worked in security at George Mason University in the late 1970s and early 1980s. His maternal grandfather, James McNeal Wheatley,

1134-643: A national security analyst. In May 2018, Clapper expressed his support for CIA Director-designate Gina Haspel . In a March 2017 interview with Chuck Todd , Clapper, who had been the Director of National Intelligence under President Obama until January 20, 2017, revealed the state of his knowledge at that time: CHUCK TODD: Were there improper contacts between the Trump campaign and Russian officials? JAMES CLAPPER: We did not include any evidence in our report, and I say, “our,” that's N.S.A., F.B.I. and C.I.A., with my office,

1215-663: A random driver. On March 30, 2015, National Security Agency police officers shot and killed a person who attempted to drive an SUV through a restricted entrance to the NSA campus in Fort Meade, Maryland. A passenger in the SUV was injured, as was an officer, and both were treated at a hospital. President Obama was briefed but the FBI determined "we do not believe it is related to terrorism." On February 14, 2018, National Security Agency police officers shot and wounded an individual who rammed an SUV into

1296-519: A rifleman and attended the junior course of Platoon Leader Course he transferred to the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program. In 1963, he graduated as a distinguished military graduate from the University of Maryland and was commissioned as an Air Force second lieutenant . He served two tours of duty in Southeast Asia where he commanded a signals intelligence detachment based at

1377-586: A series of tweets he stated: "It now appears clear that the director of national intelligence, James Clapper, lied under oath to Congress and the American people," and "Perjury is a serious crime ... [and] Clapper should resign immediately," U.S. Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) said "The director of national intelligence, in March, did directly lie to Congress, which is against the law." Paul later suggested that Clapper might deserve prison time for his testimony. On June 27, 2013,

1458-462: A three-star rank is a game of musical chairs; once an officer vacates a position bearing that rank, they have 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or higher importance or involuntarily retire. Historically, officers leaving three-star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two-star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement, but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing

1539-667: A unanimous vote after the Senate Intelligence Committee backed him with a 15–0 vote. During his testimony for the position, Clapper pledged to advance the DNI's authorities, exert tighter control over programming and budgeting, and provide oversight over the CIA's use of drones in Pakistan. In August 2010, Clapper announced a new position at the DNI called the deputy director of national intelligence for intelligence integration, to integrate

1620-548: Is a single school proud of its historical roots and dedicated to serving the diverse requirements for public affairs, broadcasting and visual information. Alleged gunman Hong Young was arrested in connection with shootings at five public places in Maryland, including an NSA building, theaters and occupied vehicles in late February 2015. No motive has been established but his estranged wife attributed his behavior to mental issues, and he told police he heard voices telling him to shoot at

1701-456: Is extremely rare. Other than voluntary retirement, the statute sets a number of mandates for retirement. Lieutenant generals must retire after 38 years of service unless appointed for promotion or reappointed to grade to serve longer. Otherwise, all general officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday. However, the Secretary of Defense can defer a three-star officer's retirement until

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1782-535: Is foreign intelligence" and that "those who would want to weave the story that we have millions or hundreds of millions of dossiers on people, is absolutely false.... From my perspective, this is absolute nonsense." Wyden then asked Clapper, "Does the NSA collect any type of data at all on millions or hundreds of millions of Americans?" He responded, "No, sir." Wyden asked, "It does not?" and Clapper said, "Not wittingly. There are cases where they could inadvertently, perhaps, collect, but not wittingly." When Edward Snowden

1863-793: Is needed. In subsequent years, Congress provided construction funds in the Architect of the Capitol budget for Module 1, completed in 2002, for Module 2, completed in 2005 and Modules 3 and 4 and four cold storage rooms, completed in 2009. A full-scale three-year transfer program of the special format collections to Modules 3 and 4 and the four cold storage rooms began in Spring 2010 and was completed in September 2012. Module 5 has been fully funded with occupancy scheduled for September 2017. The state-of-the art storage modules are being built to store, preserve and protect

1944-428: Is the largest employer in the state of Maryland and second largest installation by employee population in the Army. After an August 27, 2007, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency order to assess the contamination at 14 hazardous waste sites on Fort Meade (e.g., ordnance disposal area, 1940s waste dump, closed sanitary landfill), a September 2007 environmental impact report identified adding two golf courses would be

2025-472: Is three years but some are set four or more years by statute. Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved, within statutory limits, by their respective service secretaries, the Secretary of Defense, the president, or Congress but these are rare, as they block other officers from being promoted. Some statutory limits under the U.S. Code can be waived in times of national emergency or war. Three-star ranks may also be given by an act of Congress but this

2106-432: Is unlikely to initiate or intentionally provoke a conflict. Clapper said it's "technically feasible" that Tehran could produce a nuclear weapon in one or two years if its leaders decide to build one, "but practically not likely." Both men said they did not believe Israel had decided to strike Iran back then. In December 2012, Clapper authorized the NSA to expand its "third party" relationship with Saudi Arabia . The goal

2187-530: Is used as a storage facility for the United States Library of Congress . In 1994, a 100 acres (40 ha) site located in the U.S. Army Base at Fort Meade, MD was transferred to the U.S. Congress to provide additional storage capacity for the Library of Congress and other legislative bodies. The current master plan includes the land to construct up to 13 Phased Storage Modules for collections, if this number

2268-698: The Air Force Reserve Command . Additionally, lieutenant generals of all services serve as high-level staff officers at various major command headquarters and The Pentagon , often as the heads of their departments. In 2014 five women were serving as lieutenant generals in the US Army. After the close of the Second World War, generals were normally promoted permanently to brigadier general and major general, with temporary promotions to lieutenant general and general to fill senior positions as needed. In theory,

2349-584: The Cuban Missile Crisis , the 6th Battalion (HAWK), 65th Artillery at Fort Meade (a United States Strike Command unit) was deployed to the Miami/Key West area (the 8th Battalion (Hawk) was at the fort in late 1964). Fort Meade bomb disposal experts were dispatched to secure nuclear bombs in the 1964 Savage Mountain B-52 crash . In 1977, a merger organized the fort's U.S. Army Intelligence Agency as part of

2430-674: The Defense Information School and the Defense Visual Information School in fiscal 1996 and further consolidation with the Defense Photography School in fiscal 1998 created a single focal point in the Department of Defense for these specialties fields. Advancements in information technology and recent base realignment and closure initiatives have contributed to the evolution of the school. The result

2511-660: The Office of the Director of National Intelligence and simultaneously the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence . He served as the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) from September 2001 until June 2006. On June 5, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Clapper to replace Dennis C. Blair as United States Director of National Intelligence . Clapper was unanimously confirmed by

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2592-554: The U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee offered reservations regarding his appointment due to his military background and emphasis on defense-related issues. In an official statement in the White House Rose Garden on June 5, 2010, Obama announced his nomination of Clapper, saying he "possesses a quality that I value in all my advisers: a willingness to tell leaders what we need to know even if it's not what we want to hear." Lawmakers approved his nomination on August 5, 2010, in

2673-613: The United States Army Intelligence and Security Command . On October 1, 1991, a wing of the Air Force Intelligence Command transferred to Fort Meade, and the organization was replaced by the 70th Operations Group on May 1, 2005. In the early 1990s, 12.7 sq mi (33 km ) was transferred from the post to the Patuxent Research Refuge . A planned closure of the post in the 1990s

2754-763: The United States Senate on April 11, 2007. He was the second person ever to hold this position, which oversees the Defense Intelligence Agency , the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency , the National Security Agency (NSA), and the National Reconnaissance Office . He also worked closely with DNI John Michael McConnell . Defense Secretary Robert Gates suggested to President Obama that he nominate Clapper to replace Dennis C. Blair as Director of National Intelligence, but both Chairman Dianne Feinstein and Vice-chairman Kit Bond of

2835-552: The global surveillance documents leaked by Edward Snowden , including a top secret court order showing that the NSA had collected phone records from over 120 million Verizon subscribers . The following day, Clapper acknowledged that the NSA collects telephony metadata on millions of Americans' telephone calls. This metadata information included originating and terminating telephone number, telephone calling card number, International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, time, and duration of phone calls, but did not include

2916-465: The president 's discretion during time of war or national emergency. The three-star grade goes hand-in-hand with the position of office to which it is linked, so the rank is temporary. Officers may only achieve three-star grade if they are appointed to positions that require the officer to hold such a rank. Their rank expires with the expiration of their term of office, which is usually set by statute. Lieutenant generals are nominated for appointment by

2997-747: The 1970s, the Fort Meade radar station had various radar equipment and control systems for air defense (e.g., the 1st Martin AN/FSG-I Antiaircraft Defense System ). Fort Meade also had the first Nike Ajax surface-to-air missiles in December 1953 (operational May 1954) and an accidental firing occurred in 1955 with Battery C, 36th AAA Missile Battalion . In 1962, the Army's Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 13th Air Defense Artillery Group, transferred from Meade to Homestead AFB for initial deployment of MIM-23 Hawk missiles, and during

3078-502: The Army and discontinued. An Army or Marine Corps lieutenant general typically commands a corps -sized unit (20,000 to 45,000 soldiers for an Army Corps and a similar number of Marines for a Marine Expeditionary Force), while an Air Force lieutenant general commands a large Numbered Air Force consisting of several wings or a smaller USAF Major Command (MAJCOM) such as the Air Force Special Operations Command or

3159-637: The Army, 62 for the Marine Corps, and 198 for the Air Force. For the Army and Air Force, no more than about 25% of the service's active duty general officers may have more than two stars. Some of these slots can be reserved by statute. Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are not counted against either limit, including the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The president may also add three-star slots to one service if they are offset by removing an equivalent number from other services. All statutory limits may be waived at

3240-503: The Congress." In March 2014, Clapper signed a directive that barred employees of the intelligence community from providing "intelligence-related information" to reporters without prior authorization, even to provide unclassified information, making a violation of the directive a "security violation". The order, which purportedly came as a result of congressional urging to crack down on leaks, drew criticism from public watchdogs who claimed that

3321-553: The Defense Department budget to keep the line item and dollar amount from public view. In late October 2010, Clapper's office disclosed the top line budget as $ 53.1 billion, which was below the $ 75 billion figure circulated in 2010, in the belief the budget change would strengthen the DNI's authority. In January 2012, Clapper said that "some Iranian officials, probably including supreme leader Ali Khamenei , have changed their calculus and are now more willing to conduct an attack in

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3402-753: The Defense Intelligence Agency in November 1991 under George H. W. Bush . While serving as DIA director, he oversaw the transformation of the National Military Intelligence Center into the National Military Joint Intelligence Center . He also launched an initiative to reorganize intelligence analysis by specialists in enemy weapons rather than specialists in countries and regions. The initiative failed because it created functional stovepipes which "reduced

3483-668: The Director of National Intelligence, that had anything, that had any reflection of collusion between members of the Trump campaign and the Russians. There was no evidence of that… CHUCK TODD: I understand that. But does it exist? Lieutenant general (United States) In the United States Armed Forces , a lieutenant general is a three-star general officer in the United States Army , Marine Corps , Air Force , and Space Force . A lieutenant general ranks above

3564-630: The East. On February 28, 1855, President Franklin Pierce nominated Winfield Scott to be breveted lieutenant general, effective March 29, 1847, as an honor for his capture Veracruz and San Juan de Ulúa , during the Mexican–American War . The grade was re-established by a vote in House of Representatives on 1 February 1864, with 96 for and 41 against. On June 1, 1888, the rank was merged with General of

3645-522: The Levant (ISIL) to paint a more optimistic picture of the ongoing war against ISIL forces in Iraq and Syria. They were subsequently joined by civilian and Defense Intelligence Agency analysts working for CENTCOM. Members of the groups began anonymously leaking details of the case to the press in late August. In September 2015, The Guardian reported that according to an unknown former intelligence official, Clapper

3726-512: The NGA while he served as director. In October 2006, he began working as a chief operating officer for the British military intelligence company Detica , now DFI and U.S.–based subsidiary of BAE Systems . He also worked for SRA International and Booz Allen Hamilton . Clapper defended the private sector's role in intelligence-gathering in his 2010 confirmation hearings telling the committee, "I worked as

3807-523: The NSA operates this service, allowing garrison employees, persons with Fort Meade visitor passes, and U.S. Department of Defense IDs to board. In February 2019, Secretary of the Army Mark Esper , Chief of Staff Mark Milley , and Sgt. Maj. of the Army Daniel A. Dailey met with the commander of IMCOM , the Fort Meade garrison commander, and Army families over safety concerns with housing units on

3888-557: The President and the Department of Defense creating temporary or indefinite three- and four-star assignments, with a fixed term of office, with the approval of the Senate. Even with the temporary status, such officers are also almost always granted permanent retirement in the last grade they held with the satisfactory completion of at least two or three years in grade. Listed in order of receiving

3969-578: The Security Affairs Support Association, an organization of intelligence contractors. In August 2001, he was named as the director of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (later renamed National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency ) where he served until June 2006. From 2006 to 2007, Clapper worked for GeoEye (satellite company) and was an executive on the boards of three government contractors, two of which were doing business with

4050-502: The Senate for the position on August 5, 2010. Following the June 2013 leak of documents detailing the NSA practice of collecting telephone metadata on millions of Americans' telephone calls, Clapper was accused of perjury for telling a congressional committee hearing that the NSA does not collect any type of data on millions of Americans earlier that year. One senator asked for his resignation, and

4131-432: The U.S. government fails to treat Clapper and Alexander in the same way as it did Roger Clemens , "the message from the government would be that lying to Congress about baseball is more of a felony than lying to Congress about Americans' Fourth Amendment rights" and that the “message would declare that when it comes to brazen law-breaking, as long as you are personally connected to the president, you get protection rather than

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4212-865: The U.S. media of focusing on Edward Snowden instead of focusing on wrongdoing by Clapper and other U.S. officials. Jody Westby of Forbes argued that due to the revelations, the American public should ask Clapper to resign from office, arguing that "not only did Mr. Clapper give false testimony to Congress, even his June 6 statement was false. We now know—since the companies identified by the Washington Post have started fessing up—that lots more than telephony metadata has been collected and searched." Fred Kaplan of Slate also advocated having Clapper fired, arguing "if President Obama really welcomes an open debate on this subject, James Clapper has disqualified himself from participation in it. He has to go." Andy Greenberg of Forbes said that NSA officials along with Clapper, in

4293-492: The United States in response to real or perceived US actions that threaten the regime." Clapper added that Iran was "keeping open the option to develop nuclear weapons." In February 2012, Clapper told the Senate that if Iran is attacked over its alleged nuclear weapons program , it could respond by closing the Strait of Hormuz to ships and launch missiles at regional U.S. forces and allies. Former Defense Intelligence Agency chief Lt. Gen. Ronald Burgess told senators that Iran

4374-475: The base in which residents were exposed to lead and asbestos . After speaking with the CEO for the company which manages the house maintenance of the installation, the senior leaders of the Army will determine necessary actions. "We are deeply troubled by the recent reports highlighting the deficient conditions in some of our family housing. It is unacceptable for our families who sacrifice so much to have to endure these hardships in their own homes."—Secretary of

4455-522: The coherence of the analytic effort", whereupon Clapper decided to restore the original organizational structure using strong regional elements. Clapper retired from active duty as a lieutenant general after thirty-two years of service in September 1995. In 1996, alongside General Wayne Downing , he was a member of the investigatory inquiry into the Khobar Towers bombing , which killed 20 people, including 19 American servicemen. He then spent six years in private industry, including two years as president of

4536-682: The content of the calls would require a warrant from a U.S. court. On June 7, Clapper was interviewed by Andrea Mitchell on NBC . Clapper said that "I responded in what I thought was the most truthful, or least untruthful manner by saying no" when he testified. In Clapper's 2018 memoir, he provides a fuller explanation of the incident: ...because the NSA program under Section 215 was highly classified, Senator Wyden wouldn't or shouldn't have been asking questions that required classified answers on camera....my error had been forgetting about Section 215, but even if I had remembered it, there still would have been no acceptable, unclassified way for me to answer

4617-478: The context of the question to be. On June 11, U.S. Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) accused Clapper of not giving a "straight answer," noting that Clapper's office had been provided with the question a day in advance of the hearing and was given the opportunity following Clapper's testimony to amend his response. On June 12, 2013, Representative Justin Amash became the first congressman to openly accuse Director Clapper of criminal perjury , calling for his resignation. In

4698-485: The end of President Obama's term in January 2017. In June 2017 Clapper commenced an initial four-week term at the Australian National University (ANU) National Security College in Canberra that includes public lectures on key global and national security issues. Clapper was also expected to take part in the ANU Crawford Australian Leadership Forum, the nation's pre-eminent dialogue of academics, parliamentarians and business leaders. In August 2017, CNN hired Clapper as

4779-482: The fact that Clapper's staff had answered the question in writing the day before. In May 2015, Litt clarified that Clapper "had absolutely forgotten the existence of" Section 215 of the Patriot Act, and claimed he had been thinking of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act when he gave the answer. In January 2014, six members of the House of Representatives wrote to President Obama urging him to dismiss Clapper for lying to Congress, stating his statement

4860-413: The former posts of deputy director for analysis and deputy director for collections into one position. Robert Cardillo , the deputy director of the Defense Intelligence Agency , was tapped to fill the new post. After an agreement between Clapper and Defense Secretary Robert Gates , his office assumed administrative control over the National Intelligence Program . Previously the NIP was itemized within

4941-449: The fort before the Tank Corps was disbanded. Renamed to Fort Leonard Wood (February 1928  – March 5, 1929), the fort's Experimental Motorized Forces in the summer and fall of 1928 tested vehicles and tactics in expedition convoys (Camp Meade observers had joined the in-progress 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy ). In 1929, the fort's 1st Tank Regiment encamped on the Gettysburg Battlefield . During World War II , Fort Meade

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5022-445: The intelligence community's bulk collection of metadata . The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found in December 2013 that the collection did not violate the Fourth Amendment and dismissed the lawsuit. On May 7, 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that Section 215 of the Patriot Act did not authorize the bulk collection of metadata, which judge Gerard E. Lynch called

5103-405: The library's collections. Collections include books and bound periodicals as well as special format collections, such as maps, manuscripts, prints, photographs, sheet music, and microfilm masters. If needed and constructed, the 13 collections storage modules will provide a total of 180,600 gross sq ft of archival storage space for the library's collections. The Fort George G. Meade Museum exhibited

5184-447: The move would stifle inner-agency criticism and threaten whistleblowers . The following month he implemented a new pre-publication review policy for the ODNI's current and former employees that prohibits them from citing news reports based on leaks in their unofficial writings. In June 2013, the American Civil Liberties Union and the New York Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against several defendants including Clapper challenging

5265-402: The museum would close, with artifacts relocated to the National Museum of the United States Army under construction in Fort Belvoir, Virginia . Since 2005, the NSA operates a shuttle service from the Odenton station of MARC to its Visitor Control Center at Fort Meade. In 2009, the U.S. Army established a similar shuttle service from the Odenton station to the Army section of Fort Meade;

5346-479: The name, address, or financial information of any subscriber. The rationale for this data collection, which was said to be permitted under Section 216 of the Patriot Act , was that if the NSA discovered a terrorist was called into the U.S. and knew the number the terrorist was calling from, the NSA could look at the phone records to see what U.S. number he was calling to. If that indicated something worth investigating, obtaining caller identities and actually listening to

5427-414: The officer's 66th birthday and the president can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday. General officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede the upward career mobility of their juniors. Since there is a finite number of three-star slots available to each service, typically one officer must leave office before another can be promoted. Maintaining

5508-440: The post's historical artifacts, including uniforms, insignia, and equipment. The museum also had a small collection of vehicles, including a Renault FT , a MK VIII Liberty Tank , an M3A1 Stuart , an M4A3E8 Sherman , an M41 Walker Bulldog , an M47 Patton , armored personnel carriers such as an M113 , M114 , M84 , a Nike Ajax missile, and a UH-1H helicopter. The Fort George G. Meade Community Council noted in July 2018 that

5589-424: The president from any eligible officers holding the rank of brigadier general or above, who also meet the requirements for the position, with the advice of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank. The standard tour length for most lieutenant general positions

5670-452: The promotion flow. During the Quasi War with France, President John Adams promoted George Washington to lieutenant general to celebrate his service in the American Revolution . The rank of lieutenant general would not be awarded to an active American military commander until Ulysses S. Grant was promoted sixty years later, shortly before the end of the American Civil War, to recognize his position as overall commander of Union forces in

5751-399: The prosecution you deserve." On December 19, 2013, seven Republican members of the House Judiciary Committee called on Attorney General Eric Holder to investigate Clapper, stating "witnesses cannot be allowed to lie to Congress." In January 2014, Robert S. Litt , general counsel to the Office of the DNI, stated that Clapper did not lie to Congress, citing the context of the question and

5832-435: The question in an open hearing. Even my saying, "We'll have to wait for the closed, classified session to discuss this," would have given something away. ...I ought to have sent a classified letter to Senator Wyden explaining my thoughts when I'd answered and that I misunderstood what he was actually asking me about. Yes, I made a mistake – a big one – when I responded, but I did not lie. I answered with truth in what I understood

5913-591: The rank: Fort George G. Meade Initially called Camp Annapolis Junction , the post was opened as "Camp Admiral" in 1917 on 29.7 sq mi (77 km ) acquired for a training camp. The post was called Camp Meade Cantonment by 1918, Camp Franklin Signal Corps school was located there and in 1919, the Camp Benning tank school—formed from the World War I Camp Colt and Tobyhanna schools—was transferred to

5994-483: The years 2012 and 2013 "publicly denied–often with carefully hedged words–participating in the kind of snooping on Americans that has since become nearly undeniable." John Dean , former White House Counsel for President Nixon , has claimed that it is unlikely Clapper would be charged with the three principal criminal statutes that address false statements to Congress: perjury, obstruction of Congress , and making false statements . David Sirota of Salon said that if

6075-682: Was "incompatible with the goal of restoring trust" in the intelligence community, but were rebuffed by the White House. Caitlin Hayden, the White House National Security Council spokesperson, said in an e-mailed statement that Obama has "full faith in Director Clapper's leadership of the intelligence community. The Director has provided an explanation for his answers to Senator Wyden and made clear that he did not intend to mislead

6156-647: Was "to facilitate the Saudi government's ability to utilize SIGINT to locate and track individuals of mutual interest within Saudi Arabia." Clapper made "intelligence integration" across the Intelligence Community the primary mission of the ODNI. In 2012 the office announced an initiative to create a common information technology desktop for the entire Intelligence Community, moving away from unconnected agency networks to

6237-588: Was an Episcopal minister. Clapper graduated from Nurnberg American High School in West Germany in 1959 where his father was stationed at the time. Clapper earned a Bachelor of Science degree in political science from the University of Maryland in 1963 and a Master of Science degree in political science from St. Mary's University, Texas , in 1970. After a brief enlistment in the United States Marine Corps Reserve , where Clapper served as

6318-448: Was asked during a January 26, 2014, television interview in Moscow on what the decisive moment was or what caused him to whistle-blow, he replied: "Sort of the breaking point was seeing the director of national intelligence, James Clapper, directly lie under oath to Congress. ... Seeing that really meant for me there was no going back." On June 5, 2013, The Guardian published the first of

6399-648: Was in frequent contact with Brigadier General Steven Grove, who was said to be one of the subjects of the Inspector General's review. In February 2017, the Inspector General of the United States Department of Defense completed its investigation and cleared the senior leadership of CENTCOM, concluding that "allegations of intelligence being intentionally altered, delayed or suppressed by top CENTCOM officials from mid-2014 to mid-2015 were largely unsubstantiated." In November 2016, Clapper resigned, effective at

6480-571: Was not implemented, and the Defense Information School moved to the fort in 1995. The 311th Signal Command headquarters was at Fort Meade from 1996 to September 2006. The 70th Intelligence Wing headquarters was established at Fort Meade on July 17, 2000, and the Base Realignment and Closure, 2005 , designated Fort Meade to gain 5,700 positions. Fort Meade currently has more than 54,000 employees (service members and civilians), and

6561-409: Was used as a recruit training post and prisoner of war camp , in addition to a holding center for approximately 384 Japanese , German , and Italian immigrant residents of the U.S. arrested as potential fifth columnists . The Second U.S. Army Headquarters transferred to the post on June 15, 1947; and in 1957, the post became headquarters of the National Security Agency . From the 1950s until

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