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18-718: The course of the river forms the main communication route between the Castilian Plateau and the Ebro. Until the late twentieth century, roads and railways between Madrid and Zaragoza followed this path. The Jalón rises in one of the springs at the foot of the Sierra Ministra , a hill in Esteras de Medinaceli , Medinaceli ( Soria ), and then runs through Arcos de Jalón , to Monreal de Ariza , province of Zaragoza , Aragón . The tributary river Nágima joins at Monreal de Ariza and

36-562: A lack of any true spirit. Their criticism was coupled with and heavily connected to the group's dislike for the Restoration movement that was occurring in Spanish government. The group that has become known as The Generation of '98 was affected by several major events and trends in Spanish history. According to Carr's definition of the group, most of them were born in the 1870s. These men were especially informed by Spain's defeat and humiliation in

54-448: A strong intellectual unity, opposed the Restoration of the monarchy in Spain, revived Spanish literary myths, and broke with classical schemes of literary genres . They brought back traditional and lost words and always alluded to the old kingdom of Castile , with many supporting the idea of Spanish Regionalism . Often, literature produced by these writers conveyed themes of nostalgia for

72-490: Is one of the basic geographical units of the Iberian Peninsula . It consists of a plateau covering a large part of the latter's interior. Developed during the 19th century, the concept of meseta central was handled by Heinrich Moritz Willkomm in lower case , and eventually Salvador Calderón y Arana  [ es ] was reportedly the first in using it in upper case , giving it a toponymic nature. The concept

90-662: The Sierra de la Virgen . Once out of the mountains the river enters the Ebro valley and is joined by the rivers Aranda , Grío and Alpartir before joining the Ebro at Torres de Berrellén , a suburb of the city of Zaragoza . Much of the course of the Jalón has been declared a Special Zone for Bird Protection. Birdlife includes falcons , eagles , and vultures . Other species include owls , wrens , and herons . Poplar , willow and ash . Carp , trout and eels were economically important in

108-727: The Henar at Cetina before the river enters a limestone gorge at Alhama de Aragón . The Jalón then meanders through the Paleozoic zones of the Cordillera Ibérica near Bubierca , being joined by the Piedra and the Manubles at Ateca . At Calatayud , the river expands into a broad valley and is joined by the Jiloca , Perejiles and Ribota . The next section meanders through the Sierra de Algairén and

126-1030: The South. Respectively, the former is drained by the Douro while the latter is drained by the Tagus and the Guadiana . The meseta is flanked by relief units such as the Montes de León , the Galician Massif , the Cantabrian Range , the Basque Mountains , the Sistema Ibérico and Sierra Morena . This European geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Generation of %2798 The Generation of '98 ( Spanish : Generación del 98 ), also called Generation of 1898 (Spanish: Generación de 1898 ),

144-561: The Spanish–American War in 1898, which crystallized into two distinct political movements, Republicanism and Carlist Monarchism, marked by the oscillation of power (a zeal for reform characterized these years of Spanish history): The first intellectual criticism took place at the dawn of the Restoration movement. In 1875, the minister for development, Manuel Orovio (1817–1883), sought to reinforce traditional "Spanish values" such as

162-602: The corruption that it fostered. After Spain's bloody and decisive defeat in the Spanish–American War, which resulted in thousands of dead Spaniards and the loss of all of Spain's remaining colonies in the Americas and the Pacific, these writers were prompted to voice their criticism. They agreed on the urgency of finding a means, in areas of thought and activity separate from politics, of rescuing Spain from its catatonic state. The writers, poets and playwrights of this generation maintained

180-532: The dogma of contemporary Spanish Catholicism by an edict known as the Decreto Orovio . This "crackdown" was a response to various attempts, notably but not exclusively by the intellectual elite listed below, to introduce some form of liberal democracy both in Spanish academic life and in the wider society. Several progressive professors were dismissed from the Central University of Madrid for promoting

198-544: The ideas of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832), a German philosopher who advocated Krausism . In 1876, these dismissed professors, led by Francisco Giner de los Ríos , founded the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (ILE), or The Free Educational Institution , a secular private educational institution that started with university-level instruction and later extended its activities to primary and secondary education. Their work constituted an indirect repudiation of

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216-620: The loss of the colonies of Cuba , Puerto Rico , the Philippines , and Guam after defeat in the Spanish–American War that same year. Historian Raymond Carr defines the Generation of '98 as the "group of creative writers who were born in the seventies, whose major works fall in the two decades after 1898". The intellectuals included in this group are known for their criticism of the Spanish literary and educational establishments, which they saw as having characteristics of conformism, ignorance, and

234-437: The narrative. Many writers also experimented with new forms of genres, as Miguel de Unamuno did in conceptualizing the nivola . Most texts in this literary era were produced in the years immediately after 1910 and are generally marked by the justification of radicalism and rebellion . Examples of this are the last poems incorporated to "Campos de Castilla", of Antonio Machado ; Miguel de Unamuno 's articles written during

252-409: The official instruction of the time, which they had found ineffective, insufficient, and subject to suffocating control by political and religious interests. The Institution departed from this norm by stressing the importance of intellectual freedom and moral self-improvement. The Generation of '98 intellectuals objected to the meticulously organized structure of the Restoration system of government and

270-796: The past and are returning as pollution is being combated. The Plan Hidrológico del río Jalón , a river management plan, was adopted by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment and the governments of Aragon, Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha in 2007. According to E. Bascuas , "Jalón" is a form belonging to the old European hydronymy , and derived from the Indoeuropean root *sal- 'flowing water, stream'. Castilian Plateau The Meseta Central ( lit.   ' central tableland ' , sometimes referred to in English as Inner Plateau )

288-414: The past glory of Spain, especially its traditions and landscape. Conversely, they also present criticisms of the sociopolitical situation during that era, drawing conclusions about factors that caused the decline of Spain. As such, common characteristics of these works involved a minimalistic writing style, employing third person narration and a heavy dependence on dialogue instead of descriptions to advance

306-523: Was a group of novelists , poets , essayists , and philosophers active in Spain at the time of the Spanish–American War (1898), committed to cultural and aesthetic renewal, and associated with modernismo . The name was coined by José Martínez Ruiz (commonly known as "Azorín") in his 1913 essays titled "La generación de 1898", alluding to the moral, political, and social crisis in Spain produced by

324-700: Was also brought forward by José Macpherson y Hemas , while the writers of the Spanish Generation of '98 greatly contributed to its popularisation among the public sphere. The Sistema Central mountain range cuts across the Meseta Central, leaving the Submeseta Norte sub-unit (with heights mostly ranging from 700 to 800 m) to the North and the Submeseta Sur (with heights mostly ranging from 600 to 700 m) to

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