The Jaitmatang , also spelled Yaithmathang , are an Indigenous Australian people of the State of Victoria .
35-491: Jaitmatang/Yaithmathang, according to the early ethnographer Alfred William Howitt , may have derived from Ya-yau their word for "yes," and thang ("speech/tongue"). Ian D. Clark , after subjecting evidence for the Omeo languages in early wordlists, identified a distinctive tongue differing substantially from those – Dhudhuroa and Pallanganmiddang – spoken by tribes to the immediate north. After then examining whether it might be
70-593: A chemist at the age of 15, he passed his pharmaceutical examinations and studied botany under Professor Ernst Ferdinand Nolte (1791–1875) at Kiel University . In 1847, he received his degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Kiel for a thesis on the plants of the southern regions of Schleswig. Mueller's sister Bertha had been advised to seek a warmer climate for her health, and the great botanist Ludwig Preiss , who had recently returned from Perth , recommended Australia, so in 1847, Mueller, Bertha, and their other surviving sister, Clara , sailed from Bremen . While still on
105-474: A decade, by 1862, only 4-5 Jaitmathang could be counted who had survived the disruption. Alfred William Howitt Alfred William Howitt CMG , (17 April 1830 – 7 March 1908), also known by author abbreviation A.W. Howitt , was an Australian anthropologist , explorer and naturalist . He was known for leading the Victorian Relief Expedition , which set out to establish the fate of
140-606: A follow-up expedition to Cooper Creek in 1862, Howitt recovered the bodies of Burke and Wills for burial at the Melbourne General Cemetery . Howitt collected botanical specimens during his expeditions in north-eastern South Australia, south-western Queensland and western New South Wales ; his collections were sent to Baron von Mueller and are now in Melbourne. Howitt researched the culture and society of Indigenous Australians , in particular kinship and marriage ; he
175-631: A leading part in promoting Australian exploration, especially the Burke and Wills expedition, which was the first to cross the continent, and in the various attempts to unravel the mystery which attended the fate of his fellow countryman Ludwig Leichhardt (1813–1848). Mueller died in Melbourne and is buried in the St Kilda Cemetery . He was survived by his sister, Mrs. Clara Wehl, of Millicent, South Australia . His other sister, Mrs. Bertha Doughty of near Penola predeceased him. He never married. Mueller
210-576: A paper to the Linnean Society of London on "The Flora of South Australia", thus beginning to be well known in botanical circles. Mueller was appointed government botanist for Victoria by Governor Charles La Trobe in 1853, a post that was newly created for him. He examined its flora, especially the Alpine vegetation of Australia, which was previously unknown. He explored the Buffalo Ranges , then went to
245-688: A variety of Ngarigu or had a separate name Harold Koch and others consider it a southern variety of the Yuin sub-branch of the Yuin-Kuric language family . Koch's analysis points to a possibility that the Jaitmatang, like their neighbours the Wolgal and the Ngarigo , spoke dialects of one language, with Clark considering it a dialect of Ngarigo. The Jaitmatang's lands extended some 3,000 square miles (7,800 km), including
280-602: Is named after Mueller. A number of geographical features were named after Mueller: the Mueller Ranges ( Western Australia ), Muellers Range ( Queensland ), Mount Mueller (in WA, Northern Territory , Tasmania and Victoria) and Mount von Mueller (WA), Muellers Peak ( New South Wales ), the Mueller River (NZ), Muellers Creek ( South Australia ) and Mueller Creek (NT) also Von Mueller Creek (Vic), Lake Mueller (Qld), and Mueller hut near
315-467: The Bugle Ranges , and had a cottage built there. He moved there with his sister Clara, intending to start a farm, but after a few months, he returned to his former employment. Mueller thought to open a chemist's shop in the gold diggings, so in 1851, he moved to Melbourne, capital of the new colony of Victoria. He had contributed a few papers on botanical subjects to German periodicals, and in 1852, sent
350-527: The Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland, is named after him as many localities in the area are named after those connected to the Burke and Wills expedition. Ferdinand von Mueller Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller , KCMG ( German : Müller ; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for
385-607: The Mueller Glacier in New Zealand. Mueller Park , Subiaco (WA) is also named after him. Species named to honour Mueller typically end in muelleri , muellerina or muelleriana . Examples include the genus, Muellerina ( Loranthaceae ), the taxa Callitris muelleri , Persoonia muelleri , and Verticordia muelleriana , Allocasuarina muelleriana and Eucalyptus muelleriana , and Terminalia ferdinandiana . Over 26,000 specimens collected by Mueller are held by
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#1733085255020420-506: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne , and not only introduced many plants into Victoria, but also made the excellent qualities of the blue gum ( Eucalyptus globulus ) known all over the world, and succeeded in introducing it into the south of Europe, North and South Africa, California, and the extratropical portions of South America. By 1873, influential Melburnians were critical of Mueller's scientific and educational approach with
455-768: The University of Rostock ; in 1883, he was awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales . Mueller was decorated by many foreign countries, including Germany, France, Spain, Denmark, and Portugal. He was appointed a fellow of the Royal Society in 1861, and knighted as Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1879. A list of his 'Orders, offices, affiliations and sundry honours' has been assembled. Many of his decorations were received in return for supplying zoological specimens to royal museums. He
490-583: The Australian colonial project", but also were "intricately involved in imagining, knowing and shaping colonial Australia" (Barrett, et al., 2018, p.2). He arrived at Adelaide on 18 December 1847 and found employment as a chemist with Moritz J. Heuzenroeder , in Rundle Street . He was an inveterate explorer, walking alone to Mount Arden and Mount Brown during his first year. Shortly afterwards, he obtained 20 acres (8.1 ha) of land not far from Adelaide in
525-627: The Northern Territory, and encouraged settlers to send plants to him. Mueller published an educational exsiccata with the title Educational collections of Australian plants (1873–1876) and was able to distribute three fascicles in about 50 institutions. Women were key contributors to his collections. Two hundred and twenty-five women and girls, the youngest of which was six years of age, collected plant specimens and mailed them to Mueller for cataloging. These women included Louisa Atkinson , Sarah Brooks , and Flora Mary Campbell . He took
560-564: The Royal Botanic Gardens. Development of the gardens with an eye to aesthetics was sought. Mueller was dismissed from his position as director of the Botanic Gardens on 31 May 1873. He had done much to develop the gardens with the scarce resources at hand. Though his pay was not affected and he still continued as the government botanist, he never lost his sense of grievance over losing the position. In April 1873, Mueller had created
595-475: The exploration of Australia, and as one of only two members of the Exploration Committee with any experience of exploration, he made several speeches to the society on the topic. He did not favour the selection of Burke as leader, but due to factionalism in the committee, he had little say in the establishment, provisioning, or composition of the exploration party. From 1857 to 1873, he was director of
630-448: The genus Guilfoylia and described William Guilfoyle as "distinguished as a collector [who] evidenced great ardour" and held high hopes for his collecting ability. Mueller's opinion changed when Guilfoyle was appointed to take his place as director of the Botanic Gardens in July 1873. He accused Guilfoyle of being a "nurseryman [with] no claims to scientific knowledge whatever" and of getting
665-573: The headwaters of Mitta Mitta and Tambo rivers ; from the Indi River to "Tom Groggin Run" and perhaps even the Ovens River . To the south their tribal boundaries ran to Omeo and Mount Delusion, 25 miles north of Omeo . Hordes :- The Jaitmathang had an annual migratory cycle, camping on the lower plateaus of their land through the colder, winter period, and then, once the snow began to melt, shifting into
700-514: The highlands to pass the summer hunting in the alpine zone. The Jaitmathang lands were first penetrated and settlements began to be established there, in 1828. Following the Victorian gold rush , miners also discovered gold in the Omeo area, at Livingstone Creek, off the Mitta Mitta River, and as the news spread, a large mass of gold-diggers rushed to settle and pan the waters of the area. Within
735-633: The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition . Howitt was born in Nottingham , England, the son of authors William Howitt and Mary Botham . He went to the Victorian gold fields in 1852 with his father and brother to visit his uncle, Godfrey Howitt . Initially, Howitt was a geologist in Victoria ; later, he worked as a gold warden in North Gippsland . Howitt went on to be appointed Police magistrate & Warden Crown Lands Commissioner; later still, he held
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#1733085255020770-423: The job due to being related to the wife of the responsible minister. Mueller subsequently abolished Guilfoylia as part of the genus of Cadellia in his botanical census of 1882 (today the genus Guilfoylia is again accepted). Guilfoyle went on to landscape the gardens in an aesthetic and pleasing style welcomed by most Melburnians. In 1857, Mueller applied for and was granted the degree of Doctor of Medicine of
805-918: The library of the Royal Society; these books were inscribed "Purchased from A. W. Howitt Memorial Fund" . He was appointed CMG in the 1906 Birthday Honours . Howitt died in 1908 in Bairnsdale, Victoria . The recreational park named in his honour is located adjacent to the Mitchell River Bridge on the eastern side of Bairnsdale. Howitt's scientific life shared a special irony with that of his longtime friend Lorimer Fison . They were both set in motion by Lewis Henry Morgan ; Morgan pinned more hope on Fison than on Howitt. However, Fison gave up his scientific pursuit shortly after Morgan's death, whereas Howitt persevered for many years. Howitt's magnum opus, The Native Tribes of South East Australia (1904), remains one of
840-680: The natural history collections and institutions of Our Kingdom' He was then known as Baron Sir Ferdinand von Mueller. He published 11 volumes of Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae (1862–1881), two volumes of the Plants of Victoria (1860–1865), and other books on the Eucalyptus , Myoporaceae , Acacia , and Salsolaceae , all profusely illustrated. He also co-operated in the production of George Bentham 's Flora Australiensis . He described many novel plant species sent by botanists from other parts of Australia, notably Maurice William Holtze from
875-622: The only contemporaneous scientific studies of the native institutions of Central Australian Aborigines. Mount Howitt in Victoria, and Howitt Hall , one of Monash University 's Halls of Residence are named after him. Howitt Street in Kingston Canberra, Howitt street in Traralgon and a major street in Porsche suburb of Kingston is also named after him. It is likely that Howitt , a locality beside
910-663: The position of Secretary of the Mines Department. In 1861, the Royal Society of Victoria appointed Howitt leader of the Victorian Relief Expedition, with the task of establishing the fate of the Burke and Wills expedition . Howitt was a skilled bushman; he took only the necessary equipment and a small crew on the journey to Cooper Creek . There, on 16 September he found sole survivor John King ; Howitt buried Burke and Wills before returning to Melbourne with King. On
945-722: The ship, he reportedly fished his first plants out of the water to analyse them. Ferdinand von Mueller was one of a number of influential German-speaking residents — such as Ludwig Becker , Hermann Beckler , William Blandowski , Amalie Dietrich , Wilhelm Haacke , Diedrich Henne , Gerard Krefft , Johann Luehmann , Johann Menge , Carl Mücke (a.k.a. Muecke) , Ludwig Preiss , Carl Ludwig Christian Rümker (a.k.a. Ruemker) , Moritz Richard Schomburgk , Richard Wolfgang Semon , Karl Theodor Staiger , George Ulrich , Eugene von Guérard , Robert von Lendenfeld , Georg von Neumayer , and Carl Wilhelmi — who brought their "epistemic traditions" to Australia, and not only became "deeply entangled with
980-617: The then colony of Victoria , Australia by Governor Charles La Trobe in 1853, and later director of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne. He also founded the National Herbarium of Victoria . He named many Australian plants. Mueller was born at Rostock , in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . After the early death of his parents, Frederick and Louisa, his grandparents gave him a good education in Tönning , Schleswig . Apprenticed to
1015-591: The upper reaches of the Goulburn River and across Gippsland to the coast. The neighbourhoods of Port Albert and Wilsons Promontory were explored, and the journey of some 1,500 miles (2,400 km) was completed along the coast to Melbourne. In the same year, he established the National Herbarium of Victoria, which can still be visited today. It has many plants from Australia and abroad, many of which were collected by Mueller. Also, his large private library
1050-655: Was a member of the Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science, which later became the Philosophical Institute of Victoria . He was president of the Philosophical Institute in 1859 when it received a royal charter and became the Royal Society of Victoria . He was an active member of the society's "Exploration Committee" which established the Burke and Wills expedition of 1860. Mueller promoted
1085-619: Was a theist who rejected Darwinism , but is said by historians to have misunderstood key aspects of Charles Darwin 's theory. Despite his differences he remained on friendly terms with Darwin. The Mueller Medal has been awarded since 1904 by the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science to "a scientist who is the author of important contributions to anthropological, botanical, geological or zoological science, preferably with special reference to Australia". A Victorian Railways S Class diesel-electric locomotive, S311,
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1120-446: Was influenced by the theories of evolution and anthropology. Howitt's major work (co-authored with Lorimer Fison ) was " Kamilaroi and Kurnai " (1879), which was recognised internationally as a landmark in the development of the modern science of anthropology; this work was used by others, including the twentieth century anthropologist Norman Tindale . In 1863 he married Maria (nickname 'Liney') Boothby; they had five children. Maria
1155-500: Was the benefactor of explorer Ernest Giles , who visited Lake Amadeus and Kata Tjuta . Giles had originally wanted to name these Lake Mueller and Mt Ferdinand, but Mueller prevailed upon Giles to name them Lake Amadeus, after King Amadeus of Spain , and Mt Olga, after Queen Olga of Württemberg ; both kings had granted him honours. In 1871, King Karl of Württemberg gave him the hereditary title of Freiherr , to mark his distinction in 'natural sciences generally and in particular for
1190-538: Was the daughter of Judge Benjamin Boothby , Chief Justice of the Colony of South Australia. Howitt was Secretary for Mines in Victoria. In 1903 Howitt was awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales ; in 1904 he received the first Mueller Medal from the Royal Society of Victoria. A memorial fund established after his death was used to buy rare books on topics such as anthropology, geology, and botany for
1225-985: Was transferred to the government of Victoria in 1865 and is incorporated into the library of the herbarium in Melbourne. Mueller was then nominated as the botanist to accompany the North Australian Exploring Expedition (1855–1856) led by Augustus Gregory , and decided to join despite initial hesitations. He explored the Victoria River and other portions of North Australia, was one of the four who reached Termination Lake in 1856, and accompanied Gregory's expedition overland to Moreton Bay . Mueller, for his part, found nearly 800 species in Australia new to science, such as Macadamia ternifolia (named after his friend and colleague, John Macadam ). He published in this year his Definitions of Rare or Hitherto Undescribed Australian Plants . From 1854 to 1872, Mueller
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