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58-596: The goal of the I.H.F is to promote the practice of Korean martial arts like hapkido, hankido and hankumdo. Myung Jae Nam had started teaching in Incheon from his school called Jeong Do Kwan (정도관) in 1962. In 1973 he founded his own federation, called Dae Han Kuk Hapki Hwe (대한국합기회). In October 1974, while still maintaining his own organization, he assisted in the forming the Dae Han Min Kuk Hapkido Hyop Hwe (대한민국합기도협회, Republic of Korea Hapkido Association). He

116-863: A centre for international business, trade, technology, and environmentally conscious urban living. Initially projected to be completed by 2020, some areas continue to be under development, with evolving projects and adjustments to the original master plan. Songdo houses various multinational companies and hosts several international institutions, including the Green Climate Fund . The city is also recognised for its smart city technologies and eco-friendly design, featuring extensive green spaces, smart infrastructure, and advanced waste management systems. As of 2012, Yeongjong International City , centred around Incheon International Airport , has been under development as an eco-friendly airport city. Originally scheduled for completion by 2020, certain projects are still ongoing as

174-567: A century and was the primary reason why Goguryeo was unable to conquer the entire peninsula. Gaya found itself in a precarious situation due to its geographical disadvantage of being sandwiched by Baekje and Silla, and ultimately could not develop into an advanced nation. In 472, Gaero , the ruler of Baekje , sent a letter to the emperor of Northern Wei , stating that he was having trouble interacting with him due to frequent Goguryeo intervention, thus calling for military action against Goguryeo. However, Baekje failed to get its emissary back and

232-458: A commercial and business hub of northeast Asia (see Free Economic Zone below). The official slogan of the program is "Smile with English." Incheon is home to a number of colleges and universities: Incheon has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cwa ) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm, and humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa , respectively) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. Like other metropolitan cities, Incheon has

290-507: A crucial point for both Goguryeo and the southern dynasties of China. However, Jangsu was able to use the political situation in China by manipulating the northern and southern Chinese states to his advantage. After the fall of Later Yan, Han Chinese drove the Xianbei Murong clan northward and established Northern Yan in its place. However, Northern Yan's existence was threatened by

348-529: A high level of cultural and economic prosperity. When Gwanggaeto the Great ruled Goguryeo , the Chinese mainland was dominated by five non-Han Chinese peoples and divided into multiple states . During Gwanggaeto's time, Goguryeo invaded Later Yan and conquered Liaoning , but when Jangsu came to the throne, the chaos in northern China was coming to an end. The unification of northern China by Northern Wei became

406-608: A magnificent tomb for his father, Gwanggaeto the Great , and along with it an imposing 6 meter tall tombstone engraved with his father's accomplishments (now known as the Gwanggaeto Stele ). In 427, he transferred the Goguryeo capital from Gungnae Fortress (present-day Ji'an on the China-North Korea border ) to Pyongyang , a more suitable region to grow into a burgeoning metropolitan capital, which led Goguryeo to achieve

464-714: A period of 80 days. It was a comprehensive international event with global institutions and corporations as participants. Various musicians and artists performed during the event. The city hosted a meeting of the G20 Finance Ministers in February 2010. Incheon was the site of the third Global Model United Nations Conference, held from 10 to 14 August 2011. It first hosted the Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in 2004 which expanded into welcoming international artists in its subsequent 2007, 2009 and 2011. Incheon hosted

522-464: A stone monument in present-day Chungju , praising the accomplishments of his father and himself. This monument remains at the same site, holding historical importance as the only surviving Goguryeo stele in the Korean peninsula. King Jangsu died in 491, at the age of 97. His temple name means "Long Life" in hanja . During his reign, Goguryeo was at its golden age, stretching from Inner Mongolia to

580-413: A strong urban heat island effect. Incheon's climate is about average compared to the rest of Korea, with 8 locations being cooler and 10 locations being warmer, and with 9 locations being wetter and 9 locations being drier. Incheon experiences each of its four seasons, distinctly feeling the rise and fall of temperature and humidity. The temperature however, never rises to an extreme, and the climate of

638-596: A vassal state of Goguryeo since Gwanggaeto defeated the Baekje and Wa troops invading Silla in 400. To secure the allegiance of his de facto protectorate, Jangsu demanded the younger brother of King Nulji of Silla to become a political hostage. King Nulji broke off relations with Goguryeo in 454. Jangsu invaded Silla in 468, expanding his domain into parts of Gangwon Province , and again in 489, capturing 7 walled cities and expanding his domain into parts of North Gyeongsang Province . With his victory over Silla, Jangsu erected

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696-458: Is home to the following professional and semi-professional sports teams: The K League 2 team Incheon United FC . The club was known to have a popular rivalry against former Bucheon SK (now Jeju United ), due to the teams' close geographical relationship. The K4 League team FC Namdong is based in the Namdong District of Incheon. King Jangsu Jangsu (394–491, r. 413–491)

754-811: Is operated by the Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC). Korail has also constructed a new commuter rail line named Suin Line . The line opened in 2012 from Oido station in Siheung to Songdo station in Incheon. It was then extended in 2016, and now reaches Incheon station where passengers can transfer to Seoul Subway Line 1 . In 2020, the line was extended from Oido station to Suwon Station . SMRT (one of three operating companies of Seoul Metropolitan Subway) has extended Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 7 to Bupyeong-gu office by 2011 and provided transfers to

812-621: Is to organize the International H.K.D Games every three years. Since 1990 the I.H.F. has organized seven such games. The most recent took place in Battle Creek, MI in the summer of 2010. In 2013 the games were scheduled to take place in Korea again. The games of 2016 will probably take place in Brazil. After Myung Jae Nam died in 1999, his son Myung Sung-kwang took over. In 2000 he received permission from

870-591: The Asian Games in 2014. It hosted the 6th OECD World Forum in 2018. Incheon was designated as the World Book Capital for the year 2015 by UNESCO . On 27 February 2007, Incheon declared itself an "English City," and inaugurated the "Incheon Free English Zone" program. The goal of the program is to make the city as proficient in English as Singapore . This is for the ultimate purpose of establishing Incheon as

928-501: The Han River valley, the region essential to commercial and military power in the Korean peninsula. Baekje had been a dominant power on the peninsula for hundreds of years thanks to its control of the region, but after losing the region to Goguryeo, Baekje also lost control of the peninsula. After successfully concluding his campaign in Baekje, Jangsu then turned his attention toward the second peninsular kingdom of Silla . Silla had been

986-577: The Incheon Metropolitan City ( 인천광역시 ), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic , Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. As of February 2020, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea's third-most-populous city after Seoul and Busan . The city's growth has been assured in modern times with

1044-741: The Suin Line at Woninjae station , with the Incheon Subway Line 2 at Incheon City Hall station , and with Seoul Subway Line 7 at Bupyeong-gu Office station . Incheon Subway Line 2 opened in July 2016 and runs from Geomdan Oryu station to Unyeon station. The automated line is 29.2 kilometres (18.1 miles) long, and has 27 stations, including transfer stations at Geomam station with the AREX line, Juan station with Seoul Subway Line 1 and Incheon Subway Line 2 at Incheon City Hall station . The Incheon subway

1102-523: The I.H.F. opened the International hapkido hankido world headquarters (국제연맹 합기도 한기도 세계본부) near the city of Yongin . Myung Jae Nam's son, Myung Sung Kwang, assumed leadership of the International H.K.D. Federation in 1999 upon the passing of his father. In February 2010 Myung Sung Kwang finished his study at the Hangyang University with a thesis titled 'A Study on Hankido'. The goal of the I.H.F.

1160-534: The Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon is also a major transportation hub in northeast Asia, with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port. The large volume of port traffic makes Incheon a Large-Port Metropolis using the Southampton System of Port-City classification. The first historical record of

1218-562: The Incheon Subway system. It has 3 stations within Incheon. By 2020, the line will further be extended westwards to Seoknam station where it will be possible to transfer to Incheon Subway Line 2. The Incheon Free Economic Zone ( IFEZ ) comprises the regions of Songdo , Cheongna , and Yeongjong Island, covering a total area of 51,739 acres (20,938 hectares). IFEZ was established to develop these areas into centres for logistics, international business, leisure, and tourism, aimed primarily at

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1276-586: The Incheon area dates back to 475 CE, during the reign of King Jangsu of Goguryeo , by the name of Michuhol , which is supposed to be located on modern Munhak Hill ( 문학산 ). The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. In Goryeo era, Incheon was called Gyeongwon ( 경원 ) or Inju ( 인주 ). The current name was turned to Incheon in 1413. Later, Incheon County became Incheon Metropolitan Prefecture (dohobu, 도호부 ). Old Incheon consisted of modern southern Incheon (i.e. Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Yeonsu District, and Namdong District) and

1334-479: The Japanese pronunciation of Incheon's Sino-Korean name. In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former center of Gwangyo) with Bupyeong County, forming Bucheon County. Between 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon. Incheon was originally part of Gyeonggi Province , but

1392-544: The Korean Ministry of Culture and Tourism to start the Jaenam Musul Won Foundation, of which he is president. This foundation is in charge of Myung Jae Nam's heritage and oversees the development of Hapkido, Hankido, Hankumdo, and Hwal Bub for the International H.K.D. Federation. Koreans who want to enter the police academy need a black belt certificate from one of the selected Korean hapkido organizations. In

1450-750: The Northeast Asian region. The designation of " Free Economic Zone " refers to efforts to enhance the business environment for foreign enterprises and improve living conditions for expatriates. It was the first zone of its kind in South Korea, formally designated in August 2003. The region includes infrastructure for air and sea transportation, logistics, international business, financial services, and residential facilities, alongside educational, medical, and leisure amenities. Development of Songdo International City began in 1994 on reclaimed land and has been intended as

1508-733: The Rourans, Jangsu invaded the Khitans , a branch of the Xianbei confederacy at the time, and then attacked the Didouyu with his Rouran allies. After the Khitans surrendered to Goguryeo , Jangsu sent gifts to both Northern Wei and Southern Qi , which took over the southern half of China after overthrowing Liu Song in 479. Both Qi and Wei tried to tighten Goguryeo's relationship with them. Wei emperors treated Goguryeo delegates as equal to Chinese delegates. Under

1566-458: The age of 98, the longest reign in East Asian history. During his reign, Jangsu changed the official name of Goguryeo ( Koguryŏ ) to the shortened Goryeo ( Koryŏ ), from which the name Korea originates. During his early reign, Jangsu dedicated much of his efforts toward stabilizing an empire that had experienced great and sudden growth as a direct result of his father's conquests. Jangsu built

1624-523: The area continues to evolve. The development aims to combine logistical facilities with residential, business, and tourism sectors, leveraging its proximity to the airport. Cheongna , located on the mainland near Yeongjong Island, is designed to focus on entertainment and leisure. It includes residential zones, sports facilities, and a business district catering to international finance. Although initially slated for completion by 2008, development timelines have since been extended, with some projects, such as

1682-436: The capital and easily captured the city of Wiryeseong and slew Gaero. Soon after, Jangsu burned the capital to the ground, along with several other cities that he conquered from Baekje. Henceforth, Baekje had no choice but to move its capital to mountainous Ungjin (present-day Gongju ), 80 miles to the south, which provided a natural protection for the devastated kingdom. The war gave Goguryeo more or less total control of

1740-452: The city is essentially mild. Incheon is swept by the seasonal winds as the northwesterly winds strike the city in the winter and the summer in Incheon is affected by gusts of the warm southwesterly winds. Incheon forms the heart of Capital Industrial Region. During the industrialization of South Korea, several industrial complexes were built throughout the city, and as a result, the city was largely dependent on manufacturing industry. But with

1798-416: The city, Jemulpo (alternatively Romanized as Chemulpo ), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883. It was frequently used until the Japanese annexation. After the opening of the Incheon port, the city center moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Original Incheon" ( 원인천 ). It was internationally known as Jinsen during Japanese rule , based on

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1856-407: The designation of Incheon Free Economic Zone in 2003, the city is now making an effort to foster new growth industries. Major industrial parks include Bupyeong industrial complex, which hosts GM Incheon plant(formerly a GM Daewoo Incheon plant), Juan industrial complex, and Namdong Industrial complex. In recent years, bio industry is emerging as a new growth industry of the city. Currently, with

1914-514: The development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area , along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province , forming the world's fourth-largest metropolitan area by population . Incheon has since led the economic development of South Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in

1972-653: The emperor of Northern Yan in 438. The Liu Song court was outraged and warned Jangsu that the death of the Northern Yan ruler would lead to war. However, Jangsu ignored the threat and executed him, bringing the short-lived Northern Yan dynasty to an end. Liu Song troops then attacked Goguryeo but were easily defeated. Peace resumed in the following year when Jangsu sent 800 horses as a gift to the Liu Song emperor, to aid him in his ongoing war against Northern Wei, allowing Goguryeo to concentrate its forces against Baekje and Silla to

2030-640: The expansion of Incheon Port. Incheon is a major domestic and international transport hub for Korea. Incheon International Airport is South Korea's primary international airport and a regional air hub. In 2015, it was the world's 22nd busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 49,412,750 passengers. There were a total of 305,446 flights (300,634 international, 4,812 domestic) to and from Incheon International Airport in 2015, an average of 837 flights (824 international, 13 domestic) daily. Korea's two main carriers, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines , serviced 50.9% of flights, while low-cost and foreign carriers serviced

2088-551: The modernization of South Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as South Korea's first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone , including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry. As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large-scale international conferences, such as

2146-623: The neighboring cities of Bucheon , Gimpo , Seoul , and Siheung . Local service to Guro , Seoul , Cheongnyangni , Uijeongbu and Soyosan is offered by Seoul's subway Line 1 . The line has 11 stations within Incheon and connects to the Incheon Subway at Bupyeong and Juan stations. Rapid service on the same line to Yongsan station in Seoul depart from Dongincheon station and stops at major stations. The Airport Express ( AREX ) line runs from Incheon International Airport to Seoul Station via Gimpo International Airport . The Incheon-Gimpo section

2204-599: The newly built Suin Line to bring KTX service to Incheon station by 2021. The Incheon Subway has two subway lines serving the city. The first line connects to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system at Bupyeong station ( Seoul Subway Line 1 ), and AREX line at Gyeyang station . It connects International Business District station in Songdo to Gyeyang station. The line has 28 stations on 29.4 kilometres (18.3 miles) of track. The line also has transfer stations with

2262-476: The northern part of Siheung . The city center was Gwangyo-dong, where the prefecture office ( 도호부청사 ) and the local academy (hyanggyo, 향교 ) were located. The "original" two remaining buildings of the Incheon prefecture office are located in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from Munhak Baseball Stadium . Another historical name of

2320-449: The past the IHF was one of only three organizations whose certificates were accepted; now the certificates of four more organizations are accepted. Incheon Incheon ( Korean :  인천 ; Korean pronunciation: [intɕʰʌ̹n] ; or Inch'ŏn ; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o ( Korean :  제물포 ) until the period after 1910, officially

2378-527: The port offers ferries to five cities in China : Dalian , Qingdao , Tianjin , Dandong , and Weihai . There are also ferries to Incheon's outlying islands as well as Baengnyeongdo inside of the Northern Limit Line . Incheon Bus Terminal , located at its eponymous subway stop, offers express bus transportation to all parts of Korea. Many city bus lines offer transportation within city limits as well as to

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2436-449: The powerful Xianbei Tuoba clan of Northern Wei to the west, compelling Northern Yan to make an alliance with Goguryeo, its neighbor to the east. Hence, Jangsu turned his military ambitions southward toward the Korean peninsula. The southern Chinese dynasty of Liu Song , which was feuding with Northern Wei, encouraged both Northern Yan and Goguryeo to oppose Northern Wei. However, Liu Song's plan did not work out, as Goguryeo imprisoned

2494-482: The reign of Emperor Xiaowen alone, 41 emissaries were sent, but the frequency started to drop since Jangsu continued to keep hospitality with Qi. This decrease in exchanged delegates outraged Emperor Xiaowen, and at last he gave an order to capture Goguryeo delegates before they could reach the Qi capital. However, Jangsu paid no mind, and continued to send delegates to Qi. Northern Wei could not block Goguryeo, which indicated

2552-521: The remaining 49.1% of flights. The airport is experiencing a rapid increase in passengers, and the opening of Terminal 2 in December 2017 spurred additional traffic. The airport was also featured in the Korean drama series, "Air City." Incheon International Airport ranked "5th in the world" among international airports in late 2018. Incheon's sea port is the second largest port in Korea after Busan Port . The International Passenger Terminal located at

2610-490: The south while Liu Song and Northern Wei were occupied against each other to the west. Jangsu again encouraged Liu Song to invade Northern Wei in 459 when he sent loads of crossbows and provided gold and silver. The Northern Wei government was upset by Jangsu's actions but had to keep peace with Goguryeo to continue its war against Liu Song and the Rouran Khaganate . Jangsu also maintained contact with Northern Wei , and

2668-588: The success of Jangsu's diplomatic strategy: maximizing the situation and manipulating the power struggles between rival Chinese states to Goguryeo's advantage. Goguryeo and the northern states maintained peace and did not have further conflicts until the Goguryeo–Sui War in 598. Confronted with harsh attacks from Goguryeo into the southern region of the Korean peninsula, Baekje and Silla found their survival through marriage alliances, beginning in 433. The alliance between Baekje and Silla lasted more than

2726-464: The theme park, still in the planning or early construction stages. Incheon is divided into 8 districts ( gu ) and 2 counties ( gun ). Religion in Incheon (2015) According to the 2015 census, 32.6% of the population follow Christianity (23.1% Protestantism and 9.5% Catholicism ) and 8.7% follow Buddhism . 57.9% of the population is irreligious. 0.8% of the population follow other religions including Islam , Muism , and Confucianism . Incheon

2784-425: The total production capacity of 330kℓ per year, the city ranks 2nd in the world by production capacity along with San Francisco , United States. The capacity is under expansion, and after completion in 2018, the city will rank 1st with the production capacity of 510kℓ. Also, logistics industry is also experiencing a rapid growth, thanks to Incheon Airport , which was ranked fourth in the world by cargo traffic, and

2842-453: The two empires established a formal relationship in 435. This relationship proved to be useful when Goguryeo waged war against Baekje , which had secretly sought a military alliance with Northern Wei against Goguryeo, because Northern Wei did not interfere in the matters of the Korean countries. In 479, Jangsu established friendly relations with the Rouran Khaganate with a view to keeping Northern Wei under control. After securing peace with

2900-450: Was able to talk Gaero into spending large sums of money on construction projects, weakening the national treasury. In 475, Jangsu launched a full-scale invasion from both land and sea against the now politically unstable kingdom of Baekje . Dorim was successful in gaining information about Baekje, and consequently Gaero was not at all prepared for the assault formulated by Jangsu. With momentum now in his favor, Jangsu then proceeded toward

2958-516: Was also known for his diplomatic abilities. Like his father, Gwanggaeto the Great, Jangsu also achieved a loose unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . In addition, Jangsu's long reign saw the perfecting of Goguryeo's political, economic and other institutional arrangements. He is also noted for building the Gwanggaeto Stele , dedicated to his father. Jangsu's posthumous name means "Long Life", based on his longstanding reign of 79 years until

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3016-469: Was appointed the executive director and remained with that organization until 1980. In August 1974, he again changed the name of his own organization to Kuk Je Yon Maeng Hapki Hwe (국제연맹합기회), which is known in English as the International H.K.D. Federation. In the same year he co-founded the Korean Hapkido Association. In 1981 the IHF was recognized by the Korean government. In August 1993

3074-441: Was granted Directly Governed (now Metropolitan) City status on 1 July 1981; the city officially separated from the province. In 1989, neighboring islands and Gyeyang township of Gimpo County were ceded to Incheon and in 1995 Geomdan township of Gimpo County and two counties of Ganghwa and Onjin were annexed to Incheon. Incheon was known as Inchon prior to South Korea's adoption of a new Romanization system in 2000. The city

3132-570: Was opened in March 2007 and was extended to Seoul station in December 2010. Passengers can choose a high-speed service stopping only at Incheon airport and Seoul, which takes 43 minutes but departs only every half-hour; or the all-station service which takes 53 minutes but leaves every six minutes. KTX service was introduced on the AREX line on 30 June 2014, with stops at Incheon International Airport station and Geomam station . There are additional plans to use

3190-554: Was recaptured on 19 September 1950. USS  Inchon was named after the tide-turning battle that ensued. Prior to and during the June Democratic Movement in 1987, Incheon was the site of several pro-democracy protests. Incheon has also hosted a series of major international events. The Global Fair & Festival 2009 Incheon was held in the Songdo District in August 2009. It was open from 7 August to 25 October for

3248-519: Was the 20th monarch of Goguryeo , the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . He was born in 394 as the eldest son of Gwanggaeto . He became the crown prince in 408, and upon his father's death in 413, became the ruler at the age of 19. Jangsu reigned during the golden age of Goguryeo , when it was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia . He continued to build upon his father's territorial expansion through conquest, but

3306-692: Was the site of the Battle of Chemulpo Bay , where the first shots of the Russo-Japanese War were fired. During the Korean War , Incheon was occupied by North Korean troops on 4 July 1950. Incheon was the site of the Battle of Inchon when the United States troops landed to relieve pressure on the Pusan Perimeter and to launch a United Nations offensive northward. The result was a decisive UN victory and it

3364-506: Was unable to receive the military support of Northern Wei. In response, Jangsu secretly planned to attack Baekje, which despite its losses against Gwanggaeto the Great , still held a significant power base in the Korean peninsula . In order to disarm Baekje, he sent a Buddhist monk named Dorim , who went to Gaero's court with the secret objective of corrupting the country. Gaero began to favor Dorim, playing baduk with him every day, and Dorim

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