41-633: Bihar Sikshak Sangharsh Samiti Jayprakash Narayan Shyam Sunder Das Indira Gandhi , Abdul Ghafoor Satyendra Narayan Sinha , Karpuri Thakur The Bihar movement , also known as the JP movement , was a political movement initiated by students in the Indian state of Bihar against misrule and corruption in the state government . in 1974. It was led by the veteran Gandhian socialist Jayaprakash Narayan , popularly known as JP. The movement later turned against Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi 's government in
82-606: A gherao at Bihar Legislative Assembly during a budget session on 18 March 1974. They blocked all roads to the assembly and damaged government properties, including the telephone exchange and the residence of former education minister Ramanand Singh , which was set on fire. Chief Minister Abdul Ghafoor convinced student leaders that he would look into demands. But students at colleges and universities kept protesting and damaging property. The killing of three students by police in Patna provoked student opposition across Bihar. BCSS declared
123-629: A MA in Sociology, and from Ohio State University with a BA in behavioural science. While in the United States, he met K. B. Menon , then teaching at Harvard , ultimately persuading him to return to India and join the independence movement there. Having become a Marxist, Narayan returned from the US to India in late 1929. The same year, he joined the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress) on
164-450: A bill is ordinary bill or money bill. Generally he does not participate in voting but he casts his vote in the case of tie. Nand Kishore Yadav is the current Speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Assembly also has a Secretariat which is headed by Secretary. He is under the disciplinary control of Speaker. The function of Secretary is to assist the Speaker. Bateshwar Nath Pandey
205-491: A canning factory, washed dishes, and worked as a garage mechanic and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. These jobs gave Narayan an insight into the difficulties of the working class. After a semester studying chemistry at UC Berkeley, his fees doubled and Narayan was forced to transfer to The University of Iowa and later to other universities. He pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help from Professor Edward A. Ross . In Wisconsin, Narayan
246-467: A conference of Citizens for Democracy, an organization demanding civil rights, held on 13 and 14 April. During May 1974 various students' and peoples' organisations kept demanding dissolution of the assembly and also demanded the government's resignation, but did not succeed. On 5 June, he told people at a Patna rally to organize a protest at the Bihar Legislative Assembly , which resulted in
287-455: A goal of starting an underground movement for freedom. Many young socialist leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Ali took part in the movement. Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya with Narayan on his shoulders, a distance of about 124 km (77 mi). Narayan also served as the chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund). Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan
328-698: A government at the Centre in India. In Bihar, after the Janata Party came to power, Karpuri Thakur won the chief ministership battle from the then Bihar Janata Party President Satyendra Narayan Sinha to become the Bihar Chief Minister in 1977. On 17 February 2002, Sampoorna Kranti Express , named in recognition of the Bihar Movement, started its service between Rajendra Nagar Terminal in Patna and New Delhi . It
369-576: A massive gathering at Patna, he spoke to the Congress government of Indira Gandhi. He realised the importance of fighting within the democratic system rather than a party-less democracy so he contacted opposition parties, which finally resulted in the formation of the Janata Party . The Bihar Movement turned into a Satyagraha and volunteers kept protesting at the Bihar Legislative Assembly , inviting arrest starting on 4 December. Indira Gandhi did not change
410-518: A national Emergency on the midnight of 25 June 1975. Desai, opposition leaders, and dissenting members of Gandhi's own party were arrested that day. Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd of 100,000 people at Ramlila grounds and recited Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' 's poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai . Narayan was detained at Chandigarh ; he asked for one month parole to mobilise relief in flooded parts of Bihar. His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October 1975, and he
451-566: A statewide strike on 23 March. Meanwhile, JP visited Gujarat to witness the Nav Nirman movement on 11 February and declared his intention to lead on 30 March 1974. BCSS approached JP to lead the agitation while he was withdrawing himself from the Bhoodan movement . He agreed. On 1 April 1974, Indira Gandhi responded to the Bihar Movement's demands for the removal of the elected government. She asked, "How can such persons who continue to seek favours from
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#1733085526939492-506: A three-day statewide strike starting from 3 October and addressed a massive public gathering on 6 October. Demanding the resignation of MLAs started on 4 November, much as the Nav Nirman movement had done, but 42 out of 318 MLAs had resigned before that, including 33 from opposition parties. Many MLAs refused to resign. Government tried hard to stop people from reaching Patna for the movement and also lathi charged people. On 18 November, at
533-468: A vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance. The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a central government. In the 1977 Indian presidential election , Narayan was proposed as President of India by Janata Party leaders but he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy , then Speaker of the Lok Sabha , became president. At
574-568: Is not a permanent body and is subject to dissolution. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first sitting unless dissolved sooner. Members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected by the people. There are three sessions (Budget session, Monsoon session, Winter session) every year. The Sessions of Legislative Assembly are presided by Speaker and The Speaker certifies that whether
615-401: Is one of the fastest train services in India, traversing a distance of 1001 kilometres in under 14 hours. Jayprakash Narayan Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava ( listen ; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), also known as JP and Lok Nayak ( Hindi for " People's leader "), was an Indian politician, theorist and independence activist . He is mainly remembered for leading
656-650: The Bihar Vidhan Sabha is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India . The first state elections were held in 1952. Before partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the Assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After partition, seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first Leader of the House and the first Chief Minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh
697-654: The Congress Socialist Party (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as president and Narayan as general secretary. When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942, Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla , Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra , Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with
738-571: The moneyed people ... dare to speak of corruption?" A silent student procession of 10,000 was held in Patna on 8 April. On 12 April, government opponents died in police firing at Gaya during the Paralyse the Government programme. Students also demanded dissolution of the Bihar Legislative Assembly . People demonstrated by blocking roads such as NH 31 and imposing a self-curfew. JP went to Delhi and attended
779-511: The Chief Minister of Bihar, Abdul Ghafoor , because she did not want to give in to protestors' calls for the dissolution of the assembly as she did in Gujarat. JP kept travelling all across India, strengthening and uniting opposition parties to defeat Congress. The election in Gujarat was delayed until Morarji Desai went on a hunger strike demanding it be held. The election was held on 10 June and
820-590: The Indian prime minister Morarji Desai , causing a wave of national mourning, including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, and the closure of schools and shops. When he was told about the mistake a few weeks later, Narayan smiled. Narayan died in Patna, Bihar, on 8 October 1979, three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes and heart disease. . Bihar Legislative Assembly Official Opposition (105) Other Opposition (1) The Bihar Legislative Assembly also known as
861-604: The JP movement. All India Students' Federation (AISF) connected with the CPI was also involved. Opposition parties called a statewide strike from 1973. This resulted in police firing on strikers in Bhopal , the capital of Madhya Pradesh , causing the deaths of eight students on 17 August 1973 owing to their participation in the JP Movement. The Raina Enquiry Commission also confirm that the action of
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#1733085526939902-606: The Supreme Court. She recommended President V. V. Giri to appoint A. N. Ray as a Chief Justice to get a favourable outcome in the case. JP opposed such a movement in his letters to Indira Gandhi and called for her to resign. She imposed a nationwide Emergency to safeguard her position on the night of 25 June 1975. Immediately after proclamation of emergency, prominent opposition political leaders Jayaprakash Narayan & Satyendra Narayan Sinha were arrested without any prior notice, so were dissenting members of her own party. JP
943-473: The age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi , daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919. Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies. Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April 1973 after a long battle with cancer. In March 1979, while he was in hospital, Narayan's death was erroneously announced by
984-460: The arrest of 1,600 agitators and 65 student leaders by 1 July 1974. He advocated a program of social transformation by participation of youth in social activities. He called it Total Revolution (Sampurna Kranti) Movement. Protests and closure of colleges and universities also occurred on 15 July. Some colleges started after that and examinations were held. JP told students to boycott examinations but many students appeared in examinations. He called for
1025-679: The canal department of the state government and often toured the region. When Narayan was nine years old, he left his village to enroll in the seventh class of the collegiate school at Patna. This was his first break from village life. Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a student hostel in which most of the boys were older than him and included some of Bihar's future leaders, such as its first chief minister Krishna Singh , his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who became politicians and academics. In October 1918, Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and independence activist Prabhavati Devi . After their wedding, because Narayan
1066-581: The central government. It was also referred to as Sampoorna Kranti ( Total Revolution Movement ). When the Nav Nirman movement resulted in the forced resignation of the Gujarat government, student protests had already begun in Bihar. Unlike the Nav Nirman movement, political student outfits like Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) connected with the Jana Sangh , Samajwadi Yuvajan Sabha (SYS) connected with Samajwadi Party , and Lok Dal took an active role in
1107-575: The first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha. After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue his studies in the United States. At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October 1922 and was admitted to University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in January 1923. To pay for his education, Narayan picked grapes, packed fruits at
1148-602: The invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru ; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Congress. Narayan shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha) with whom he shared a lasting friendship. After being jailed in 1930 for civil disobedience against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia , Minoo Masani , Achyut Patwardhan , Asoka Mehta , Basawon Singh , Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders. After his release,
1189-649: The mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for her overthrow in a " total revolution ". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Magsaysay award for public service in 1965. Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902 in the village of Sitabdiara, Saran district , Bengal Presidency , British India (present-day Ballia district , Uttar Pradesh , India). His house
1230-614: The result was declared on 12 June 1975, with Congress losing. The same day(12 June 1975), the Allahabad High Court declared Indira Gandhi's election to the Lok Sabha in 1971 void on grounds of electoral malpractice. The court thus ordered her to be removed from her seat in Parliament and banned from running in elections for six years. It effectively removed her from the Prime Minister's office. She rejected calls to resign and went to
1271-822: The then Congress Government in Madhya Pradesh was in excess and the Government had not handled the situation properly. On 18 February 1974, the Patna University Students Union organized a convention which invited student leaders from the whole state. They formed Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti (BCSS) to spearhead the agitation. Lalu Prasad Yadav was chosen as a president. Among the several contemporary youth leaders were Sushil Kumar Modi , Narendra Singh, Bashistha Narain Singh , Chandradeo Prasad Verma , Md Shahabuddin & Ram Vilas Paswan . Their demands were related to education and food in hostels. BCSS called for
Bihar Movement - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-662: The two houses of the Bihar Assembly took place in 22 July 1937. Ram Dayalu Singh was elected as the speaker of the Bihar Assembly . Following are the dates of constitution and dissolution of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. First sitting date and date of completion of term for each Vidhan Sabha can be different from the constitution and dissolution dates (respectively). Md Hidayatullah Khan Awadh Bihari Choudhary (till 28 January 2024) Nand Kishore Yadav (since 15 February 2024) The Bihar Legislative Assembly
1353-474: Was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies. That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being". Inspired by Azad's words, Jayaprakash left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining to his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by Rajendra Prasad , and became among
1394-576: Was President of All India Railwaymen's Federation , the largest labour union in Indian Railways . In 1975, Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of violating electoral laws. Narayan called for Gandhi and the CMs to resign, and the military and police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders. He advocated a program of social transformation, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution). Immediately afterwards, Gandhi proclaimed
1435-458: Was elected as the first Deputy Leader of the house and the first Deputy Chief Minister. After the passing of the Government of India Act 1935 , Bihar and Orissa became separate states. A bicameral system of legislature was introduced according to the act. In 22 July 1936, first Bihar legislative council was set up. It had 30 members and Rajiv Ranjan Prasad was the chairman. First joint session of
1476-490: Was held in custody at Chandigarh even after he had asked for a month's parole for mobilising relief in areas of Bihar gravely affected by flooding. His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October, and he was released on 12 November; diagnosis at Jaslok Hospital , Bombay, revealed kidney failure; he would be on dialysis for the rest of his life. After Indira Gandhi revoked the Emergency on 21 March 1977 and announced elections, it
1517-538: Was introduced to Karl Marx 's book Das Kapital . News of the success of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War made Narayan conclude Marxism was the way to alleviate the suffering of the masses. He studied books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician M. N. Roy . Narayan's paper on sociology Cultural Variation was declared the best of the year. Narayan graduated from University of Wisconsin with
1558-404: Was near the banks of the flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river swelled, the house would be slightly damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement that is now known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. Narayan came from a Srivastava Kayastha family. He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father was a junior official in
1599-487: Was released on 12 November the same year. At Jaslok Hospital , Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with kidney failure; he would be on kidney dialysis for the rest of his life. In the UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan that was chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker . On 18 January 1977, Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency and announced elections. The Janata Party ,
1640-457: Was under JP's guidance that the Janata Party (a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the anti-Indira Gandhi opposition) was formed. Considered to be an election of newcomers, a huge crowd of youth activists and leaders used to gather before the residence of the Bihar Janta party president Satyendra Narayan Sinha . The Janata Party was voted into power, and became the first non-Congress party to form
1681-469: Was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, Mahatma Gandhi invited Prabhavati to become an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram ( Ahmedabad ). Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against the passing of the Rowlatt Act of 1919. Azad was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education