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25-569: Attested by the name Ispira (712), Ispira (XIV). Appears as Ispratium in Aegidius Tschudi 's Beschreibung Galliae Comatae . According to Gaudenzio Merula the origin of the name could lie onto the rocky nature of this landscape; Hisprum quasi asperum ob saxorum difficultates , that is to say equivalent to the Latin hispida (cf. hispid and ispido ) and related to the Provençal ispre with

50-768: A boarding school in Basel run by Heinrich Glarean , with whom he maintained a lifelong correspondence. He had brief stints as a mercenary in Northern Italy in 1523 and in Southern France in 1536. Beginning his political career, Tschudi served as bailiff of Sargans from 1530 to 1532, of Rorschach (on behalf of the Prince-Abbot of St. Gall ) from 1532 to 1533, and of the County of Baden from 1533 to 1535 and from 1549 to 1551, where he had his first contact with Roman antiquities on

75-441: A distinct province, but towards the end of the 1st century AD Vindelicia was added to it; hence, Tacitus ( Germania , 41) could speak of Augusta Vindelicorum ( Augsburg ) as "a colony of the province of Raetia". The whole province (including Vindelicia) was at first under a military prefect , then under a procurator ; it had no standing army quartered in it but relied on its own native troops and militia for protection until

100-539: A portion of that people who had settled in the plains of the Po and were driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls , when they assumed the name of "Raetians" from an eponymous leader Raetus. Even if their Etruscan origin be accepted, at the time when the land became known to the Romans, Celtic tribes were already in possession of much of it and had amalgamated so completely with the original inhabitants that, generally speaking,

125-682: A summary of these discoveries see Georg von Wyss in the Jahrbuch of the Historical Society of Glarus (1895), vol. xxx., in No. i (1894), of the Anzeiger f. schweizerische Geschichte , and in his Geschichte d. Historiographie in d. Schweiz (1895), pp. 196, 201, 202. The original articles by Vogelin (Roman inscriptions) appeared in vols xi., xiv. and xv. (1886–1890) of the Jahrbuch f. schweizer Geschichte , and that by Schulte (Glarus) in vol. xviii. (1893) of

150-698: Is the Chronicon Helveticum , a history of the early Swiss Confederation . Tschudi was born in Glarus on 5 February 1505 to Ludwig Tschudi the Elder, a Swiss mercenary in French service and veteran of the Swabian War , and Margaretha Kilchmatter. He studied at the Latin school of Glarus, where he had the future Protestant reformer Huldrych Zwingli , then the parish priest of Glarus, as his professor. Tschudi later attended

175-558: The Abbot of Einsiedeln for the final sessions of the Council of Trento . He died in Glarus on 28 February 1572. Tschudi's chief works were not published until long after his death. The Beschreibung Galliae Comatae appeared under Frieda Gallati 's [erratum: Johan Jacob Gallati, 1715-1760; Frieda Gallati 1876-1955] editorship in 1758, and is mainly devoted to a topographical, historical and antiquarian description of ancient Helvetia and Rhaetia,

200-856: The "d" shifting to an "r" due to rhotacism . Some of the main Institutes of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) are located there, including the Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen (IPSC), the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) and the Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), as well as the Ispra site Directorate (IS). Locally,

225-544: The 2nd century AD. During the reign of Marcus Aurelius , Raetia was governed by the commander of the Legio III Italica , which was based in Castra Regina ( Regensburg ) by 179 AD. Under Diocletian , Raetia formed part of the diocese of the vicarius Italiae , and was subdivided into Raetia prima , with a praeses at Curia Raetorum ( Chur ) and Raetia secunda , with a praeses at Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg),

250-602: The Great , who placed it under a dux , to some extent revived its prosperity. Much of Raetia prima remained as a separate political unit, Raetia Curiensis , for several centuries, until it was attached to the Duchy of Swabia in AD 917. The land was very mountainous, and the inhabitants, when not engaged in predatory expeditions, chiefly supported themselves by breeding cattle and cutting timber, little attention being paid to agriculture. Some of

275-533: The Raetians of later times may be regarded as a Celtic people, although non-Celtic tribes (es. Euganei ) were settled among them. The Raetians are first mentioned (but only incidentally) by Polybius , and little is heard of them till after the end of the Republic . There is little doubt, however, that they retained their independence until their subjugation in 15 BC by Tiberius and Drusus . At first Raetia formed

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300-580: The ancient traditions of the Swiss defence of liberty, giving roles not only to William Tell but to the heroic moment of the foundation of the Confederacy, when Werner Stauffacher representing Schwyz, Walter Fürst of Uri and Arnold of Melchtal for Unterwalden meet at the Rutli, a meadow above Lake Lucerne, and take an oath to defend Swiss freedom. Tschudi’s influential text dates that event to 8 November 1307. Down to

325-652: The cause of the Counter-Reformation . It is, however, as the historian of the Swiss Confederation that he is best known. He collected material for three major works, which have never wholly lost their value, though his researches have been largely corrected. In 1538 his book on Rhaetia , written in 1528, was published in Latin and in German: De prisca ac vera Alpina Rhætia , or Die uralt warhafftig Alpisch Rhætia . In his later years, Tschudi became an advisor to

350-571: The former corresponding to the old Raetia, the latter to Vindelicia. The boundary between them is not clearly defined, but may be stated generally as a line drawn eastwards from the lacus Brigantinus ( Lake Constance ) to the Oenus ( River Inn ). During the last years of the Western Roman Empire , the land was in a desolate condition, but its occupation by the Ostrogoths in the time of Theodoric

375-569: The latter part being his early work on Rhaetia revised and greatly enlarged. This book was designed practically as an introduction to his magnum opus, the Chronicon Helveticum , part of which (from 1001 to 1470) was published by J. R. Iselin in two stately folios (1734–1736); the rest consists only of rough materials. There exist two rather antiquated biographies of Tschudi by I. Fuchs (2 vols, St Gall, 1805) and C. Vogel (Zürich, 1856). Tschudi worked from both documents and legends to portray

400-552: The latter part of the 19th century Swiss historical writers had largely based their works on his investigations and manuscripts. The historical reputation of Tschudi has suffered after later research. His statements and documents relating to Roman times and the early history of Glarus and his own family had long roused suspicion. Detailed examination has proved that he not merely claimed to have copied Roman inscriptions that had never existed, and amended others in an arbitrary fashion, but that he deliberately forged documents to push back

425-681: The north with Vindelicia , on the south-west with Transalpine Gaul and on the south with Venetia et Histria , a region of Roman Italy . It thus comprised the districts occupied in modern times by eastern and central Switzerland (containing the Upper Rhine and Lake Constance ), southern Germany ( Bavaria and most of Baden-Württemberg ), Vorarlberg and the greater part of Tyrol in Austria , and part of northern Lombardy in Italy . The region of Vindelicia (today eastern Württemberg and western Bavaria)

450-403: The origin of his family to the 10th century. He thus also entirely misrepresented the early history of Glarus, which is that of a democratic community, and not (as he pretended) that of a preserve of several aristocratic families. Tschudi's historical credit is thus low, and no document printed or historical statement made by him can be accepted without careful verification and examination. For

475-538: The research establishment is referred to as the CCR (Centro Comune di Ricerca) or as EURATOM - based on its history in nuclear research. The site covers an area of 157 hectares (390 acres), where the original presence of pines, birches, oaks and chestnut trees has partially been preserved. The site still contains a number of experimental nuclear reactors in the process of being decommissioned. The Italian-American ballerina Enrica Soma (the mother of actress Anjelica Huston )

500-568: The same periodical. For the defence, see a weak pamphlet, Schulte u. Tschudi (Coire, 1898), by P. C. von Planta . Rhaetia Raetia or Rhaetia ( / ˈ r iː ʃ ( i ) ə / REE -sh(ee-)ə , Latin: [ˈrae̯.ti.a] ) was a province of the Roman Empire named after the Rhaetian people . It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii , on the east with Noricum , on

525-419: The site of Vindonissa . He played an increasingly important role in the canton of Glarus in the 1550s, as councillor, vice- landamman , and finally as chief magistrate or landamann from 1558 to 1560. As the Swiss representative at the 1559 Diet of Augsburg , Tschudi was ennobled by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor . Originally inclined to moderation, Tschudi became later in life more and more devoted to

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550-565: The valleys, however, were rich and fertile, and produced wine, which was considered equal to any in Italia . Augustus preferred Raetian wine to any other. Considerable trade in pitch , honey , wax , and cheese occurred. The chief towns of Raetia (excluding Vindelicia) were Tridentum ( Trento ) and Curia (Coire or Chur ). It was traversed by two great lines of Roman roads: the Via Claudia Augusta leading from Verona and Tridentum across

575-522: Was Augusta Vindelicorum , present-day Augsburg in southern Germany. Little is known of the origin or history of the Raetians , who appear in the records as one of the most powerful and warlike of the Alpine tribes. Livy states distinctly that they were of Etruscan origin (a belief that was favored by Niebuhr and Mommsen ). A tradition reported by Justin and Pliny the Elder affirmed that they were

600-672: Was annexed to the province at a later date than the others. The northern border of Raetia during the reigns of emperors Augustus and Tiberius was the River Danube . Later the Limes Germanicus marked the northern boundary, stretching for 166 km north of the Danube. Raetia was connected to Italy across the Alps over the Reschen Pass , by the Via Claudia Augusta . The capital of the province

625-537: Was born to parents who had immigrated to the U.S. from Ispra. This article on a location in the Province of Varese is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Aegidius Tschudi Aegidius Tschudi ( Glarus , 5 February 1505 – Glarus, 28 February 1572) was a Swiss historian , statesman and soldier, an eminent member of the Tschudi family of Glarus, Switzerland . His best-known work

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