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21-535: Since 1905 the Islas Marías Federal Prison has operated on María Madre Island, using the island’s natural resources. The prison colony is mainly engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, forest harvesting and fishing. In this respect, in order to protect and conserve the reserve’s natural resources and the ecological processes that take place there, it is important to promote sustainable resource use and guarantee ecosystem conservation and integrity to enable

42-543: A free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from "UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory" . "Licensing page" . Islas Mar%C3%ADas Federal Prison The Islas Marías Federal Penal Colony was a penitentiary establishment of the Federal Government of Mexico , administered through the Federal Secretariat of Public Security . It is located on Isla María Madre,

63-662: A biosphere reserve but with the prison system still existing. The prison situation in Mexico became so critical that the government announced in 2004 that they were reactivating the Islas Marias prison to transfer 2,500 prisoners from prisons all over the country. On 18 February 2019, Mexican president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador , signed a declaration closing the federal prison on the Islas Marías, saying he wanted to promote "more schools and fewer prisons". Islas Marias Federal Prison

84-646: Is independent of the government and is exercised by an officer of the Mexican Navy. The first chaplain in Islas Marías history was prisoner Arturo Salcido, who was sentenced for trafficking of drugs. Salcido built the first temple, and assembled the first Christian Church in the prison. Secretariat of the Interior The Secretariat of the Interior ( Spanish : Secretaría de Gobernación , lit.   'Secretariat for Governance'; SEGOB )

105-399: Is manifest in its function as a reservoir to Mexico of endemic species. Fifty-four species of land and marine fauna are protected under some risk category and of these, 19 are endemic. Regarding the flora, 11 endemic or restricted distribution taxa have been recorded, together with six species (one endemic) that are included in a risk category according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Furthermore,

126-611: Is the executive department of the Mexican government concerned with the country's domestic affairs, the presenting of the president's bills to Congress , their publication in the Official Journal of the Federation , and certain issues of national security. The country's principal intelligence agency, CNI , is directly answerable to the Secretary of the Interior. The Secretary is a member of

147-624: The Secretariat of Communications and Transport , Post Offices , and the Secretariat of the Navy . Another group of settlers is made up of religious ministers and acolytes of the Catholic Church , nuns of the Order of Social Service, and invited teachers, technicians and their relatives. The colony is governed by a state official who is both the governor of the islands and chief judge. The military command

168-444: The 'Office for Foreign Relations and Government' in 1841 and then again in 1843 as the 'Office for Home Affairs and Policing'. The Office eventually had some of its powers separated into other ministries and, in 1853, was once again named 'Office for Home Affairs' —as it is still called up to the present day. The Secretariat of the Interior in its modern day form is concerned principally with the good management and proper application of

189-667: The Realm Overseas". On 22 October 1814, the "Constitutional Declaration for the Emancipation of Mexican America", known as the Constitution of Apatzingán , made provisions for a republican form of government by way of Article 134. The Apatzingán Constitution provided for an Executive Branch known as the Supreme Government which would be equipped with an Department for Home Affairs, among other governmental departments. This position

210-562: The United States ) and is occasionally translated to English as Ministry , Secretariat or Department of the Interior . In 1821, after the establishment of what was then the Provisional Cabinet (Junta Gubernativa Provisional), and given public urgings to organise the country's government, regulation was produced outlining the functions of a new governmental arm, then styled the "Office for Domestic and Foreign Affairs". The new agency

231-459: The escapes are due to corruption. For many years the prison was administered by the Secretariat of the Interior . Over the years the prison population has fluctuated from 300 to 3000 prisoners. In addition to prisoners, on Maria Madre island, there are employees of diverse institutions of the federal government, such as the Secretariat of Public Education , the Secretariat of the Environment ,

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252-596: The latter part of the Zedillo government, was seen as Zedillo's personal favorite during the Institutional Revolutionary Party's primaries (the first the party would ever hold) and during his unsuccessful bid which saw his political undoing at the hands of PAN candidate Vicente Fox . In turn, Fox's Secretary of the Interior, Santiago Creel , ran in the National Action Party's primaries in 2006, but

273-521: The northernmost and largest island in the Marías Islands archipelago off the Pacific coast of Mexico. Built in 1905, under the government of Porfirio Díaz , the prison of las Islas Marías was "the pride of the government" becoming the most modern prison model of its time, "escape proof", which operated as an alternative to house the delinquents, who due to their profile and background, could not be held in

294-624: The policies of the Federal Government within its national borders. It is a department of the national executive branch, whose origins date back to article 222 of the 1812 Spanish Constitution , which received royal assent on 19 March 1812. Among the Cabinet Secretaries mentioned in the constitution were those of "Governance of the Realm in the Peninsula and Adjacent Islands" and "Governance of

315-572: The population of the Penitentiary Colony to remain on the island in the long term. One of the strategic lines established in the reserve’s Conservation and Management Plan is to include environmental conservation in the social re-adaptation process promoted by the penitentiary authorities, by involving the inhabitants of the penitentiary in natural resource protection and sustainable management activities. Because of its isolation for over eight million years, Islas Marías' importance as an ecosystem

336-458: The president's Cabinet and is, given the constitutional implications of the post, the most important cabinet member. Additionally, in case of both temporary and absolute absences of the president, the Secretary of the Interior assumes the president's executive powers provisionally . The Office is practically equivalent to Ministries of the Interior in most other countries (with the exception of

357-403: The prison of Lecumberri . Until 1950, this prison colony was known as a feared detention center, due to violence, disease, and forced labor. It is calculated that the total number of prisoners to be housed there is above 29,000. During the government of Ernesto Zedillo , the government decided to modernize the prison system and Islas Marias was deactivated. On 27 November 2003, it was declared

378-766: The reserve is an important refuge, nesting and feeding site for large colonies of sea birds. The marine environment is highly productive, reflected in the great diversity of organisms to be found, such as coral reefs, reef-fish, sharks, rays, turtles and marine mammals. According to the National Biodiversity Information System of Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) in Islas Marías Biosphere Reserve there are over 945 plant and animal species from which 29 are in at risk category and 12 are exotics. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

399-542: Was answerable for managing the functioning of the government in general. The first person to take up the Directorship of the Office was José Manuel de Herrera who held the post between 1821 and 1823. Later on, it became necessary to particularise the duties of certain government agencies, which, in 1843, lead to the creation of the 'Office for Home Affairs' (also styled 'Department of the Interior'), which would later be re-styled as

420-408: Was historically seen as being a heartbeat away from the presidency, because several Secretaries of the Interior were chosen as presidential candidates for the following term by incumbent presidents Plutarco Elías Calles , Emilio Portes Gil , Lázaro Cárdenas , Miguel Alemán Valdés , Adolfo Ruiz Cortines , Gustavo Díaz Ordaz , Luis Echeverría . Francisco Labastida , Secretary of the Interior during

441-465: Was home to some well-known prisoners including: The prison has had at least 76 escapes in the last 25 years of which 29 took place in 1986 alone. According to newspaper reports the causes are minimum vigilance, shortage of guards and equipment. Among the most dangerous to escape were criminals sentenced for drug trafficking, 28 murderers, and kidnappers. Of the 76 escapees from the Islas Marías only 10 have been recaptured. According to one source 95% of

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