The Isiboro River is a river of Bolivia .
40-652: 15°13′33″S 64°56′01″W / 15.2258°S 64.9336°W / -15.2258; -64.9336 This Cochabamba Department location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Bolivia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cochabamba Department Cochabamba ( Aymara : Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu , Spanish : Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] , Quechua : Quchapampa Suyu ), from Quechua qucha or qhucha , meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain",
80-414: A Desert climate To the extreme southwest, is a small tract of Puna which features a cold Tundra climate , with unusual subpolar oceanic characteristics. Precipitation in this area ranges between 300mm and 650mm per year. Since May 2010, the chief executive officer of Bolivia departments has been the governor; before then, the officer was called the prefect, and until 2006, the prefect was appointed by
120-509: A considerable historical and archaeological importance. To the southeast of the highlands of Cochabamba, are semi-arid valleys and mountains terminating at the banks of the Wapaymayu or Río Grande. This area, famous for its cultural history, is marked by dry valleys and mountains, with agricultural lands bordering rivers throughout the region. Precipitation in this region is generally sparse, oscillating between 300mm and 600mm per year, bordering on
160-691: A floristic connection to those in Argentina, Paraguay and Southern Brazil as opposed to more tropical plant communities that result from warm and moist northern climates. Navarro and Ferreira have developed a database of plant species in Bolivia and identified 39 separate vegetation zones in Bolivia within twelve general physiographic-biogeographical units of which four fall in the boundaries of Chuquisaca Department including: Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional, Prepuna or High Interandean Valleys, Bolivian-Tucuman Formation, and Chaco. Using Navarro and Ferreira's categories and descriptions based on vegetation zones,
200-491: A former military aide to the Luis García Meza dictatorship of the 1980s, had allied himself with the leaders of Bolivia's eastern departments in a dispute with President Evo Morales over regional autonomy and other political issues. The protestors blockaded the highways, bridges, and main roads, having days earlier set fire to the departmental seat of government, trying to force the resignation of Reyes Villa. Citizens attacked
240-463: A human population of 631,000 people humans are a part of the ecology of Chuquisaca. The grazing of cattle and introduction of invasive feral citrus trees has affected the native plant populations in the department. Native forests and ecosystems have contracted as land has been converted to pasture and erosion is widespread as a result of human agricultural activities on steep slopes. The chief executive office of Bolivia departments (since May 2010)
280-503: A thousand years due to its fertile productive soils and climate. Archaeological evidence suggests that the initial valley inhabitants were of various ethnic indigenous groups. Tiwanaku , Tupuraya, Mojocoya, Omereque and Inca inhabited the valley at various times before the Spanish arrived. The first Spanish inhabitant of the Valley was Garci Ruiz de Orellana in 1542. He purchased the majority of
320-525: Is a department of Bolivia located in the center south. It borders on the departments of Cochabamba , Tarija , Potosí , and Santa Cruz . The departmental capital is Sucre , which is also the constitutional capital of Bolivia. The department is traversed by the main cordillera of the Andes mountain range and lesser cordilleras. Parts of it lay within the basin of the Amazon River , and other parts within
360-504: Is characterized by a mesotropical dry xeric bioclimatic zone . Seasonally torrential waters and salinity levels affect regional vegetation patterns in this zone. Bolivian-Tucuman Formation. With a wide elevation range between 600m to 3900m this zone contains pluviestacional subhumid and locally humid bioclimatic zones. The high elevation Rio Grande and Pilcomayo river valleys transect this unit and are characterized by dry xeric vegetation zones with endemic and varied speciation especially in
400-652: Is divided into 16 provinces ( provincias ), which are further subdivided into 47 municipalities ( municipios ) and – on the fourth level – into 144 cantons . The provinces with their capitals and population according to census 2012 are listed as follow: The municipalities in Cochabamba Department can also be grouped informally into large regions. Provinces are not subsumed under regions, which have rather different borders. The five regions are: The languages spoken in Cochabamba Department are mainly Spanish and Quechua . The following table shows
440-559: Is needed to find new productive wells. Once called “the basket grain of Bolivia” today Cochabamba produces just a portion of the agriculture output of the country. Overpopulation in the productive valleys and “minifundio” doomed the once competitive production. Nevertheless, Cochabamba is still important in poultry, dairy, tropical fruits, potatoes, among others. Recently, Cochabamba experiences some improvement in manufacturing and industry. The cement mill of COBOCE located in Capinota almost triples
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#1733085870913480-460: Is one of Bolivia's most diverse regions, with a similar orography and diversity to La Paz department . Cochabamba is made up of a variety of regions. The northern portions of the department, known as the Chapare, is a region of moist Southwestern Amazonian moist forests with high levels of precipitation between 2,000mm and 7,000mm a year. This region is marked by steep hills and mountains at the edge of
520-460: Is one of the nine departments of Bolivia . It is known to be the " granary " of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km . Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba , known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year. The Cochabamba valley has been inhabited for over
560-450: Is the governor; until then, the office was called the prefect, and until 2006 the prefect was appointed by the president of Bolivia . The current governor, Damián Condori Herrera, member of the CST , was elected on 7 March 2021. Under the 2009 Constitution, each Bolivian department has an elected Departmental Legislative Assembly. The first elections were held 4 April 2010. The majority party in
600-570: The president of Bolivia . The current governor, Humberto Sánchez of the Movement for Socialism – Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (MAS–IPSP) was elected on 7 March 2021 and took office on 4 May. The MAS–IPSP has been the dominant political party in the department since the 2008 recall referendum. Under the 2009 Constitution , Bolivian departments have an elected legislature,
640-490: The 18th century as mining began to wane. In 1786, King Charles III of Spain renamed the city to the 'loyal and valiant' Villa of Cochabamba. This was done to commend the city's pivotal role in suppressing the indigenous rebellions of 1781 in Oruro by sending armed forces to Oruro to quell the uprisings. Since the late 19th century it has again been generally successful as an agricultural centre for Bolivia. The 1793 census shows that
680-549: The Amazon or Rio de la Plata river basins. To the east of the central ridges lies a stretch of territory containing low elevation flat Chaco topography. 90% of the land in the department of Chuquisaca has an inclination of 70% or more. Ecological and vegetation zones in the department of Chuquisaca vary widely according to a diversity of abiotic factors including soil formation and textures, rainfall patterns, and mineral and salinity content of water. Elevation plays an important role in
720-977: The Central Andes descending into the flat floodplains of the Llanos de Moxos to the north of Cochabamba. Further east of this region is a transition zone between the Tropical Wet-and-Dry forests of Santa Cruz and the Chapare, where Monsoonal climates predominate with an average annual precipitation between 1,800mm and 3,000mm. South of the Tropical lowlands of Cochabamba lies a thin band of montane cloud forests that run slightly southeast from north to south in Cochabamba. This region features an unusual subtropical highland climate and Oceanic climate , with precipitation year-round, with some drying periods. Precipitation in this region ranges between 1,000mm and 2,500mm. The center of
760-569: The Charcas, who were dispersed along riverbanks and lowlands. Their leaders, jampiris , sorcerers, and priests resided in the capital, Choque-Chaca , which according to 17th century chronicles had a population of several thousand. Sucre (elev. 2750 m) is called the city of the four names, each name corresponding to a different period of its history. It was founded by the Spaniard Pedro de Anzures in 1538. It thrived due to its regional proximity to
800-605: The Departmental Legislative Assembly. The Cochabamba Assembly has 34 members including two indigenous representatives. The first elections were held 4 April 2010 and the current composition was determined at the regional election on 7 March 2021. The current executive committee, elected on 3 May 2022, consists of Elena Aine Espinoza as president, Francisco Otalora Ticona as first vice-president, Pedro Andrés Badran Leon as second vice-president and Julieta Veizaga Guevara as first secretary. Cochabamba Department
840-669: The Rio Grande river valley and vegetation influence from the Chaco in the Pilcomayo river valley. Wet forest ecosystems like those found in more northern Yungas valleys are found on high ridges where clouds form. Chaco : from 400 to 900 m this unit is characterized by a xeric bioclimate. Sandy soils in this unit were formed from alluvial processes from the Parapeti and Grande rivers. Soil drainage affects vegetation dispersion within this unit. With
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#1733085870913880-512: The basin of the Río de La Plata . The surface area of the department is 51,524 square kilometers. The topography of central Chuquisaca consists of a series of ridges rising up to 1500 m that run north and south with flat valleys between the ridges. To the west of these ridges abruptly rise the Andes Mountains to 3000 m forming a prepuna landmass that is cut into by large river valleys that drain into
920-521: The city had a population of 22,305 persons. There were 12,980 mestizos, 6,368 Spaniards, 1,182 indigenous natives, 1,600 mulattos and 175 African slaves. In 2000, Cochabamba was wracked by large-scale protests over the privatisation of the city's water supply, known as the Water War . In January 2007 city dwellers clashed with mostly rural protestors, leaving four dead and over 130 injured. The democratically elected Prefect of Cochabamba, Manfred Reyes Villa,
960-539: The department is marked by the temperate xeric valleys of Cochabamba (known as Kanata), Alto Cochabamba, and Capinota. These valley areas are marked by dry montane forests, and semi-arid orographies. Temperate climates year-round feature considerable diurnal temperature variation due to the high altitude. A majority of the department's population lives in this area, where major cities are located like Cochabamba , Cliza , Punata , Sacaba , Quillacollo , Arani , Santivańez , Capinota , Irpa Irpa , among others. Surrounding
1000-474: The dispersion of vegetation species and wider ecosystems as they respond to microclimates. As the Andes Mountains became uplifted, plants adapted to dryer and higher microclimates resulting in a high level of speciation especially in the dry forest river valleys of the Bolivian-Tucuman formation. colder and drier air from more austral parts of South America have resulted in migration of plant communities with
1040-580: The famous silver mines of Potosi, and as Charcas served as capital of the Real Audiencia de Charcas, encompassing all of current Bolivia's territory and more. Reverting to its native name of Chuquisaca, it was the Upper Peru's chief administrative center and largest city. It was there that the first public call for independence from Spain took place, on May 25, 1809, and where the Act of Independence from Spanish rule
1080-595: The geographical and ecological characteristics of the Chuquisaca Department can be described as follows. Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional. From an elevation of 3200m in Chuquisaca to nearly 6000 meters in Potosi, this zone is characterized by the puna, altoandean, and subnival and nival ecological zones with a pluviestacional subhumid bioclimate. Prepuna or High Interandean Valley. From 2300m to 3200m, this zone
1120-603: The land from local tribal chiefs Achata and Consavana through a title registered in 1552 at the Imperial City of Potosí. The price paid was 130 pesos. His residence, known as the House of Mayorazgo, still stands in the Cala Cala neighbourhood of the city. The city, called Villa de Oropesa was founded on 2 August 1571 by order of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa. It was to be an agricultural production centre to provide food for
1160-467: The main routes of transport joining the two main cities, the host government La Paz and the industrial hub Santa Cruz. Therefore, many cervices i.e. transport, banking, telecommunication, gastronomy, are economically important in the corridor La Paz – Santa Cruz. Extraction of oil was very important for the economy in the past; especially in Chapare where the wells are located. By 2013 many of the exploited wells were showing signs of depletion. Thus, investment
1200-425: The mining towns of the relatively nearby Altiplano region, particularly the city of Potosí which became one of the largest and richest cities in the world during the 17th century – funding the vast wealth that ultimately made Spain a world power at the time. With the silver mining industry in Potosi at its height, Cochabamba thrived during its first centuries of existence. The city entered a period of decline during
1240-496: The number of those belonging to the recognised group of speakers. Cochabamba is home to a diverse amount of religious adherents, with 42% identifying as Catholics, 32% as Evangelical Christians, 0.67% as Muslims, and the remaining 27% as identifying with either no religion or other religions. The Cochabamba economy is based mainly in services, but recently it is experiencing some diversification in manufacturing, agriculture and tourism. The geographic location of Cochabamba makes it
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1280-642: The production tapering the strong demand. The roads to the industrial park and other facilities of the park were improved making it more competitive for the local and new industries. Also, it is worth to mention the almost 1b USD government investment in the petro chemistry (urea plant) located in Bulo Bulo. 17°20′S 65°30′W / 17.333°S 65.500°W / -17.333; -65.500 Chuquisaca Department Chuquisaca ( Spanish pronunciation: [tʃukiˈsaka] ); Guarani : Chuquisaca ; Quechua : Chuqichaka ; Aymara : Chuqisaka )
1320-405: The protestors, breaking the blockade and routing them, while the police did little to stop the violence. Further attempts by the protestors to reinstate the blockade and threaten the government were unsuccessful, but the underlying tensions have not been resolved. In July 2007, a monument erected by veterans of January's protest movement in honour of those killed and injured by government supporters
1360-460: The regular seats. The current executive committee, elected on 28 April 2022, consists of Santos Ricardo Carnicel Serrano as president, Evert Cruz Quiroga as first vice-president, Janeth Rocio Blanco Martínez as second vice-president, Juan Cuellar as first secretary and Anastacio Flores Pinto as second secretary. The department is divided into 10 provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities and cantons . The native inhabitants were
1400-417: The remaining population is mestizo. Cochabamba Department is bordered by Chuquisaca and Potosi Departments to the south, Oruro and La Paz Departments to the west, Beni Department to the north, and Santa Cruz Department to the east. The borders are formed mainly by rivers, like Ichilo to the east, Rio Grande to the south and Cotacajes to the west. Geographically and climatically, Cochabamba
1440-403: The smaller valleys of the department's center from the west to the east, is a region of Andean highlands, featuring a subtropical highland climate , with annual precipitation averaging between 400mm and 1,400mm. This region of rocky valleys and moderately sized mountains features mosaics of high altitude forests and agricultural heartland. This region features dramatic and diverse geographies, with
1480-449: The tin-producing regions of Oruro and La Paz, Sucre's importance waned, leading to the displacement of the legislative and executive powers to La Paz. However, in honor of Sucre's historical preponderance, the judicial branch (Supreme Court) continues to operate there, and the city's official status as capital of the country was never revoked. The languages spoken in the department are mainly Spanish and Quechua . The following table shows
1520-549: The twenty-one member assembly after the first election was held by the Movement towards Socialism (MAS-IPSP) with 15 seats. Four seats were held by We Are All Chuquisaca . Two seats were selected by the Guaraní people through usos y costumbres . The last elections to the Departmental Legislative Assembly took place on 1 March 2021 for seats reserved for the Guaraní people and 7 March for
1560-477: Was destroyed in the middle of the night, reigniting racial conflicts in the city. In August 2008, a nationwide referendum was held, and while President Evo Morales had 67% support in Bolivia, the Prefect of Cochabamba, Manfred Reyes Villa, was not confirmed by the voters of the department. In 2018 Cochabamba hosted the 2018 South American Games ODESUR. Around 74% of Cochabambinos identify as indigenous, while most of
1600-499: Was signed on August 6, 1825. It was immediately designated the capital of independent Bolivia, under the auspices of Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre. Years later, the city of Chuquisaca was renamed Sucre in honor of the Venezuelan-born hero of South America's independence, who had served as the first effective administrator of the country (and second president). When the center of political and economic power shifted north, to
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