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70-717: The 15th Rifle Division was awarded the Order of Lenin , two Orders of the Red Banner , the Order of Suvorov , and the Red Banner of Labour of the Ukrainian SSR , ultimately receiving the honorific designation 15th Sivash - Stettin Order of Lenin, Twice Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov, Order of the Red Banner of Labour Division (15-я стрелковая Сивашско-Штеттинская, ордена Ленина, дважды Краснознамённая, орденов Суворова, Трудового Красного Знамени дивизия). The 15th Rifle Division

140-643: A Germanic tribe mentioned in Ancient Greek and Latin sources, but the etymology or language of the tribal name remains unknown. The oldest known mention of the river or town Elbląg is in the form Ylfing in the report of a sailor Wulfstan from the end of the 9th century, in The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan which was written in Anglo-Saxon in King Alfred 's reign. The city was almost completely destroyed at

210-621: A Polish victory in 1466, with the Second Peace of Thorn , in which the Teutonic Order renounced any claims to the city and recognised it as part of Poland. Within the Kingdom of Poland, the city was administratively part of the Malbork Voivodeship in the newly established autonomous province of Royal Prussia , later also within the larger Greater Poland Province . The city was known to

280-593: A missionary ( Adalbert of Prague ) to the pagan Prussians, a non-Slavic people, on a crusade of conquest and conversion. The crusade encompassed much of the Baltic Sea coast east of the Polish city of Gdańsk , up to Sambia . Starting in 1209 additional crusades were called for by Konrad of Masovia , who mainly sought to conquer Prussian territory, rather than actually convert the indigenous Prussians. Despite heroic efforts, Old Prussian sovereignty would eventually collapse after

350-659: A particularly sound defeat by Prussian forces in 1223, Polish forces in Chełmno , the seat of Christian of Oliva and the Duchy of Masovia , were forced onto the defensive. In 1226 Duke Konrad I of Masovia summoned the Teutonic Knights for assistance; by 1230 they had secured Chełmno (Culm) and begun claiming conquered territories for themselves under the authority of the Holy Roman Empire , although these claims were rejected by

420-558: A significant trading point, but its growth was eventually hindered by the Second Northern War and the Swedish Deluge . The city was transferred to Prussia after the first partition of Poland in 1772. Its trading role greatly weakened, until the era of industrialization in the 19th century. It was then that the famous Elbląg Canal was commissioned. A tourist site and important engineering monument, it has been named one of

490-466: A succession of wars instigated by Pope Honorius III and his frequent calls for crusade. Before the Prussians were finally brought to heel, Polish rulers and the Duchy of Masovia , both by then Christianised peoples, would be continually frustrated in their attempts at northern expansion. Aside from minor border raids, major campaigns against the Prussians would be launched in 1219, 1220, and 1222. After

560-553: Is a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , in northern Poland , located in the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 127,390 inhabitants, as of December 2021. It is the capital of Elbląg County . Elbląg is one of the oldest cities in the province. Its history dates back to 1237, when the Teutonic Order constructed their fortified stronghold on the banks of a nearby river. The castle subsequently served as

630-623: Is a port on the river Elbląg , which flows into the Vistula Lagoon about 10 km (6 mi) to the north, thus giving the city access to the Baltic Sea via the Russian-controlled Strait of Baltiysk . The Old Town ( Polish : Stare Miasto ) is located on the river Elbląg connecting Lake Drużno to the Vistula Lagoon , about 10 km (6 mi) from the lagoon and 60 km (37 mi) from Gdańsk. The climate of Elbląg

700-463: Is a "vibrant city with an attractive tourist base ". It serves as an academic and financial center and among its numerous historic monuments is the Market Gate from 1309 and St. Nicholas Cathedral . Elbląg is also known for its archaeological sites, museums and the country's largest brewery , founded in 1872. Elbląg derives from the earlier German-language Elbing , which is the name by which

770-413: Is a tourist site. Elbląg is not a deep-water port. The draft of vessels using its waterways must be no greater than 1.5 m (4 ft 11.06 in) by law. The turning area at Elbląg is 120 m (393.70 ft) diameter and a pilot is required for large vessels. Deep water vessels cannot manoeuvre; in that sense, Elbląg has become a subsidiary port of Gdańsk . Traffic of smaller vessels at Elbląg

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840-914: Is an oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb ) closely bordering on a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ), owing to its position of the Baltic Sea , which moderates the temperatures, compared to the interior of Poland . The climate is cool throughout the year and there is a somewhat uniform precipitation throughout the year. Typical of Northern Europe, there is little sunshine during the year. [REDACTED]   Teutonic Order 1246–1454 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Poland 1454–1569 [REDACTED]   Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1772 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Prussia 1772–1871 [REDACTED]   German Empire 1871–1918 [REDACTED]   Weimar Germany 1918–1933 [REDACTED]   Nazi Germany 1933–1945 [REDACTED]   People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989 [REDACTED]   Republic of Poland 1989–present The settlement

910-641: Is within the river and very marginal, while larger vessels were unable to reach the open Baltic Sea after 1945 without crossing into Russian territory. Construction of the Vistula Spit canal was completed in September 2022, allowing vessels access to the Baltic Sea while remaining within Polish territory. The city features three quay complexes, movable cranes, and railways. Elbląg is located about 55 kilometres (34 miles) south-east of Gdańsk and 90 km (56 mi) south-west of Kaliningrad , Russia . The city

980-572: The Preussische Fest-Lieder , a number of evangelical Prussian songs. In 1646 the city recorder Daniel Barholz noted that the city council employed Bernsteindreher , or Paternostermacher , licensed and guilded amber craftsmen who worked on prayer beads , rosaries , and many other items made of amber. Members of the Barholz family became mayors and councillors. During the Thirty Years' War ,

1050-569: The 15th Motor Rifle Division . Through much of the postwar period it was part of 7th Guards Army in the Transcaucasus Military District . During this period it was stationed at Kirovakan . The division was maintained at 20% strength during the Cold War . In June 1992, it was disbanded and much of its equipment was taken over by Armenia. The divisional banner was given to the 5209th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base (BHVT), formed from

1120-526: The 2nd Mechanized Corps , 9th Army , Odessa Military District . Its first battle after the start of Operation Barbarossa occurred in the Skulyan raion (part of Kalarash ) on 24 June 1941, after which it pulled back and departed for the Dniester . In July 1941, the 15th Motorized Rifle Division was caught in the encirclement around Uman , and was largely destroyed. Rkkaww2 states that 'The entire headquarters of

1190-584: The Dominican Order was invited to build a monastery on a grant of land. Pomesania was not secured, however, and from 1240 to 1242 the order began building a brick castle on the south side of the settlement. It may be significant that Elbing's first industry was the same as Truso's had been: manufacture of amber and bone artifacts for export. In 1243 William of Modena created the Diocese of Pomesania and three others. They were at first only ideological constructs, but

1260-628: The East Pomeranian Offensive , and the Battle of Berlin in 1945. As the 15th Rifle Division (in June 1941): As the 15th Rifle Division (renamed on 6 August 1941): Before and during World War II: After the Second World War the division briefly became the 26th Mechanised Division in 1945, then in 1957 the 100th Motor Rifle Division . In 1965 it regained its Second World War number and became

1330-627: The Seven Wonders of Poland and a Historic Monument of Poland . After World War II the city again became part of Poland. The war casualties were catastrophic – especially the severe destruction of the Old Town district, one of the grandest in Prussia . The town's population hitherto was German-speaking. The people who had not fled or had returned were entirely expelled and new Polish settlers took their place. Today, Elbląg has over 120,000 inhabitants and

1400-563: The Teutonic Knights knew both the river here and the citadel they established on its banks in 1237. The purpose of the citadel was to prevent the Old Prussian settlement of Truso from being reoccupied, the German crusaders being at war with the pagan Prussians. The citadel was named after the river, itself of uncertain etymology. One traditional etymology connects it to the name of the Helveconae ,

1470-547: The Vistula Lagoon ), and spreads out on both banks, though mainly on the eastern side. To the east is the Elbląg Upland ( Wysoczyzna Elbląska ), a dome pushed up by glacial compression, 390 km in diameter and 200 m (656.17 ft) high at its greatest elevation. Views to the west show flat fields extending to the horizon; this part of the Vistula Delta ( Żuławy Wiślane ) is used mainly for agricultural purposes. To

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1540-734: The War of the Polish Succession in 1734, Elbląg was placed under military occupation by Russia and Saxony . The town came again under occupation by Russia from 1758 to 1762 during the Seven Years' War . During the First Partition of Poland in 1772 Elbląg was annexed by King Frederick the Great of the Kingdom of Prussia . Elbing became part of the newly established province of West Prussia in 1773. In

1610-601: The trade association that in 1358 would become the Hanseatic League . The Order seized on this association early and used it to establish bases throughout the Baltic. The Order's involvement in the League was somewhat contradictory. In whatever cities they founded the ultimate authority was the commander of the town, who kept office in the citadel, typically used as a prison. Lübeck law, on the other hand, provided for self-government of

1680-519: The 13th century the Teutonic Knights conquered the region, built a castle, and founded Elbing on the lake, with a population mostly from Lübeck (today the lake, now much smaller, no longer reaches the city). After the uprising against the Teutonic Knights and the destruction of the castle by the inhabitants, the city successively came under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Poland (1454), the Kingdom of Prussia (1772), and Germany (1871). Elbing

1750-612: The 15th Motorised Division was captured. However, later, the divisional commander, Colonel Laskin, managed to escape from captivity.' Its name was reverted to 15th Rifle Division, with the 676th Mountain Rifle Regiment of the 192nd Mountain Rifle Division added as its third regiment. The division's commander during the Uman encirclement, Major-General Nikolay Nikanorovich Belov was killed on 9 August 1941. Some of its members escaped from

1820-859: The 1815 provincial reorganization following the Napoleonic Wars , Elbing and its hinterland were included within Regierungsbezirk Danzig in West Prussia. In October and November 1831, various Polish infantry, cavalry and artillery units, engineer corps and sappers of the November Uprising stopped in the city and its environs on the way to their internment locations, whereas the general staff with Commander-in-Chief General Maciej Rybiński and generals Józef Bem , Marcin Klemensowski , Kazimierz Małachowski , Ludwik Michał Pac and Antoni Wroniecki

1890-562: The 1920s placed Truso at Gut Hansdorf. A large burial field was also found at Elbląg. Recent Polish diggings have found burned beams and ashes and thousand-year-old artifacts in an area of about 20 hectares . Many of these artifacts are now displayed at the Muzeum w Elblągu . Attempts to conquer Prussian land began in 997, when Bolesław I the Brave , at the urging of the Pope, sent a contingent of soldiers and

1960-535: The Hanseatic League owing to its close business dealings with England. Famous inhabitants of the city at that time included native sons Hans von Bodeck and Samuel Hartlib . During the Thirty Years' War , Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna brought the Moravian Brethren refugee John Amos Comenius to Elbląg for six years (1642–1648). In 1642 Johann Stobäus , who composed with Johann Eccard , published

2030-618: The MSS was estimated at ca. 1400, but it was a copy. There is no evidence concerning the provenance of the original, except that it must have been in Pomesanian. In 1246 the town was granted a constitution under Lübeck law , used in maritime circumstances, instead of Magdeburg rights common in other cities in Central Europe . This decision of the Order was in keeping with its general strategy of espousing

2100-643: The Oberländischer Kanal ( Elbląg Canal ). Elbing became part of the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany . As Elbing became an industrial city, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) frequently received the majority of votes; in the 1912 Reichstag elections the SPD received 51% of the vote. After World War I , as most of the province of West Prussia

2170-418: The Order on 17 May 1932 – comprised a German and four US citizens , one of whom was Frank Bruno Honey . They received the award for helping in the reconstruction of Soviet industry and agriculture, during 1931–1934. In total, 431,418 orders were awarded, with the last on 21 December 1991. Elbing Elbląg ( Polish: [ˈɛlblɔŋk] ; German : Elbing ; Prussian : Elbings )

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2240-543: The Poles, whose ambition had been to conquer Prussia all along. The Teutonic Order's strategy was to move down the Vistula and secure the delta, establishing a barrier between the Prussians and Gdańsk. The victorious Teutonic Knights built a castle at Elbing. The Chronicon terrae Prussiae describes the conflict in the vicinity of Lake Drużno shortly before the founding of Elbing: Truso did not disappear suddenly to be replaced with

2310-553: The Polish crown by its Polish name Elbląg . With the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, the city was brought under direct control of the Polish crown. As one of the largest and most influential cities of Poland, it enjoyed voting rights during the royal election period in Poland. Elbląg was often visited by Nicolaus Copernicus between 1504 and 1530. With the 16th century Protestant Reformation

2380-720: The Teutonic Knights used them to clear the Vistula Lagoon ( Frisches Haff ) and the Vistula Spit of Prussians: Apparently the river was in Pomesania , which the knights had just finished clearing, but the bay was in Pogesania . The first Elbing was placed in Pogesania: Both landings were amphibious operations conducted from the ships. The Chronicon relates that they were in use for many years and then were sunk in Lake Drużno. In 1238

2450-542: The Vistula Lagoon was the main southern Baltic base of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden , who was hailed as the protector of the Protestants. By 1660 the Vistula Lagoon had gone to Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia , but was returned in 1700. The poet Christian Wernicke was born in 1661 in Elbląg, while Gottfried Achenwall became famous for his teachings in natural law and human rights law . In 1700–1710 it

2520-572: The behest of King Alfred the Great of England . The exact location of Truso was not known for a long time, as the seashore has significantly changed, but most historians trace the settlement inside or near to modern Elbląg on Lake Drużno . Truso was located at territory already known to the Roman Empire and earlier. It was an important seaport serving the Vistula River bay on the early medieval Baltic Sea trade routes which led from Birka in

2590-560: The burghers became Lutherans and the first Lutheran Gymnasium was established in Elbląg in 1535. From 1579 Elbląg had close trade relations with England , to which the city accorded free trade . English, Scottish , and Irish merchants settled in the city. They formed the Scottish Reformed Church of Elbląg and became Elbląg citizens, aiding Lutheran Sweden in the Thirty Years' War . The rivalry of nearby Gdańsk interrupted trading links several times. By 1618 Elbląg had left

2660-409: The citadel and churches, Elbing at the time was more of a small village by modern standards. Its area was 300 m × 500 m (984.25  ft × 1,640.42 ft). It featured a wharf, a marketplace and five streets, as well as a number of churches. The castle was completed in 1251. In 1288 fire destroyed the entire settlement except for the churches, which were of brick. A new circuit wall

2730-574: The citadel and town of Elbing during the Prussian Crusade. It had already burned down in the tenth century, with the population dispersed in the area. The Chronicon terrae Prussiae describes the founding of Elbing under the leadership of Hermann Balk . After building two ships, the Pilgerim (Pilgrim) and the Vridelant (Friedland), with the assistance of Margrave Henry III of Margraviate of Meissen ,

2800-713: The city in February 1832. Elbing industrialized . In 1828 the first steamship was built by Ignatz Grunau. In 1837 Ferdinand Schichau started the Schichau-Werke company in Elbing as well as another shipyard in Danzig (Gdańsk) later on. Schichau constructed the Borussia , the first screw-vessel in Germany. Schichau-Werke built hydraulic machinery, ships, steam engines , and torpedoes . After

2870-405: The city rebelled against the Teutonic Knights and expelled them, while welcoming Polish troops and paying homage to Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło , who afterwards vested Elbląg with new privileges. As the castle was lightly defended by a Polish garrison, the Teutonic Knights managed to retake it, promising the Polish defenders that they will be given free passage back to Poland. After the castle

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2940-442: The disbanded 91st Motor Rifle Division in Nizhneudinsk . The 5209th BHVT was renamed the 6063rd BHVT. In June 2009, the 6063rd BHVT became the 187th Weapons and Equipment Storage Repair Base (BHiRVT). The 15th Motor Rifle Division included the following units in 1988: Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin ( Russian : Орден Ленина , romanized :  Orden Lenina , pronounced [ˈordʲɪn ˈlʲenʲɪnə] )

3010-412: The division captured a prisoner who showed that the German troops would launch an attack on Kursk during the same day, and the division fought in the Battle of Kursk . Its subsequent operations included the Chernigov - Pripyat and Gomel-Rechitsa Offensives in 1943, the Kalinkovichi - Mozyr Operation, Operation Bagration and the liberation of Baranovichi in 1944, the Mława - Elbing Operation,

3080-435: The encirclement by the end of September 1941. It remained on the Southern Front and took part in defending the Donbas in the area near Artemovsk until being transferred to the Bryansk Front 's 13th Army in May 1942. The 15th Rifle Division took part in the defensive battle at Voronezh in the summer of 1942 and in the subsequent battle to liberate the city in 1943 . On the night of 5 July 1943, reconnaissance units of

3150-449: The end of World War II . Parts of the inner city were gradually rebuilt, and around 2000 rebuilding was begun in a style emulating the previous architecture, in many cases over the same foundations and utilizing old bricks and portions of the same walls. The western suburbs of the old city have not been reconstructed. The modern city adjoins about half the length of the river between Lake Drużno and Elbląg Bay ( Zatoka Elbląska , an arm of

3220-413: The first time Polish common law. The German-language Polish laws are based on the Sachsenspiegel and were written down to aid the judges. It is thus the oldest source for documented Polish common law and is in Polish referred to as the Księga Elbląska (Book of Elbląg ). It was written down in the second half of the 13th century. In 1410, during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War , the inhabitants of

3290-408: The inauguration of the railway to Königsberg in 1853, Elbing's industry began to grow. Schichau worked together with his son-in-law Carl H. Zise, who continued the industrial complex after Schichau's death. Schichau erected large complexes for his many thousands of workers. Georg Steenke , an engineer from Königsberg, connected Elbing near the Baltic Sea with the southern part of Prussia by building

3360-435: The left chest without a ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar is of the same design. The portrait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate platinum piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. The first Order of Lenin

3430-412: The longest of all Polish–Teutonic wars. The local mayor pledged allegiance to the Polish King during the incorporation in March 1454, and the burghers of Elbląg recognized Casimir IV as rightful ruler. After paying homage to the King, the city was granted great privileges, similar to those of Toruń and Gdańsk . Since 1454, the city was authorized by King Casimir IV to mint Polish coins. The war ended in

3500-517: The north to the island of Gotland and to Visby in the Baltic Sea. From there, traders continued further south to Carnuntum along the Amber Road . The ancient Amber Road led further southwest and southeast to the Black Sea and eventually to Asia . The east–west trade route went from Truso, along the Baltic Sea to Jutland , and from there inland by river to Hedeby , a large trading center in Jutland. The main goods of Truso were amber , furs, and slaves. Archaeological finds in 1897 and diggings in

3570-433: The official seat of the Teutonic Order Masters. Elbląg became part of the Hanseatic League , which contributed much to the city's wealth. Through the Hanseatic League, the city was linked to other major ports like Gdańsk , Lübeck and Amsterdam . Elbląg joined Poland in 1454 and after the defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years’ War was recognized as part of Poland in 1466. It then flourished and turned into

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3640-421: The organisation. In 1454, the organisation led the revolt against the rule of the Teutonic Knights, and then its delegation submitted a petition to King Casimir IV of Poland asking him to include the region within the Kingdom of Poland . The King agreed and signed the act of incorporation of the region (including Elbing) to the Kingdom of Poland in March 1454 in Kraków , which sparked the Thirteen Years' War ,

3710-412: The south are the marshes and swamps of Drużno. The Elbląg River has been left in a more natural state through the city, but elsewhere it is a controlled channel with branches. One of them, the Jagiellonski Channel ( Kanał Jagielloński ), leads to the Nogat River, along which navigation to Gdańsk is common. The Elbląg Canal ( Kanał Elbląski ) connecting Lake Drużno with Drwęca River and Lake Jeziorak

3780-477: The tides of time turned them into reality in that same century. The foundation of Elbing was perhaps not the end of the Old Prussian story in the region. In 1825 a manuscript listing a vocabulary of the Baltic Old Prussian language , commonly known in English as Elbing Vocabulary , was found among some manuscripts from a merchant's house. It contained 802 words in a dialect now termed Pomesanian with their equivalents in an early form of High German. The origin of

3850-484: The titles " Hero of the Soviet Union " and " Hero of Socialist Labour " were also given the order as part of the award. It was also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units, and ships. Various educational institutions and military units who received the said Order applied the full name of the order into their official titles. The first design of the Order of Lenin was sculpted by Pyotr Tayozhny and Ivan Shadr based on sketches by Ivan Dubasov . It

3920-440: The town. Membership in the Hanseatic League meant having important trading contacts with England , Flanders , France , and the Netherlands . The city received numerous merchant privileges from the rulers of England , Poland, Pomerania, and the Teutonic Order. For instance, the privilege of the Old Town was upgraded in 1343, while in 1393 it was granted an emporium privilege for grains, metals, and forest products. Except for

3990-399: The vocabulary remains unknown. Its format is like that of modern travel dictionaries; i.e., it may have been used by German speakers to communicate with Old Prussians, but the specific circumstances are only speculative. The manuscript became the Codex Neumannianus. It disappeared after a British bombing raid destroyed the library at Elbing but before then facsimiles had been made. The date of

4060-449: Was an award named after Vladimir Lenin , the leader of the October Revolution . It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union . The order was awarded to: From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service. Those who were awarded

4130-432: Was awarded between 1930 and 1932. The second design was awarded from 1934 until 1936. This was a solid gold badge, featuring a silver plated disc bearing Lenin's portrait. The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat , and a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script ( Russian : ЛЕНИН ). A red star is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel. The third design

4200-406: Was awarded from 1936 until 1943. The design was the same as previous, but the central disc was gray enamelled and Lenin's portrait was a separate piece made of platinum fixed by rivets . The fourth design was awarded from 1943 until 1991. Design was the same as previous, but was worn as a medal suspended from a ribbon (all previous were screwback). The badge was originally worn by screwback on

4270-413: Was awarded the Honorary Revolutionary Red Banner . On 10 January 1936, in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the Sivash battles, the division was awarded the Order of Lenin . It was renamed as the 15th Motorized Division in September 1939 and took part in the Red Army's march into Romanian-ceded Bessarabia in 1940. On 22 June 1941, the division was stationed in Bender and Tiraspol as part of

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4340-466: Was awarded to the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda on 23 May 1930. Also among the first ten recipients were five industrial companies, three pilots, and the Secretary to the Central Executive Committee Avel Enukidze . The first person to be awarded a second Order of Lenin was the pilot Valery Chkalov in 1936. Another pilot, Vladimir Kokkinaki , became the first to receive a third Order in 1939. The first five foreign recipients – who were presented with

4410-401: Was first mentioned as "Ilfing" in The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan , an Anglo-Saxon chronicle written in King Alfred 's reign using information from a Viking who had visited the area. During the Middle Ages , the Viking settlement of Truso was located on Lake Drużno , near the current site of Elbląg in historical Pogesania ; the settlement burned down in the 10th century. Early in

4480-401: Was formed by renaming the Red Army 's Inza Revolutionary Division on 30 April 1919. In November 1920, the division crossed the Sivash into Crimea and fought against the White Army commanded by Pyotr Wrangel . Units from the disbanded 31st Turkestan Rifle Division joined the division on 2 December 1920. On 29 February 1928, in honor of the tenth anniversary of the Red Army, the division

4550-406: Was heavily damaged in World War II , and its remaining German citizens were expelled upon the war's end in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The city became again part of Poland in 1945 and was repopulated with Polish citizens. The seaport of Truso was first mentioned c.  890 by Wulfstan of Hedeby , an Anglo-Saxon sailor, travelling on the south coast of the Baltic Sea at

4620-421: Was interned in the city. On December 22, 1831, the Prussian army attempted to pacify the Polish insurgents and launched a charge on the disarmed Poles, who resisted relocation, fearing deportation to the Russian Partition of Poland. Some insurgents eventually left partitioned Poland for the Great Emigration , including Józef Bem , who was expelled by the Prussians in December 1831, and Maciej Rybiński , who left

4690-502: Was made by Goznak of silver with some lightly gold-plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin 's profile surrounded by smokestacks , a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated " hammer and sickle " emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" ( Russian : СССР ) in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted. It

4760-409: Was occupied by Swedish troops. In 1709 it was besieged, taken by storm on February 2, 1710, by Russian troops with support of Prussian artillery. The city was handed over to Polish King Augustus II in 1712. The Royal-Polish mathematician and cartographer Johann Friedrich Endersch completed a map of Warmia in 1755 and also made a copper etching of the galley named "The City of Elbing". During

4830-447: Was started immediately. From 1315 to 1340 Elbląg was rebuilt. A separate settlement called New Town was founded ca. 1337 and received Lübeck rights in 1347. In 1349 the Black Death struck the town, toward the end of the European plague. After the population recovered it continued building up the city and in 1364 a crane was built for the port. The German-language Elbinger Rechtsbuch , written in Elbing documented among other laws for

4900-442: Was taken, the Knights broke their promise and subsequently murdered a number of the captured defenders while imprisoning the rest. In February 1440, the city hosted a convention at which delegates from various cities (including Elbing itself) and nobility from the region decided to establish the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation . In April and May 1440, further meetings were held in Elbing, at which more towns and noblemen joined

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