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54-630: King William Charles Lunalilo , the first elected king in Hawaiian history, at one time owned the land where the International Market Place is located, using it as grounds for his residence. Known as ke ali’i lokomaikaʻi, or "the kind king", Lunalilo later gifted the land to Queen Emma , wife of King Kamehameha IV . Queen Emma was well known for her tireless humanitarian efforts, and saw The Queen’s Hospital being named in her honor as part of her charitable legacy. Donn Beach moved to Honolulu in

108-668: A burial at Kawaiahaʻo Church on the church's ground. He wanted, he said, to be "entombed among (my) people, rather than the kings and chiefs" at the Royal Mausoleum in Nuʻuanu Valley. This was due to a feud between Lunalilo and the Kamehameha family over his mother Kekāuluohi's exclusion from the list of royalty to be buried there. Thus, on November 23, 1875, his remains were taken from the Mausoleum, where it had rested temporarily awaiting

162-490: A great friend of the Hawaiian royal family. In the 2000 publication; "Kamehameha's Children Today" , authors Charles Ahlo, Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson and Jerry Walker state that Lunalilo's father, Charles Kanaʻina was the great-great grandson of Kamehameha I . Kanaʻina's maternal grandfather, Palila Nohomualani was Kamehameha I 's grandson through the monarch's first born child named Kahiliʻōpua, daughter of Kalola-a-Kumukoa , also known as Kalolawahilani. This genealogy

216-456: A popular choice among the Hawaiian people except for Victoria's brothers. They both refused to have her marry him. Their children would outrank the House of Kamehameha in family rank ( mana ). There were two failed attempts of marriage between the two. Lunalilo composed the Hawaiian song ʻAlekoki for his unrequited love. After Victoria, he briefly courted the hand of Liliʻuokalani, but she broke off

270-513: A second cousin as well as first cousin to King Kamehameha V , King Kamehameha IV , and Princess Victoria Kamāmalu through their mothers: Kekāuluohi and Kīnaʻu (later styled as Kaʻahumanu II) who were half-sisters. Lunalilo translates as Luna (high) lilo (lost) or "so high up as to be lost to sight" in the Hawaiian language . He was also named after King William IV of the United Kingdom ,

324-475: A state visit in 1869. He appealed to Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany , who sent Henri Berger to organize the Royal Hawaiian Band , a gift of music from the king to his people. His sister and only named Heir Apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria Kamāmalu had died childless in 1866 and through the remainder of his reign, Kamehameha V did not name a successor. He died on December 11, 1872, while

378-461: A stranger in their house, and that the adoption had deprived him the love of his mother. Throughout his life he would have a deep dislike for this tradition as it could be later seen by his anger at his half-sister Ruth Keelikolani giving away her second son Keolaokalani to Bernice Pauahi Bishop . It was planned that he would be Hoapili's heir as Governor of Maui , although this never happened. Since King Kamehameha III declared him eligible for

432-487: A successor to the Throne, therefore, notwithstanding that according to the law of inheritance, I am the rightful heir to the Throne, in order to preserve peace, harmony and good order, I desire to submit the decision of my claim to the voice of the people." Lunalilo, unlike his more conservative opponent, wanted to amend the constitution to make the government more democratic by removing property qualifications for voting. It

486-638: A treaty be drawn with the United States to allow Hawaiian sugar to enter the nation tax-free. To make such a treaty, many thought that the Kingdom would have to offer the Pearl Harbor area to the United States in exchange. There was much controversy over this, with both the public and in the legislature. When Lunalilo saw this opposition, he dropped the proposal. During Lunalilo's reign, a mutiny took place in

540-540: A two-story house made of coral brick, an area known as Pohukaina , now part the grounds of the ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu . His mother was High Chiefess Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi (later styled as Kaʻahumanu III) and his father was High Chief Charles Kanaʻina . He was grandnephew of Kamehameha I by blood and the monarch's stepson by marriage to his mother. His grandmother was Kalākua Kaheiheimālie , sister of Kamehameha's favorite wife, Queen Kaʻahumanu . This made him both,

594-674: Is based on previously unpublished family trees compiled by the DeFries family. He was declared eligible to succeed by the royal decree of King Kamehameha III and sent to the Chief's Children's School (later called the Royal School) when it was founded by missionaries Amos Starr Cooke and Juliette Montague Cooke. Learning to speak both Hawaiian and English, he gained a mastery of English literature and love of Shakespearian soliloquies. According to one of his cousins, Elizabeth Kekaaniau , Lunalilo

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648-673: Is named for him. It was held the third Saturday in July since 1977 at his former home called Moanalua Gardens . In February 1847, a female student at the Royal School, Abigail Maheha , was expelled and wed in a hastily arranged marriage due to a scandalous pregnancy. Some speculate that the sixteen year-old Kamehameha V or his seventeen-year-old brother Moses Kekūāiwa was the father of Abigail's daughter Keanolani , who left living descendants. Evidence to support this claim include his financial support of Abigail's husband Keaupuni, veiled conversations

702-556: The Sacramento Union describing the islands. Twain described the king: He was a wise sovereign; he had seen something of the world; he was educated & accomplished, & he tried hard to do well by his people, & succeeded. There was no trivial royal nonsense about him; He dressed plainly, poked about Honolulu, night or day, on his old horse, unattended; he was popular, greatly respected, and even beloved. Queen Victoria sent her second son Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh on

756-515: The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipaʻa": immovable, firm, steadfast, or determined; he worked diligently for his people and kingdom and was described as the last great traditional chief. He was born and given the name Lot Kapuāiwa December 11, 1830. His mother was Elizabeth Kīnaʻu and father was Mataio Kekūanaōʻa . His siblings included David Kamehameha , Moses Kekūāiwa , Alexander Liholiho , and Victoria Kamāmalu . He also

810-530: The Privy Council of State , and from 1852 to 1862 in the House of Nobles . He was Minister of the Interior from 1857 to 1863, chief justice of the supreme court from 1857 to 1858, and held other offices. His more charismatic younger brother Prince Alexander Liholiho was chosen to become King Kamehameha IV in 1854. In 1862, he was officially added to the line of succession in an amendment to the 1852 Constitution of

864-438: The absolute monarchy of his grandfather, Kamehameha I. Lunalilo, however, spent his reign trying to make the Hawaiian government more democratic. He started by writing to the legislature, recommending that the constitution be amended. He wanted to undo some changes that his predecessor had made when he enacted the 1864 Constitution. For example, the Kingdom legislature prior to 1864 met in two houses: The House of Nobles and

918-414: The "21-gun salute." Like his predecessor, Lunalilo did not designate an heir to the throne. It was said he had intended for Queen Emma to succeed him, but died before a formal proclamation could be made. The most prevalent explanation of this delay is regarding his democratic principles: he wished to have the people choose their next ruler. However, the constitution of 1864 had charged the legislature, not

972-404: The Hawaiian throne. Lot was buried in the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii at Mauna ʻAla. He was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha styled under the Kamehameha name. Before his death Kamehameha V stated: The throne belongs to Lunalilo; I will not appoint him, because I consider him unworthy of the position. The constitution, in case I make no nomination, provides for the election of

1026-565: The House of Representatives. The members of the House of Nobles were appointed by the King and the Representatives were elected by popular vote. Lunalilo served in the House of Nobles from 1863 through 1872. Under King Kamehameha V, the two houses of legislature were combined into one. Lunalilo wished to restore the bicameral legislature. He also wanted to add a provision to the constitution that required

1080-526: The Kingdom of Hawaii . Lot and his heirs, follow by his sister Princess Victoria and her heirs, would succeed in the case his brother died without any legitimate heirs. The change was made shortly before the death of Prince Albert Kamehameha , the only son of Kamehameha IV, on August 23, 1862. He came to power on November 30, 1863, after his brother's death, but refused to uphold the previous constitution of 1852 . He objected, in particular, to that constitution's grant of universal male suffrage in elections for

1134-612: The Market Place’s nightclubs. This included Martin Denny , the bandleader behind the fusion of new wave jazz and jungle noises called exotica . Singer Don Ho later had a regular gig at the International Market Place before he hit it big at places like Duke Kahanamoku 's Nightclub. At its height the International Market Place encompassed 50 shops, night clubs, and restaurants, three of which were owned by Beach himself, including The Colonel's Plantation and Beef Steak and Coffee House . Beach

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1188-475: The bill by refusing to grant his assent, saying: "I will never sign the death warrant of my people." Alcoholism was one of the many causes of the already declining population of the native Hawaiians . Growth in travel to the islands increased during Kamehameha's reign. Mark Twain came in March 1866 aboard the merchantman Ajax . He stayed for four months under his real name, Samuel Clemens, writing letters back to

1242-569: The birthday of Kamehameha IV. He won the contest and was awarded ten dollars. Lunalilo served on the Privy Council of State , the advisory council for the monarch, from 1863 to 1865, during the reign of his cousin King Kamehameha V. He also served on the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature , traditionally reserved for the high chiefs, from 1863 to 1872. He was betrothed to his cousin Princess Victoria Kamāmalu ,

1296-508: The completion of the Lunalilo Mausoleum , to the completed tomb on the grounds of Kawaiahaʻo Church. His father requested a second funeral and a 21-gun salute from Kalākaua like during his first funeral. Kalākaua granted the second funeral but refused to allow the 21-gun salute. During this procession, eyewitness reports stated that a sudden storm arose, and that twenty-one rapid thunderclaps echoed across Honolulu which came to be known as

1350-433: The courtyard was filled to capacity and a large crowd watched from outside. Because Lunalilo's popularity was so great, and because he became king through a democratic process, he became known as "The People's King." When Lunalilo assumed the duties of the king, a huge change in the government's policy began to form. His predecessor, Kamehameha V, had spent his reign increasing the powers of his office and trying to restore

1404-491: The engagement on the advice of Kamehameha IV. Liliʻuokalani would eventually marry American John Owen Dominis and Victoria Kamāmalu would die unmarried and childless at the age of 27 in 1866. Another alleged prospective bride was a maternal cousin Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi Crowningburg , who married a German-American settler instead. During his reign as king, it was proposed that he marry Queen Emma ,

1458-458: The establishment of the Lunalilo Home , the first charitable trust established by a Hawaiian aliʻi trust, to house the poor, destitute, and infirmed people of Hawaiian descent, with preference given to older people. Kamehameha V Kamehameha V (Lota Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiōlani Kalanikupuapaʻīkalaninui; December 11, 1830 – December 11, 1872 ), reigned as the fifth monarch of

1512-405: The government reducing his holdings to 43 lots. Affectionately known as "Prince Bill," he was one of the royals (besides Kalākaua and Liliʻuokalani ) to write music. He composed Hawaii's first national anthem, " E Ola Ke Aliʻi Ke Akua ," which was Hawaii's version of " God Save The King ". He wrote the song in fifteen minutes in a contest hosted by newspaper publisher Henry Whitney in 1862 for

1566-463: The harbor pilot of Honolulu, and sister-in-law of his chamberlain Horace Crabbe, as his mistress. King Kamehameha V, the last of the Kamehameha kings, died on December 11, 1872, without naming a successor. Under the Kingdom's 1864 constitution , if the king did not appoint a successor, a new king would be elected by the legislature from the eligible Hawaiian royals still alive. The other candidate

1620-405: The king to include a written explanation to accompany any veto by the king. He wanted cabinet ministers to be heard in the House of Representatives. The King also wanted to improve Hawaii's economic situation. The Kingdom was in an economic depression , with the whaling industry rapidly declining. Commerce groups asked the king to look at sugar to improve the economy and recommended that

1674-416: The laws against " kahunaism " were repealed. A Hawaiian Board of Medicine was established, with kahuna members, and la'au lapa'au or Hawaiian medicine was again practiced. He brought kahuna practitioners to Honolulu to document their remedies. In 1865, a bill was brought before the legislature giving foreign merchants the right to sell liquor directly to Native Hawaiians. Kamehameha V surprised supporters of

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1728-479: The legislature unanimously voted Lunalilo king. It has been speculated that the reason for the unanimous vote was because each legislator was required to sign his name on the back of his ballot, and the legislators were afraid to go against the wishes of the people. Queen Emma later wrote in a letter that hundreds of Hawaiians were ready to tear to pieces anyone who opposed Lunalilo. At Lunalilo's investiture ceremony, held on January 9, 1873, at Kawaiahaʻo Church ,

1782-473: The lower House of Representatives. In May 1864 he called for a constitutional convention. On July 7, 1864, he proposed a new constitution rather than amending the old one. The convention ran smoothly until the 62nd article. It limited voters to being residents who passed a literacy test and possessed property or had income qualifications. On August 20, 1864, he signed the 1864 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii and took an oath to protect it. The constitution

1836-598: The mid-1950s before Hawaii had become a state and leased a piece of land from the Queen Emma Foundation. He founded The International Marketplace in 1956, eventually opening a new Don the Beachcomber's restaurant there. A book co-authored by Beach's ex-wife claims the marketplace was the brainchild of Beach and "Pete" Wimberly , "conceived on wrapping paper in the back of the old Moana Cottages." He commissioned celebrated carver Edward “Mick” Brownlee to create much of

1890-500: The new "Don's Treehouse" reads in part: "The opening of Dagger Bar and the Bazaar Buildings in 1956 marked the establishment of Waikiki Village. Donn Beach...lived and worked in this treehouse...it was also the broadcasting home of radio personalities like J. Akuhead Pupule , who shared Hawaiian music with the world." The International Market Place's tenants include approximately 90 stores and 10 restaurants. Its former anchor tenant

1944-644: The next King; let it be so. With no heir at his death, the next monarch would be elected by the legislature. Kamehameha V's cousin William Charles Lunalilo , a Kamehameha by birth from his mother, demanded a general election and won. The legislature agreed and Lunalilo became the first elected king of the Hawaiian Kingdom. He founded the Royal Order of Kamehameha I society on April 11, 1865, named to honor his grandfather. The Prince Lot Hula Festival

1998-714: The original woodwork for the Market Place. A large banyan tree saw Beach's installation of an office tree house where he could be seen surveying the activity in the Market Place below. Other buildings included the Dagger Bar , and several representations of small villages meant to symbolize Korea, China, Japan, and the South Seas. During the 1960s, the Market Place also included the Hawaiian Hālau, Japanese Tea House and Esplanade buildings. Generations of notable musicians performed at

2052-479: The people, with the task of electing the next king . In the end, Kalākaua of the House of Kalākaua was voted to succeed Lunalilo as king. The election provoked the Honolulu Courthouse riots in which supporters of Queen Emma targeted legislators who supported Kalākaua; thirteen legislators were injured, with J. W. Lonoaea the only one to die from his injuries. In his will, Lunalilo set aside lands for

2106-535: The preparations for his birthday celebration were underway. As Lot lay bedstricken, he answered those that came to visit him: "It is hard to die on my birthday, but God's will be done". He offered the throne to his cousin Bernice Pauahi Bishop who refused, and died an hour later without designating an heir. Lot Kapuāiwa had a daughter Keanolani (July 7, 1847 – June 30, 1902) with Abigail Maheha . However, her illegitimate birth prevented her from succeeding to

2160-473: The project. Lunalilo Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo; January 31, 1835 – February 3, 1874) was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later. Born to Kekāuluohi and High Chief Charles Kanaʻina , he was of royal descent and a grandnephew of King Kamehameha I . He was educated at the Royal School by American missionaries and

2214-437: The small Hawaiian army. Some members of the army revolted against the drillmaster and the adjutant general . The king interviewed the troops involved in the mutiny and he persuaded them to lay down their arms. Following this, the king disbanded the army apart from the military band . From that point on, the Kingdom had no armed forces until King Kalākaua restored them. King Lunalilo had some bad health habits; for example, he

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2268-796: The throne, he was educated at the Royal School like his cousins and siblings. He was betrothed to Bernice Pauahi at birth, but she chose to marry American Charles Reed Bishop instead. After leaving school, he traveled abroad with his brother Alexander Liholiho. With the supervision of their guardian Dr. Judd, Lot and his brother sailed to San Francisco in September 1849. After their tour of California , they continued on to Panama , Jamaica , New York City and Washington, D.C. They toured Europe and met with various heads of state including French president Louis Napoleon , British prince consort Albert , and US president Zachary Taylor and vice president Millard Fillmore . From 1852 to 1855 he served on

2322-437: The throne. Another contender was Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani who was a half sister to King Kamehameha V. She was a favorite among the Hawaiian chiefs because of her adhering to the old Hawaiian ways. She was governess of Hawaii and refused to speak English even though she was fluent in it. Her genealogy, however, was too controversial and few people considered her suitable to take the throne. This left Kalākaua and Lunalilo, and of

2376-406: The two, Lunalilo was greatly favored. So great was Lunalilo's popularity that some people believed that Lunalilo could have simply walked into the capital and declared himself king. Lunalilo, however, insisted that the constitution be followed. He issued the following message six days after the death of Kamehameha V: "Whereas, it is desirable that the wishes of the Hawaiian people be consulted as to

2430-545: The widow of Kamehameha IV, but this proposal came to nothing due to Queen Emma's devotion to her late husband. They remained friends and it was said he considered naming her as his heir before he died. According to Emma's cousin Peter Kaʻeo , there were gossips that the King would marry a Tahitian chiefess from Bora Bora . Although never marrying, the king took Eliza Meek (1832–1888), the hapa-haole daughter of Captain John Meek,

2484-437: Was David Kalākaua. Lunalilo was the more popular of the two. His grandfather was Kalaimamahu, a half brother of Kamehameha I and was thus a cousin of King Kamehameha V. His grandmother was Queen Kalakua Kaheiheimalie, sister of Queen Kaʻahumanu. Because of this, many people believed the throne rightly belonged to Lunalilo since the only person more closely related to Kamehameha V, Bernice Pauahi Bishop , made clear she did not want

2538-438: Was a grandson of Kamehameha I. Kapu āiwa means mysterious kapu or sacred one protected by supernatural powers. He was adopted using the ancient Hawaiian tradition called hānai by Princess Nāhiʻenaʻena , but she died in 1836. He was then adopted by his grandmother Queen Kalākua Kaheiheimālie and step-grandfather High Chief Ulumāheihei Hoapili . His childhood was difficult; he felt that his hānai parents treated him as

2592-479: Was a three-level, 80,000-square-foot Saks Fifth Avenue , the department store’s only full-line Hawai‘i location. The department store closed during the summer of 2022, to be replaced by a Target store at the relocation. International Market Place is situated on six acres of land owned by Queen Emma Land Company. The center itself is owned by Taubman and CoastWood Capital Group through a long-term land lease with Queen Emma Land Company. Taubman leases and manages

2646-409: Was an alcoholic . Around August 1873, Lunalilo contracted a severe cold which developed into pulmonary tuberculosis . In hopes of regaining his health, he moved to Kailua-Kona . A few months later, on February 3, 1874, he died from tuberculosis at the age of 39, at Haimoeipo, his private residence in Honolulu . Lunalilo had reigned for one year and twenty-five days. On his deathbed, he requested

2700-554: Was based on the original draft, but 20 articles were deleted. When he appointed Charles de Varigny , a French national, as minister of finance in December 1863, Americans in Hawaiʻi were convinced that he had adopted an anti-American policy. In reality, his foreign policy remained the same. Later de Varigny became minister of foreign affairs from 1865 to 1869. He was the first king to encourage revival of traditional practices. Under his reign,

2754-437: Was decided that there would be a popular election to give the people a chance to have their voices heard. However, because the constitution gave the legislature the power to decide who would be the next king, the popular election would be unofficial. Lunalilo urged the people of the Kingdom to have their voices heard. The popular vote was held on January 1, 1873, and Lunalilo won by an overwhelming majority. The week after,

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2808-672: Was groomed to one day assume the Governorship of Oahu after Kekūanaōʻa 's death. Before the Great Mahele Lunalilo's holdings of 239 ʻāina were second only to Kamehameha III. As a result of the Mahele, he relinquished 73 percent of his land. As of 1848, at the age of thirteen, he was still one of the largest landowners after the King, inheriting the land and personal property given to his mother father and grandmother by Kamehameha I. In 1850 Lunalilo gave up another large amount of land to

2862-500: Was honored with a House Resolution Tourism Award in 1957. He died in Hawaii in 1989. The International Market Place had experienced almost complete turnover since its inception, and all of its buildings were finally bulldozed in 2013 after it had fallen into great disrepair. Preservationists ensured that the main banyan tree remained for the completely new International Market Place's grand reopening in 2016. A commemorative plaque installed on

2916-412: Was proclaimed eligible for the throne by King Kamehameha III . After the death of King Kamehameha V , he was elected to the throne in 1873 by a unanimous decision of the legislature of the kingdom . Due to his popularity and status as Hawaii's first elected monarch , he became known as "The People's King". He died a year later from tuberculosis. William Charles Lunalilo was born on January 31, 1835, in

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