84-1325: (Redirected from International Development Cooperation Agency ) This is a list of development aid agencies which provide regional and international development aid or assistance, divided between national (mainly OECD countries) and international organizations. Agencies of numerous development cooperation partners from emerging countries such as India, Middle Eastern countries, Mexico, South Africa, Southeast Asian countries, and so on, are not included. International [ edit ] Argentina - White Helmets Commission (Comisión Cascos Blancos) Australia - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Development Cooperation Division) , formerly AusAID Austria - Austrian Development Agency - ADA The Austrian Development Cooperation, Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft (aws) Azerbaijan - Azerbaijan International Development Agency Belgium - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development: Belgian Policy Plan for Development Cooperation Belgian Development Agency - Enabel [ nl ] Brazil - Agência Brasileira de Cooperação Canada - Canadian International Development Agency (absorbed into Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development Canada, now known as Global Affairs Canada ),
168-422: A 25-year cooperation agreement that will strengthen the relations between the two countries and would include "political, strategic and economic" components. Iran-China relations dates back to at least 200 BC and possibly earlier. Iran is one of the few countries in the world that has a good relationship with both North and South Korea . Iran is a member of dozens of international organizations, including
252-535: A Common Future (WECF) World Accord - International Development Agency World Renew World Vision International Web portals [ edit ] Global South Development Magazine : magazine dedicated to international development Development Business DevelopmentAid Devex : jobs, news and business advice ReliefWeb See also [ edit ] List of national development banks References [ edit ] ^ "Inicio - Cascos Blancos" . Cascosblancos.gov.ar . Archived from
336-475: A ceremonial body without any real power. The political system is based on the country's constitution . Iran ranked 154th in the 2022 The Economist Democracy Index . Juan José Linz wrote in 2000 that "the Iranian regime combines the ideological bent of totalitarianism with the limited pluralism of authoritarianism ". The President is head of government and the second highest-ranking authority, after
420-574: A close economic and military alliance, and are subject to heavy sanctions by Western nations. Iran is the only country in Western Asia that has been invited to join the CSTO , the Russia-based international treaty organization that parallels NATO . Relations between Iran and China are strong economically; they have developed a friendly, economic and strategic relationship. In 2021, Iran and China signed
504-529: A distinct political and cultural entity. The Muslim conquest of Persia (632–654) ended the Sasanian Empire and marked a turning point in Iranian history, leading to the Islamization of Iran from the eighth to tenth centuries and the decline of Zoroastrianism . However, the achievements of prior Persian civilizations were absorbed into the new Islamic polity. Iran suffered invasions by nomadic tribes during
588-538: A lack of oversight within the Charity realm, there are Non-development assistance committees, and development assistance committees. Within the last few decades DACs have been the main character in the research on the charity's effectiveness. Through vigorous study we will be looking into both forms of charity and there effectiveness based on five factors.( transparency, overhead costs, aid specialization, selective allocation, and effective delivery channels) to see which form of
672-665: A leading world power, though by the 19th century, it had lost significant territory through conflicts with the Russian Empire . The early 20th century saw the Persian Constitutional Revolution and the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty . Attempts by Mohammad Mosaddegh to nationalize the oil industry led to an Anglo-American coup in 1953 . After the Iranian Revolution , the monarchy was overthrown in 1979 and
756-496: A moderate position internationally. In 1997, Rafsanjani was succeeded by moderate reformist Mohammad Khatami , whose government advocated freedom of expression , constructive diplomatic relations with Asia and the European Union , and an economic policy that supported a free market and foreign investment. The 2005 presidential election brought conservative populist and nationalist candidate Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to power. He
840-467: A strong response from Iran, based on their historical and cultural background. Iran has full-control over the islands. Kish island , as a free trade zone , is touted as a consumer's paradise, with malls, shopping centres, tourist attractions, and luxury hotels. Qeshm is the largest island in Iran, and a UNESCO Global Geopark since 2016. Its salt cave, Namakdan, is the largest in the world, and one of
924-418: Is a major regional power , due to its large reserves of fossil fuels , including the world's second largest natural gas supply , third largest proven oil reserves , its geopolitically significant location, military capabilities , cultural hegemony , regional influence, and role as the world's focal point of Shia Islam . The Iranian economy is the world's 23rd-largest by PPP . Iran is a founding member of
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#17328870412081008-737: Is a part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ) and The Netherlands Foreign Trade and Development Agency(NFTDA) Norway - Ministry of Foreign Affairs: International Development Program and Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) Poland - Ministry of Foreign Affairs: The Development Co-operation Department Portugal - Camões - Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua Pakistan - Pakistan Technical Assistance Programme Palestine - Palestinian International Cooperation Agency (PICA) Republic of China (Taiwan) - International Cooperation and Development Fund(ICDF) Romania - Assistance for Development (AOD) Russia - Federal Agency for
1092-448: Is accountable only to the Rahbar. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. The Assembly of Experts, which meets for one week annually, comprises 86 "virtuous and learned" clerics elected by adult suffrage for 8-year terms. Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces ( Persian : استان ostân ), each governed from a local centre, usually the largest local city, which is called
1176-518: Is clean from government pressure and lobbyist money ( Roodman (2004), Knack (2001). With further research on donor failure when it comes to meeting YoY standards we can find whether or not donors give because of self-interest Iran Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( IRI ), also known as Persia , is a country in West Asia . It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to
1260-503: Is different from Wikidata Aid agencies An aid agency , also known as development charity , is an organization dedicated to distributing aid . Many professional aid organisations exist, both within government, between governments as multilateral donors and as private voluntary organizations or non-governmental organisations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is the world's second oldest humanitarian organisation and
1344-478: Is four times that of Europe's. There are over 200 protected areas to preserve biodiversity and wildlife, with over 30 being national parks . Iran's living fauna includes 34 bat species, Indian grey mongoose , small Indian mongoose , golden jackal , Indian wolf , foxes , striped hyena , leopard , Eurasian lynx , brown bear and Asian black bear . Ungulate species include wild boar , urial , Armenian mouflon , red deer , and goitered gazelle . One of
1428-547: Is in a seismically active area. On average, an earthquake of magnitude seven on the Richter scale occurs once every ten years. Most earthquakes are shallow-focus and can be very devastating, such as the 2003 Bam earthquake . Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau . It is one of the world's most mountainous countries; its landscape is dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate basins or plateaus . The populous west part
1512-539: Is the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Iran . The Chief Justice nominates candidates to serve as minister of justice, and the President selects one. The Chief Justice can serve for two five-year terms. The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics , although it has taken on cases involving laypeople . The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and
1596-620: Is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus , Zagros , and Alborz , the last containing Mount Damavand , Iran's highest point, at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is the highest volcano in Asia. Iran's mountains have impacted its politics and economics for centuries. The north part is covered by the lush lowland Caspian Hyrcanian forests , near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. The east part consists mostly of desert basins, such as
1680-710: Is unique in being mandated by international treaty to uphold the Geneva Conventions . The Sovereign Order of Malta , established in 1099 as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, has an unbroken tradition of over 900 years of hospitaller activities, continuing to this day. Even in its modern guise under international law, it was recognized at the Congress of Verona of 1822, and since 1834 headquartered in Palazzo Malta in Rome, decades before
1764-526: The Oxford English Dictionary as / ɪ ˈ r ɑː n / and / ɪ ˈ r æ n / , while American English dictionaries provide pronunciations which map to / ɪ ˈ r ɑː n , - ˈ r æ n , aɪ ˈ r æ n / , or / ɪ ˈ r æ n , ɪ ˈ r ɑː n , aɪ ˈ r æ n / . The Cambridge Dictionary lists / ɪ ˈ r ɑː n / as the British pronunciation and / ɪ ˈ r æ n / as
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#17328870412081848-485: The Army , the head of Supreme National Security Council , and has the power to declare a state of emergency after passage by the parliament. The President is responsible for the implementation of the constitution, and for the exercise of executive powers in implementing the decrees and general policies as outlined by the Rahbar, except for matters directly related to the Rahbar, who has the final say. The President functions as
1932-539: The Caucasus to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars . Iran remained a monarchy until the 1979 Iranian Revolution , when it officially became an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979. Since then, Iran has experienced significant political, social, and economic changes. The establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran led to the restructuring of its political system, with Ayatollah Khomeini as
2016-608: The G-15 , G-24 , G-77 , IAEA , IBRD , IDA , NAM , IDB , IFC , ILO , IMF , IMO , Interpol , OIC , OPEC , WHO , and the UN , and currently has observer status at the WTO . The military is organized under a unified structure, the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces , comprising the Islamic Republic of Iran Army , which includes the Ground Forces , Air Defence Force , Air Force , and Navy ;
2100-632: The Inter-American Foundation (IAF), Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) , and the African Development Foundation (ADF) Multilateral Organizations [ edit ] African Development Bank (AfDB) Asian Development Bank (ADB) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Black Sea Trade and Development Bank Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) Colombo Plan (CP) Development Bank of Latin America and
2184-2369: The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Canadian Executive Services Organization (CESO|SACO) Chile - Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Chile (AGCI) China - China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) formerly, Department of Foreign Aid of the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) Czech Republic - Czech Development Agency (CzDA) Denmark - Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) Egypt - Egyptian Agency for Partnership for Development European Union - Directorate-General for International Partnerships Finland - Department for International Development Cooperation (FINNIDA) France - Expertise France, Department for International Cooperation and French Development Agency (AFD) Germany - Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development , Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Greece - Ministry of Foreign Affairs India- Indian Agency for Partnership in Development (IAPD) , Development Partnership Administration, Indian Technical and Economical Cooperation (Since 1964) ITEC :Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Iran - Organization for Investment, Economic, and Technical Assistance of Iran Ireland - Irish Aid Israel - Ministry of Foreign Affairs: MASHAV - Israel's Agency for International Development Cooperation Italy - Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Italian Development Cooperation Programme Japan - Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) Korea - Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) Kuwait - Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Liechtenstein - Liechtensteinische Entwicklungsdienst Luxembourg - Lux-Development Mexico - AMEXCID New Zealand - Ministry of Foreign affairs and Trade (MFAT) previously known as New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAid) Netherlands - Ministry of Development Cooperation (has its own minister but
2268-615: The Islamic Golden Age . A series of Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule, revived the Persian language and ruled the country until the Seljuk and Mongol conquests of the 11th to 14th centuries. In the 16th century, the native Safavids re-established a unified Iranian state with Twelver Shi'ism as the official religion . During the Afsharid Empire in the 18th century, Iran was
2352-730: The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps , which consists of the Ground Forces , Aerospace Force , Navy , Quds Force , and Basij ; and the Law Enforcement Command (Faraja), which serves an analogous function to a gendarme . While the IRIAF protects the country's sovereignty in a traditional capacity, the IRGC is mandated to ensure the integrity of the Republic, against foreign interference, coups, and internal riots. Since 1925 , it
2436-747: The Kassites , Mannaeans , and Gutians . Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel called the Persians the "first Historical People". The Iranian Empire began in the Iron Age with the rise of the Medes , who unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC. The Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC), founded by Cyrus the Great , was the largest empire the world had seen, spanning from the Balkans to North Africa and Central Asia . They were succeeded by
2520-732: The Kavir Desert , which is the country's largest desert, and the Lut Desert , as well as salt lakes . The Lut Desert is the hottest recorded spot on the Earth's surface, with 70.7 °C recorded in 2005. The only large plains are found along the coast of the Caspian and at the north end of the Persian Gulf, where the country borders the mouth of the Arvand river . Smaller, discontinuous plains are found along
2604-603: The Late Middle Ages and early modern period , negatively impacting the region. Iran was reunified as an independent state in 1501 by the Safavid dynasty , which established Shia Islam as the empire's official religion, marking another turning point in the history of Islam . Iran functioned again as a leading world power, especially in rivalry with the Ottoman Empire . In the 19th century, Iran lost significant territories in
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2688-526: The Medes under Cyaxares in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire , one of the largest in ancient history . Alexander the Great conquered the empire in the fourth century BC. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC and liberated the country, which was succeeded by
2772-458: The Red Cross . Aid can be subdivided into two categories: humanitarian aid (emergency relief efforts, e.g. in response to natural disasters), and development aid (or foreign aid ), aimed at helping countries to achieve long-term sustainable economic growth, with the aim of achieving poverty reduction . Some aid agencies carry out both kinds of aid, whilst others specialise on one aspect. With
2856-626: The Republic of Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi); to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi); to the east by Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) and Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi); to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) and Turkey (499 km or 310 mi). Iran
2940-466: The Sasanian Empire in the third century AD. Ancient Iran saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, religion and central government. Muslims conquered the region in the seventh century AD, leading to Iran's Islamization . The blossoming literature , philosophy , mathematics , medicine , astronomy and art became major elements for Iranian civilization during
3024-625: The Seleucid , Parthian , and Sasanian Empires , who governed Iran for almost 1,000 years, making Iran a leading power once again. Persia's arch-rival during this time was the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire . Iran endured invasions by the Macedonians , Arabs , Turks , and Mongols . Despite these invasions, Iran continually reasserted its national identity and developed as
3108-549: The South Caucasus . However, they have shared common interests, such as the issue of Kurdish separatism and the Qatar diplomatic crisis . Iran has a close and strong relationship with Tajikistan . Iran has deep economic relations and alliance with Iraq , Lebanon and Syria, with Syria often described as Iran's "closest ally". Russia is a key trading partner, especially in regard to its excess oil reserves. Both share
3192-640: The United Nations , OIC , OPEC , and ECO as well as a current member of the NAM , SCO , and BRICS . Iran is home to 28 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the 10th highest in the world, and ranks 5th in Intangible Cultural Heritage , or human treasures. The term Iran ' the land of the Aryans ' derives from Middle Persian Ērān , first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam , with
3276-607: The Wayback Machine . Privy Council Office. ^ "Stronger Economies for Better Lives" . Catalyste+ . Retrieved Jan 31, 2023 . ^ Bräutigam, Deborah (March 2010). "China, Africa and the International Aid Architecture". Africa Development Bank . ^ "International Cooperation and Development - European Commission" . International Cooperation and Development . 3 January 2012. ^ "Global.finland" . Archived from
3360-530: The parliament . The Rahbar is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces , controls military intelligence and security operations, and has sole power to declare war or peace. The heads of the judiciary, state radio and television networks, commanders of the police and military, and the members of the Guardian Council are all appointed by the Rahbar. The Assembly of Experts is responsible for electing
3444-898: The 2nd-most powerful person in Iran, was assassinated by the US , heightening tensions between them . Iran retaliated against US airbases in Iraq , the largest ballistic missile attack ever on Americans; 110 sustained brain injuries . Hardliner Ebrahim Raisi ran for president again in 2021 , succeeding Hassan Rouhani . During Raisi's term, Iran intensified uranium enrichment , hindered international inspections, joined SCO and BRICS, supported Russia in its invasion of Ukraine and restored diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia. In April 2024, Israel's airstrike on an Iranian consulate , killed an IRGC commander. Iran retaliated with UAVs , cruise and ballistic missiles ; 9 hit Israel. Western and Jordanian military helped Israel down some Iranian drones. It
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3528-450: The American pronunciation. Voice of America 's pronunciation guide provides / ɪ ˈ r ɑː n / . Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. The western part of the Iranian plateau participated in the traditional ancient Near East with Elam (3200–539 BC), and later with other peoples such as
3612-954: The Caribbean (CAF) Eurasian Development Bank European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) European Investment Bank Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD; part of the World Bank Group) International Development Law Organization (IDLO) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Migration (IOM) International Red Cross (ICRC AND IFRC) Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA, part of
3696-936: The Commonwealth of Independent States, Compatriots Living Abroad and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) Saudi Arabia - Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) Slovakia - Slovak Aid Spain - Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) South Africa - Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) Sweden - Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Switzerland - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Helvetas Taiwan - International Cooperation and Development Fund (Taiwan ICDF) Thailand - Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA) Turkey - Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA) United Kingdom - Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) United States - United States Agency for International Development (USAID),
3780-1624: The Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) World Bank Group World Food Programme (WFP) World Health Organization (WHO) World Trade Organization (WTO) Non-governmental organisations [ edit ] ACTED ActionAid Adventist Development and Relief Agency Afghan German Management College AID Kenya Foundation AIDS No More AKDN All We Can - Methodist relief and development BRAC Business Council for Peace Camfed CARE (relief agency) , originally "Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe", and later "Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere" Catholic Relief Services Centre for Safety and Development Center for Victims of Torture Centre for Values in Leadership Christian Aid Agency of International Cooperation for Development Compassion International Dubai Cares European Sustainable Development Organisation (ESDO) Five Talents Giving Children Hope Habitat for Humanity International Heifer International Helpage International HOPE International Development Agency Humanity and Hope United Foundation ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability International Development Enterprises International Fertilizer Development Center International Medical Relief International Women's Development Agency International Youth Foundation Jugend Eine Welt Lamia Afghan Foundation Light for
3864-473: The Guardian Council is not needed. The Leader can revert the decisions of the Guardian Council. The constitution gives the council three mandates: veto power over legislation passed by the parliament , supervision of elections and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections. The council can nullify a law based on two accounts: being against Sharia (Islamic law), or being against
3948-444: The Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in Iran. The Parliament has 207 constituencies, including the 5 reserved seats for religious minorities. The remaining 202 are territorial, each covering one or more of Iran's counties . Iran uses a form of Sharia law as its legal system, with elements of European Civil law . The Supreme Leader appoints
4032-515: The Islamic Republic of Iran was established by Ruhollah Khomeini , who became the country's first Supreme Leader . In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran , sparking the eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War , which ended in stalemate. Iran is officially governed as a unitary Islamic republic with a presidential system , with ultimate authority vested in a Supreme Leader. The government is authoritarian and has attracted widespread criticism for its significant violations of human rights and civil liberties. Iran
4116-407: The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in). More than one-tenth of the country is forested . About 120 million hectares of forests and fields are government-owned for national exploitation. Iran's forests can be divided into five vegetation regions: Hyrcanian region which forms
4200-419: The Rahbar, and has the power to dismiss him on the basis of qualifications and popular esteem. To date, the Assembly of Experts has not challenged any of the Rahbar's decisions nor attempted to dismiss him. The previous head of the judicial system, Sadeq Larijani , appointed by the Rahbar, said that it is illegal for the Assembly of Experts to supervise the Rahbar. Many believe the Assembly of Experts has become
4284-450: The Revolution or Supreme Leadership Authority, is the head of state and responsible for supervision of policy. The president has limited power compared to the Rahbar. Key ministers are selected with the Rahbar's agreement and they have the ultimate say on foreign policy. The Rahbar is directly involved in ministerial appointments for Defence, Intelligence and Foreign Affairs, as well as other top ministries after submission of candidates from
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#17328870412084368-468: The Supreme Leader. Iran's foreign relations have been shaped by the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), ongoing tensions with the United States, and its nuclear program, which has been a point of contention in international diplomacy. In 1989, Akbar Rafsanjani concentrated on a pro-business policy of rebuilding the economy without breaking with the ideology of the revolution. He supported a free market domestically, favoring privatization of state industries and
4452-402: The Supreme Leader. The President is elected by universal suffrage for 4 years. Before elections , nominees to become a presidential candidate must be approved by the Guardian Council . The Council's members are chosen by the Leader, with the Leader having the power to dismiss the president. The President can only be re-elected for one term. The president is the deputy commander-in-chief of
4536-594: The World Malteser International Medair Medecins sans Frontieres Medical Teams International Mennonite Central Committee Mercy Corps Mercy Relief Oxfam Peace Direct People in Need Plan International Rapid Response Samaritan's Purse Save the Children Seva Foundation SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Street Kids International Sustainable Sanitation Alliance Swissaid Teach For All TMSS Tearfund Terra Tech Trickle Up United Purpose WaterAid Women in Europe for
4620-592: The World Bank Group) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA) United Nations (UN) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) United Nations Office for
4704-456: The accompanying Parthian inscription using Aryān , in reference to the Iranians . Ērān and Aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic nouns ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), deriving from Proto-Iranian language *arya- (meaning ' Aryan ', i.e. of the Iranians), recognised as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European language *ar-yo- , meaning ' one who assembles (skilfully) ' . According to Iranian mythology ,
4788-574: The capital (Persian: مرکز , markaz ) of that province. The provincial authority is headed by a governor-general ( استاندار ostândâr ), who is appointed by the Minister of the Interior subject to approval of the cabinet . Iran maintains diplomatic relations with 165 countries , but not the United States and Israel —a state which Iran derecognised in 1979. Iran has an adversarial relationship with Saudi Arabia due to different political and ideologies. Iran and Turkey have been involved in modern proxy conflicts such as in Syria , Libya , and
4872-575: The committee is most effective. (Dreher & Fuchs, 2015;) explain that both companies apply most aid to their country of origin. Although DAC agencies have more refined and easy obtain records showing their reporting and the lowest overhead costs, they engage in much worse effective aid practices in the remaining four factors.( Brech & Potrafke, 2014; Dreher et al., 2009; Fleck & Kilby, 2010; Frot et al., 2014; Fuchs et al., 2014; Kuziemko & Werker, 2006; Maizels & Nissanke, 1984; Neumayer, 2003). All in all, both DAC and Non-DAC have flaws; neither
4956-432: The constitution. The Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) is at the top of the foreign policy decisions process. The council was formed during the 1989 Iranian constitutional referendum for the protection and support of national interests, the revolution, territorial integrity and national sovereignty. It is mandated by Article 176 of the Constitution to be presided over by the President . The Leader selects
5040-440: The entire country as Persia , until 1935, when Reza Shah requested the international community to use its native and original name, Iran ; Iranians called their nation Iran since at least 1000 BC. Today, both Iran and Persia are used culturally, while Iran remains mandatory in official use. The Persian pronunciation of Iran is [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] . Commonwealth English pronunciations of Iran are listed in
5124-473: The executive of affairs such as signing treaties and other international agreements, and administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs, all as approved by the Rahbar. The President appoints ministers, subject to the approval of the Parliament, and the Rahbar, who can dismiss or reinstate any minister. The President supervises the Council of Ministers , coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before
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#17328870412085208-400: The green belt of the north side of the country; the Turan region, which are mainly scattered in the center of Iran; Zagros region , which mainly contains oak forests in the west; the Persian Gulf region , which is scattered in the southern coastal belt; the Arasbarani region , which contains rare and unique species. More than 8,200 plant species are grown. The land covered by natural flora
5292-453: The head of the Supreme Court and chief public prosecutor. There are several types of courts, including public courts that deal with civil and criminal cases, and revolutionary courts which deal with certain offences, such as crimes against national security . The decisions of the revolutionary courts are final and cannot be appealed. The Chief Justice is the head of the judicial system and responsible for its administration and supervision. He
5376-445: The legislature. Eight Vice Presidents serve under the President, as well as a cabinet of 22 ministers, all appointed by the president. Presidential and parliamentary candidates must be approved by the 12-member Guardian Council (all members of which are appointed by the Leader) or the Leader, before running to ensure their allegiance. The Leader rarely does the vetting, but has the power to do so, in which case additional approval of
5460-478: The military or used for wildlife protection, and entry is prohibited or requires a permit. Iran took control of Bumusa , and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs in 1971, in the Strait of Hormuz between the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Despite the islands being small and having little natural resources or population, they are highly valuable for their strategic location. Although the United Arab Emirates claims sovereignty, it has consistently been met with
5544-441: The most famous animals is the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah , which survives only in Iran. Iran lost all its Asiatic lions and the extinct Caspian tigers by the early 20th century. Domestic ungulates are represented by sheep , goat , cattle , horse , water buffalo , donkey and camel . Bird species like pheasant , partridge , stork , eagles and falcons are native. The Supreme Leader , "Rahbar", Leader of
5628-588: The name comes from Iraj , a legendary king. Iran was referred to as Persia by the West , due to Greek historians who referred to all of Iran as Persís , meaning 'the land of the Persians '. Persia is the Fars province in southwest Iran, the 4th largest province, also known as Pârs . The Persian Fârs (فارس), derived from the earlier form Pârs (پارس), which is in turn derived from Pârsâ ( Old Persian : 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿). Due to Fars' historical importance, Persia originated from this territory through Greek in around 550 BC, and Westerners referred to
5712-435: The national budget. All parliamentary candidates and legislation from the assembly must be approved by the Guardian Council . The Guardian Council can and has dismissed elected members of the parliament. The parliament has no legal status without the Guardian Council, and the Council holds absolute veto power over legislation. The Expediency Discernment Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and
5796-477: The original on 2005-05-20 . Retrieved 2005-05-17 . ^ "Accueil - Expertise France" . Expertisefrance.fr . ^ "Erreur - France-Diplomatie - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères" . France.diplomatie.fr . ^ "Irish Aid - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade" . Dci.gov.ie . ^ "Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs" . GxMSDev . ^ "Cooperazione Italiana allo Sviluppo" . Archived from
5880-5376: The original on 2007-08-18 . Retrieved 2007-08-13 . ^ "RoAid - Programul României de cooperare pentru dezvoltare" . Aod.ro . ^ "Россотрудничество" . Rs.gov.ru . ^ "SlovakAid" . Slovakaid.sk . ^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2011-07-01 . Retrieved 2018-09-07 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ^ [1] ^ "Taiwan ICDF" . www.icdf.org.tw . ^ "Thailand International Cooperation Agency" . Tica.thaigov.net . ^ "TİKA - Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı - TİKA" . Tika.gov.tr . ^ "The Center for Victims of Torture" . Cvt.org . ^ "Centre for Values in Leadership - A Leadership Development Centre" . Cvl.com.ng . ^ "H&H United Foundation" . humanityandhope.org/ . ^ "TMSS" . Tmss-bd.org . ^ "World Accord - Cultivating Communities That Thrive" . World Accord . Retrieved 10 August 2018 . ^ "DevelopmentAid" . DevelopmentAid . Retrieved Jan 31, 2023 . v t e International development agencies maintained by governments Africa Egypt: EAPD Asia Pacific Australia: DFAT China: CIDCA Israel: Mashav Japan: JICA Kuwait: KFAED Saudi Arabia: SDRPY South Korea: KOICA / Korea Eximbank New Zealand: NZAID Palestine: PICA Taiwan: ICDF Thailand: TICA Europe Austria: ADA Azerbaijan: AIDA Denmark: DANIDA Finland: FINIDA France: AFD Germany: GIZ Greece: Hellenic Aid Ireland: Irish Aid Italy: AICS Liechtenstein: Liechtensteinische Entwicklungsdienst Luxembourg: Lux-Development Norway: Norad Portugal: IPAD Poland: Polish Aid Russia: Rossotrudnichestvo Spain: AECID Sweden: Sida Switzerland: SDC Turkey: TIKA United Kingdom: DFID North America Canada: CIDA United States: USAID , Millennium Challenge Corporation South America Brazil: ABC Chile: AGCI v t e Diplomacy and diplomats Roles Diplomatic leader titles Multilateral Permanent representative United Nations Ambassador-at-large Resident representative Bilateral-national Ambassador High commissioner Nuncio Chargé d'affaires Head of mission Deputy chief of mission Bilateral-subnational Consul Bilateral-insular Resident Resident commissioner Envoy Agent-general By portfolio ( Attaché ) Agricultural attaché Chargé de mission Conseiller chargé des investissements Cultural attaché Military attaché Science attaché Trade commissioner Other roles Diplomatic courier King's Messenger Foreign minister Plenipotentiary Classification Diplomatic rank Offices Apostolic nunciature Consular corps Consulate De facto embassy Diplomatic corps African Diplomatic Corps Diplomatic mission High commission Legation Protecting power Exclusive mandate Types Caviar Checkbook Coercive Commercial Cultural Culinary Defence Debt-trap Digital Dollar Economic Energy Freelance Full-spectrum Guerrilla Gunboat Hostage Iron Medical Migration New Panda Bamboo Paradiplomacy Parley Pilgrimage Ping-pong Preventive Public Science Shuttle Stadium Track II Wolf warrior Topics Appeasement Consular assistance Consular immunity Diplomatic accreditation Diplomatic bag Diplomatic cable Diplomatic credentials Diplomatic history Diplomatic illness Diplomatic immunity Diplomatic law Diplomatic service Diplomatic uniform Protocol Persona non grata Soft power Documents Exequatur Letter of credence Letter of protest Other topics Development aid Agencies Parliamentary delegation Summit Plenipotentiary Conference Twin towns and sister cities Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Commons Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_development_aid_agencies&oldid=1256117279 " Categories : International development agencies International development multilaterals Lists of environmental organizations Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from April 2019 Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint: archived copy as title Articles with dead external links from August 2018 Articles with short description Short description
5964-962: The original on 2013-03-26 . Retrieved 2013-04-07 . ^ "Japan's ODA (Official Development Assistance) ｜ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan" . Mofa.go.jp . ^ "Japan International Cooperation Agency" . Jica.go.jp . ^ "Korea International Cooperation Agency" . Archived from the original on 2007-01-22 . Retrieved 2006-10-18 . ^ "Kuwait Fund" . Kuwait-fund.org . ^ "Home - LED Liechtensteinischer Entwicklungsdienst" . Led.li . 12 August 2014. ^ "LuxDev - Accueil" . Lux-development.lu . ^ "Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AMEXCID)" . Amexcid.gob.mx . ^ New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. "Aid & development" . New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade . ^ Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse. "Home - landingspage" . Minbuza.nl . Archived from
6048-703: The original on 2017-08-08 . Retrieved 2008-01-29 . ^ "The Netherlands Foreign Trade and Development Agency" . Hollandinbusiness.com . Archived from the original on 2017-12-19 . Retrieved 2020-03-08 . ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs" . www.mfa.no . Archived from the original on 29 May 2001 . Retrieved 13 January 2022 . ^ "Polska pomoc" . Polskapomoc.gov.pl . ^ "Início - Camões - Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua" . Instituto-camoes.pt . ^ "Palestinian International Cooperation Agency - PICA" . pica.pna.ps . ^ "TaiwanICDF International Cooperation and Development Fund" . Archived from
6132-748: The original on 2019-02-14 . Retrieved 2017-05-23 . ^ "Portal der öffentlichen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit Österreichs: Home" . Ada.gv.acnct . ^ "Austrian Development Agency" . Bmaa.gv.at . ^ "Phönix 2016" . Awsg.at . ^ "AIDA" . Aida.az . ^ "Diplomatie.be" . Diplobel.fgov.be . Archived from the original on 2019-05-30 . Retrieved 2020-03-08 . ^ "Belgian Development Agency - ENABEL -" . enabel.be . ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (March 21, 2013). Federal budget folds CIDA into Foreign Affairs. CBC News. ^ Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015). Machinery of Government Changes Archived 2018-01-17 at
6216-518: The president. Regional policy is directly controlled by the Rahbar, with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' task limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. Ambassadors to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the Quds Force , which directly reports to the Rahbar. The Rahbar can order laws to be amended. Setad was estimated at $ 95 billion in 2013 by Reuters, accounts of which are secret even to
6300-730: The remaining coast of the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz , and Gulf of Oman. Iranian islands are mainly located in the Persian Gulf. Iran has 102 islands in Urmia Lake , 427 in Aras River , several in Anzali Lagoon , Ashurade Island in the Caspian Sea , Sheytan Island in the Oman Sea and other inland islands. Iran has an uninhabited island at the far end of the Gulf of Oman , near Pakistan. A few islands can be visited by tourists. Most are owned by
6384-649: The secretary of the Supreme Council, and the decisions of the council are effective after the confirmation by the Leader. The SNSC formulates nuclear policy, and would become effective if they are confirmed by the Leader. The legislature , known as the Islamic Consultative Assembly (ICA), Iranian Parliament or "Majles", is a unicameral body comprising 290 members elected for four-years. It drafts legislation, ratifies international treaties , and approves
6468-569: The west part. The UN Resident Coordinator for Iran, has said that " Water scarcity poses the most severe human security challenge in Iran today". To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with freezing average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The east and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The southern coastal plains of
6552-492: The west, Azerbaijan , Armenia , the Caspian Sea , and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a multi-ethnic population of almost 90 million in an area of 1,648,195 km (636,372 sq mi), Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population . It is the sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of
6636-469: The world's most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic , Iran has a Muslim-majority population . The country is divided into five regions with 31 provinces . Tehran is the nation's capital , largest city and financial center . A cradle of civilization , Iran has been inhabited since the Lower Palaeolithic . The large part of Iran was first unified as a political entity by
6720-451: The world's longest caves. Iran's climate is diverse, ranging from arid and semi-arid , to subtropical along the Caspian coast and northern forests. On the north edge of the country, temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). Annual precipitation is 680 mm (26.8 in) in the east part of the plain and more than 1,700 mm (66.9 in) in
6804-502: Was elected to office. Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km (636,372 sq mi). It is the sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and the second-largest in West Asia. It lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N , and longitudes 44° and 64° E . It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia (35 km or 22 mi), the Azeri exclave of Nakhchivan (179 km or 111 mi), and
6888-597: Was known for his hardline views, nuclearisation, and hostility towards Israel , Saudi Arabia , the UK , the US and other states. He was the first president to be summoned by the parliament to answer questions regarding his presidency. In 2013, centrist and reformist Hassan Rouhani was elected president. In domestic policy, he encouraged personal freedom, free access to information, and improved women's rights. He improved Iran's diplomatic relations through exchanging conciliatory letters. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
6972-647: Was reached in Vienna in 2015, between Iran, the P5+1 ( UN Security Council + Germany) and the EU. The negotiations centered around ending the economic sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium . In 2018, however, the US under Trump Administration withdrew from the deal and new sanctions were imposed. This nulled the economic provisions, left the agreement in jeopardy, and brought Iran to nuclear threshold status . In 2020, IRGC general, Qasem Soleimani ,
7056-627: Was the largest drone strike in history, biggest missile attack in Iranian history, its first ever direct attack on Israel and the first time since 1991 , Israel was directly attacked by a state force. This occurred during heightened tensions amid the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip . In May 2024, President Raisi was killed in a helicopter crash , and Iran held a presidential election in June, when reformist and former Minister of Health , Masoud Pezeshkian ,
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