34-764: The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) is an outcome measure that was created in 1997 by the Committee of the World Federation of Neurology with the goal of standardizing the quantification of impairment due to cerebellar ataxia . The scale is scored out of 100 with 19 items and 4 subscales of postural and gait disturbances , limb ataxia, dysarthria , and oculomotor disorders. Higher scores indicate higher levels of impairment. The ICARS has been validated for use in patients with focal cerebellar lesions and hereditary spinocerebellar and Friedrich's ataxia . More recently, two shorter ataxia scales based upon
68-632: A different form as the WFN newsletter, while a new international Journal of the Neurological Sciences was founded in 1964. Until Richard Masland's Presidency, the WFN newsletter was found in the Journal of the Neurological Sciences. Masland realised the importance of a separate newsletter with information of the development of the WFN, news from the Research Groups and communication about activities in
102-426: A new digital edition through Ascend Integrated Media. The WFN scientific journals provides a medium for the publication of original articles in neurology and neuroscience from around the world. The journals places special emphasis on articles that: The Journal of the Neurological Sciences (JNS) comprised topics from neurology-related fields that are considered to be of interest to practicing physicians around
136-620: A superb speaker and a lifelong student of the human mind. His last book on the life and career of Hughlings Jackson , jointly with his wife Eileen, has been published posthumously. He had married twice: firstly to Edna Morris from 1927 until her death in 1974, with whom he had two sons (one of whom being the politician Julian Critchley ) and secondly Eileen Hargreaves, whom he married in 1974. He lived at Hughlings House (named in honour of John Hughlings Jackson), at Nether Stowey in Somerset, where he died on 15 October 1997, aged 97. In 2013
170-409: The parietal lobes . Headache was also one of his many interests. He started a Headache Clinic at King's College Hospital and was one of the founders of the "British Migraine Trust" . He delivered a paper at the "First Migraine Symposium" in 1966 on "Migraine: from Cappadocia to Queen Square" , combining his clinical interest with his love of history. Critchley was a handsome and impressive figure,
204-700: The Editor-in-Chief, with van Bogaert and Pearce Bailey as Associate Editors. The first issue of World Neurology was published in July 1960. The new journal had an ambitious program. As the Editor-in-Chief wrote in his first editorial: Right from the beginning we are emphasising the international and multilingual nature of this publication as well as the variety of the aspects of neurology which we hope to cover. ... World Neurology … requests review papers on current concepts and recent advances in their field of endeavour from authorities in clinical and basic neurology and
238-823: The First International Congress of Neurological Sciences, held in Brussels in July, 1957. The original idea of the WFN arose during a dinner in Antwerp in 1955. Ludo van Bogaert (Belgium, 1897–1989), Armand Lowenthal (The Netherlands, 1919–2001) and Charles Poser (Belgium, 1923–2010) discussed the formation of a club consisting mainly of neuropathologists (named were Erna Christensen, Aagot Christie Löken , Willibald Scholz , Julius Hallervorden , Hugo Spatz , Georges Schaltenbrand , Ivan Bertrand , Jean-Emmanuel Grüner) and some neurologists ( MacDonald Critchley , Raymond Garcin , Georg Herman Monrad-Krohn ). The purpose
272-699: The ICARS have been created and validated, the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS). The SARA is a shorter, 8 item, 40 point scale which has been validated in ataxia patients. The BARS was developed in 2009 in an attempt to both reduce redundancies of the ICARS, but also to shorten and simplify the administration of ataxia outcome measures. World Federation of Neurology World Federation of Neurology (WFN)
306-729: The Institute at Queen Square . His influence spread throughout the neurological world by teaching and writings and he later became President of the World Federation of Neurology . He studied under Gordon Morgan Holmes , Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson and Francis Walshe . During World War II he was a Consulting Neurologist in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve based at HMS Drake . His contributions to knowledge depended not on technology, but on his power of observation and meticulous dissection of human sensibility and behaviour. The best known of his works were those on aphasia and
340-582: The Neurological Sciences , as the official bulletin of the WFN, with 6 issues a year. Each issue contained information from the WFN with reports from committee meetings. There were also reports from meetings of national and regional neurological societies. The scientific articles had summaries in English, French and German. Most papers were in English, but manuscripts in French or German were also accepted for publication. In 1964, Nikolai Graschenko (1901–1965) urged that
374-777: The Pre-Congress issue 15 July 1985. The cost of the four issues, which were circulated to over 18,000 neurologists was underwritten by the Congress Management and the German Organising Committee. Several pharmaceutical companies, Eisai, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Schering Healthcare, Lilly, and Smith Kline Beecham, gave substantial grants to help with the costs of publishing World Neurology in its new format, first with Eldred Smith-Gordon and subsequently with Cambridge Medical Publications. In January 2013, World Neurology ceased printing in hard-copy and made available only as
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#1732898456016408-542: The Secretary-General. The Congress, which was a result of a generous initiative by the American Neurological Association , brought together individuals from 42 countries of several continents. The Berne congress was important because it was the first occasion for neurologists to meet, learn from each other, and exchange views. But the idea of organising a world-wide club of neurological societies
442-627: The WFN with Chairmen and Secretaries of the Problem Commissions met in Geneva in July 1966. The Problem Commissions were re-named "Research Groups" and organised in the new Research Committee. The Secretaries of these Research Groups would now form the Research Committee. The hope was that each Research Group should bring money to the organisation. A few did, but many Research Groups were unable to support WFN financially. John Walton's idea
476-459: The allied disciplines. These are then translated into English, French, German, or Spanish, in each case, a language different from the one most often used by the author. An article in any language is followed by comprehensive abstracts in the other three. Seen in retrospect, publishing articles in four different languages was too ambitious and time-consuming. The Editor-in-Chief realised that standards for reviewing manuscripts varied considerably over
510-489: The editor. The only financial support the editorial office was an annual grant of US$ 500 from the funds of the WFN, with no contribution from the publisher. During the first years of its existence, the journal in addition served as a newsletter for the WFN. Reports from Council of Delegates, of Committee meetings and of WFN administrative affairs were published, often occupying several pages, but not always read as thoroughly as hoped. Around 1993, when World Neurology had become
544-569: The established WFN newsletter and published in more than 20 000 issues, the journal could focus upon its main function, being a scientific journal. Launched in March 2015, eNeurologicalSci is the WFN Open Access scientific journal. Before WFN, there was no world organisation of neurology. The idea of an international neurology meeting was born in 1927, when two neurologists, Bernard Sachs (1858–1944) and Otto Marburg (1874–1948) met to discuss
578-626: The first years of its existence, the WFN economy of the WFN had been based upon generous support from the NINDB , a part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). From 1965, it was clear that no further funding for WFN activities would come from the US Government sources. At a meeting of the WFN Executive Committee (later re-named the Council of Delegates), past and present officers of
612-514: The income of the Research Committee was only sufficient to support the secretarial and administrative expenses of the Committee. No grants were available to the Research Groups to support their activities. By 2010 the groups were known as "Applied Research Groups" and in 2019 renamed to Specialty Groups. WFN was not in a position to sponsor meetings of the Problem Commissions, who usually met during international congresses. In order to communicate with neurologists worldwide, an international journal
646-515: The journal should also accept Russian as an official language. He pointed out that there were 5-6000 neurologists in the USSR . Van Bogaert was positive to having Russian as an official language, but pointed out that the printing costs would be too high because of the Cyrillian alphabet. Macdonald Critchley was the first Editor-in-Chief. In 1965, he was elected President of the WFN, and John Walton became
680-577: The needs for neurologists to come together to discuss neurosciences and progress in neurology. The following year, Bernard Sachs wrote to key figures in international neurology. The first international neuroscience meeting took place in Berne, Switzerland, in September 1931. Bernard Sachs was the Congress President, Sir Charles Sherrington (1857–1952) Vice-President and Henry Alsop Riley (1887–1966)
714-689: The neurosciences worldwide. The first Newsletter of the World Federation of Neurology appeared as Highlights of the Meeting of the Council of Delegates and Research Committee WFN Hamburg, November 15, 1983 . It contained information not only about the coming World Congress, but it also gave information about the WFN Research Groups and the development of the organisation. It then appeared in June 1984 (second announcement), November 1984 (third announcement) and as
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#1732898456016748-422: The sequence of World Congresses of Neurology (WCN), although they took place before WFN had been founded. President: Mostafa El Alaoui Faris; 1st Vice-President: Chafiq Hicham; 2nd Vice-President: Mohamed Yahyaoui; Secretary: Maria Benabdeljil World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies |} MacDonald Critchley Macdonald Critchley CBE (2 February 1900 – 15 October 1997)
782-605: The term policy had different meanings in different countries, the Policy Committee was re-named the Steering Committee in 1969. According to the constitution and bye-laws, the president and the secretary-treasurer general should each serve for four years. Re-election is not allowed. The concept of World Brain Day was born over a corridor conversation between Tissa Wijeratne , Mohommad Wasay and Vladimir Hachinski in 2010. It
816-413: The world. Examples include neuromuscular diseases, demyelination, atrophies, dementia, neoplasms, infections, epilepsies, disturbances of consciousness, stroke and cerebral circulation, growth and development, plasticity and intermediary metabolism. The fields covered include: In 1964, Ludo van Bogaert and Armand Lowenthal negotiated a contract with Elsevier for a new journal, Journal of
850-476: The world. The traditions of the referee systems varied. There were considerable differences in traditions for the presentation of data, and spelling, usage, style and grammar varied. The number of subscriptions was very slow to increase. Conflicts appeared. Charles Poser was replaced with Gilbert Glaser as Editor-in-Chief in September 1961 and World Neurology stopped publication in December 1962. It later reappeared in
884-406: Was a British neurologist . He was former president of the World Federation of Neurology , and the author of over 200 published articles on neurology and 20 books, including The Parietal Lobes (1953), Aphasiology , and biographies of James Parkinson and Sir William Gowers . Macdonald Critchley was born at Bristol, son of gas collector Arthur Frank Critchley and Rosina Matilda (née White); he
918-642: Was educated in Bristol and received his medical degree from the University of Bristol . He served with the Royal Flying Corps . His professional life centred on King's College Hospital and National Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy , Queen Square "for the Paralysed and Epileptic", London. He was a Registrar in 1927, and he was appointed to the staff as a physician in the following year and later became Dean of
952-513: Was formed in Brussels , Belgium , in 1957, as an association of national neurological societies. It is a UK registered charity with a mission to foster quality neurology and brain health worldwide through promoting global neurological education and training, with the emphasis on under-resourced parts of the world. WFN was founded during the Sixth World Congress of Neurosciences, and at
986-498: Was formerly endorsed at the next Council of Delegates meeting with unanimous voting. WFN birthday, 22 July was selected as the Day of Brain, World Brain Day. Tissa Wijeratne and Prof David Dodick, Co-Chair of the World Brain during 2023. Van Bogaert and the leadership of the WFN realised the importance of creating groups of international leaders in various fields of neurology. These groups were called Problem Commissions . During
1020-588: Was needed. The Problem Commissions published reports from their meetings in World Neurology, later in the Journal of Neurological Sciences . This formed a backbone of an international network of neurologists. Charles Poser had suggested to Ludo van Bogaert in March 1959 that WFN needed its own journal, both as a newsletter, for publication of research news, but also as a forum for the Problem Commissions, announcements of their meetings and reports from national and international meetings in neurology. Poser became
1054-905: Was primarily to collect reprints and unpublished doctoral theses in a central location (e.g. the Institute Bunge). As the discussion progressed, they thought that the group should be expanded and that other specialists should also form such "clubs". After many talks, invitations were sent for a founding meeting to take place on 22 and 26 July 1957. A draft WFN constitution was prepared by Ludo van Bogaert , Houston Merritt , MacDonald Critchley , Auguste Tournay, Georg Schaltenbrand and Pearce Bailey , with Charles Poser as Secretary. The meetings were attended by 38 national delegates representing 29 national societies from Europe, Latin American (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Peru, Uruguay), USA, Africa (South Africa) and Asia (Iran and India): Ludo van Bogaert
International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-701: Was still 25 years forward in time. Before the World War II, a usual journey by sea across the Atlantic took about five days. Scheduled trans-atlantic flights between the US and London/Europe did not begin until after 1947. Progress in communication would be necessary for the future development of international neurology. The first international congress of neurosciences in which WFN was involved, took place in Rome in September 1961. The six first congresses have since been included in
1122-411: Was that some Problem Commissions – now Research Groups – might develop into international societies that could become corporate members of the Research Committee with the payment of an annual subscription that might improve the economy of the organisation. This proved to be a great step forward. But it took several years until it worked. In the meantime, the economic situation remained critical. By 1969,
1156-659: Was unanimously elected President of the new organisation. Pearce Bailey became Secretary-Treasurer General. There were four Vice-Presidents: Houston Merritt , Raymond Garcin , Kamil Henner and Shigeo Okinaka . An informal WFN Policy Committee was formed to consider the future policy of the new organisation. It consisted of WFN members from different countries. Among them were Macdonald Critchley , Eddie P. Bharucha (Bombay, India), Russell N. DeJong (Ann Arbor, USA), Georg Schaltenbrand (West Germany), Francois Thiébaut (Strasbourg, France), Oscar Montes Trelles (Lima, Peru), and Semen Aleksandrovich Sarkisov (Moscow, USSR ). Because
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