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41-713: The ICLA has been described as a "well-funded US group" that was based in Fairfax, Virginia , and which operated the Counter-Jihad Europa website which "acts as a clearing house for national initiatives to oppose the Islamisation of Europe". It notably organized the official international counter-jihad conferences held annually from 2007 to 2013. The organization was re-launched in 2012 as a Swiss NGO based in Basel, but has become increasingly inactive since 2014. The ICLA began in 2006 as

82-710: A "facilitator of worldwide communication". After absorbing other smaller groups such as British activists from the Talk Veritas and Infidel Bloggers Alliance, the organization was renamed to the Center for Vigilant Freedom (CVF) in 2007, then in 2009 to the ICLA. The first official "counter-jihad" conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark in April 2007, organized by the CVF, Anders Gravers Pedersen and

123-584: A consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name. Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia , whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland ; St. Louis, Missouri ; and Carson City, Nevada . Baltimore

164-450: A county, even though geographically they may be completely surrounded by one. An independent city in Virginia may serve as the county seat of an adjacent county, even though the city by definition is not part of that county. Some other Virginia municipalities, even though they may be more populous than some existing independent cities, are incorporated towns . These towns always form part of

205-566: A county. Incorporated towns have limited powers, varying by each charter. They typically share many aspects such as courts and public school divisions with the county they are within. In the Commonwealth of Virginia, there are two classes of city. The primary difference relates to the court system. A first-class city (e.g., Richmond) has its own District Court and also its own Circuit Court . A second-class city (e.g. Norton or Emporia) has its own District Courts, but not its own Circuit Court. As

246-411: A new Fairfax Regional Library, more than 45,000 square feet (4,200 m ) of retail and restaurant space, more than 70,000 square feet (6,500 m ) of office condominiums, and 85 upscale residential condominium units. In May 2009, Fairfax was rated as No. 3 in the "Top 25 Places to Live Well" by Forbes Magazine. Forbes commended Fairfax for its strong public school system, high median salary, and

287-424: A rate of sole proprietors per capita that ranks it in the top 1 percent nationwide. According to the magazine, "These factors are increasingly important in a recession. When businesses and jobs retract, as they have nationwide, municipalities with strong environments for start-ups, and those that offer attractive amenities, are better suited to recover from economic downtimes, as there are more business activity filling

328-417: A second-class city, City of Fairfax shares a Circuit Court with Fairfax County , while Falls Church shares a Circuit Court with adjacent Arlington County. In Virginia, a District Court is not a court of record , so all cases are heard by a judge; all jury trials are heard in a Circuit Court. Three older Virginia counties, whose origins go back to the original eight shires of Virginia formed in 1634 in

369-473: Is located three miles southeast of Fairfax. George Mason University , located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023. Fairfax was founded on land originally occupied by the Iroquoian Native American tribe. The city derives its name from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron , who

410-570: Is the most populous independent city in the United States. In the Commonwealth of Virginia , all municipalities incorporated as "cities" have been "independent cities", also called "free cities", since 1871, when a revised state constitution took effect following the American Civil War and the creation of West Virginia . Virginia's thirty-eight independent cities are not politically part of

451-480: Is the oldest historic building in Fairfax. The first Fairfax courthouse was established in 1742 near present-day Tysons Corner , and is the namesake for Old Courthouse Road. It intersects with Gallows Road, which today is a major commuter route, but at the time was the road where condemned prisoners were led to the gallows at the old courthouse. In 1752, the courthouse was moved to Alexandria , which offered to build

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492-556: The 910 Group (named for the day before the September 11 attacks ), originating from the Gates of Vienna comments section, which was one of the first organizations of the international counter-jihad blogosphere movement. The group aimed to protect "liberties, human rights, and religious and political freedoms [that] are under assault from extremist groups who believe in Islamist supremacy", and to be

533-627: The Colony of Virginia , have or had the word city in their names; politically, however, they are counties. The independent cities were formed to centralize trading and legal matters as the older system of merchant ships cruising from plantation to plantation was inefficient. The colonial capital of Williamsburg was created for this reason, being a port on the James River. Two of these counties are Charles City County and James City County , whose names originated with earlier "incorporations" created in 1619 by

574-665: The Stop Islamisation of Denmark (SIAD) group, coming off the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoon crisis , and was attended by Fjordman and other bloggers and activists. Stop Islamisation of Europe (SIOE) was formed as a result of contacts at the conference between Pedersen and British activist Stephen Gash . In October 2007 a second conference was held in the European and Flemish Parliaments in Brussels, Belgium, organized with

615-507: The Virginia Company as Charles Cittie and James Cittie . Additionally, Elizabeth City County , which was originally part of the older Elizabeth Cittie , became extinct in 1952 when it was consolidated politically by mutual consent with the small City of Hampton, its county seat, and the Town of Phoebus . These merged entities became the current independent city of Hampton, Virginia , one of

656-559: The county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia , in the United States. As of the 2020 census , the population was 24,146. Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by Washington Metro 's Orange Line through its Vienna station , which is a mile northeast of Fairfax. CUE Bus and Metrobus operate in Fairfax, and Virginia Railway Express 's Burke Centre station

697-422: The 2023 election, the city will lie within the 37th Virginia Senate district and the 11th House of Delegates district. Federal elected officials who represent the Fairfax include the U.S. President , U.S. Vice President , two U.S. Senators (six-year terms), and one U.S. Representative , 11th District (two-year term). On August 4, 2016, then-Mayor Scott Silverthorne was arrested in a sting operation conducted by

738-471: The Civil War's bloodiest battle, which began several days later. In 1859, Fairfax was renamed the "Town of Fairfax". It was incorporated as a town in 1874. It was incorporated as a city in 1961 by court order . Under Virginia law the city was separated from Fairfax County yet remains the county seat. In 1904, a trolley line connected Fairfax with Washington, D.C. The former Fairfax County Courthouse

779-538: The Fairfax County Police Department. After receiving a tip that he was involved in drugs-related activities online, a police detective engaged Silverthorne on an online website "...used to arrange for casual sexual encounters between men." The detective then arranged a meeting with Silverthorne and two other men, in which they agreed to exchange methamphetamine. At the meeting in Tysons , detectives performed

820-528: The Fairfax Regional Library in Fairfax. The library includes the Virginia Room, a collection of books, photographs, and manuscripts related to Fairfax County history, government, and genealogy. The intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 29 is located in the northeast corner of the city. The two major highways join to form Fairfax Boulevard for approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) through

861-650: The Revenue for four-year terms. Other elected officials who serve the city elected by city and Fairfax County voters include the Sheriff (four-year term), Commonwealth's Attorney (four-year term), and Clerk of the Court (eight-year term). State elected officials who represent Fairfax include the Virginia Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Virginia Senator (34th District), and Virginia Delegate (37th District). Starting with

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902-468: The United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as " county equivalents " and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority . However, in the case of

943-404: The banning of the term ‘Islamophobia’; to claim that Islam promotes violence against women; that Islam is not a religion but a political ideology; that criminalising ‘hate speech’ limits truth; and for cartoons depicting Prophet Muhammad to be publicly displayed". The organization also states that free speech is under threat from Islam. In 2012 the organization was present and protested the taking of

984-439: The charter. The present charter was granted in 1966. An exclave of Fairfax County is located within Fairfax. In November on even-numbered years, city voters elect a Mayor, six at-large Councilmembers, and five at-large School Board members to serve two-year terms. These offices are non-partisan and at-large, and there are no term limits. City voters also elect the two city constitutional officers: Treasurer and Commissioner of

1025-608: The city before separating. State Route 123 , State Route 236 and State Route 237 pass through the city. SR 236 is named Main Street in the city and then becomes Little River Turnpike once the city line is crossed. Interstate 66 passes just outside the city limits and is the major highway serving the Fairfax region. Connections to I-66 from the city can be made via U.S. Route 50 and State Route 123. Although these stations are located outside city limits, trips to and from Fairfax are served by: Independent city (United States) In

1066-480: The city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km ), of which all but 0.04 square miles (0.1 km ) is land. While the city is the county seat, a small portion of the county comprising the courthouse complex, the jail, and a small area nearby is itself an exclave of the county within the city. Fairfax County's Government Center is west of the Fairfax. Old Town Fairfax has undergone an extensive redevelopment, which began in 2005. The redevelopment added

1107-559: The city is Fairfax City Public Schools. The public schools in the City of Fairfax are owned by the city but administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS) system under contractual agreement with Fairfax County. This arrangement began to be in place in 1961. Fairfax schools include Fairfax High School , Lanier Middle School, Daniels Run Elementary School, Providence Elementary School, and Fairfax Academy. Schools within

1148-549: The city that are not owned by the city government include the Boyd School, Gesher Jewish Day School, Kellar School of Inova Kellar Center, Lee Highway KinderCare , Little Flock Christian School, Northern Virginia Christian Academy, Oak Valley Center, Paul VI Catholic High School (moved in 2020-2021), The Salvation Army University View Child Care Center, Saint Leo The Great School, Trinity Christian School , and Truro Preschool and Kindergarten. George Mason University ,

1189-480: The exchange and then arrested Silverthorne along with the two other men. He was charged with felony distribution of methamphetamine and misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia. He announced his resignation on Monday, August 8, 2016, in a letter to the City Council. Silverthorne maintains that he was not distributing methamphetamine for sex, and he was not tried for any sexual crimes. The school division for

1230-623: The grounds of the courthouse. The first meeting of the Fairfax Court was held April 21, 1800. The oldest two-story building in Fairfax, the Fairfax Public School was built in 1873 for $ 2,750. In addition to elementary school use, the building has also housed special education, adult education, and police academy training. On July 4, 1992, the building became the Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center. Joseph Edward Willard built

1271-638: The help of Paul Beliën of The Brussels Journal and the Vlaams Belang party. The conference was attended by notable authors and activists such as Bat Ye'or , David Littman , Andrew G. Bostom , Robert Spencer , Pamela Geller , Lars Hedegaard , Aryeh Eldad , Patrick Sookhdeo , Paul Weston and Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff . The ICLA began attending conferences of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in 2009, where it has argued "for

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1312-685: The largest university in the Commonwealth of Virginia , is located just south of Fairfax's city limits. The university enrolls 33,917 students, making it the largest university by head count in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The university was founded in 1949, and was initially an extension of the University of Virginia named the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia. Nine years after its founding, in 1958, te Town of Fairfax purchased 150 acres (0.61 km ) for

1353-464: The new courthouse at their own expense. The reason the courthouse was moved from the Tysons Corner location was because of "Indian hostilities", as noted on the stone marker at the northwest corner of Gallows Road and Route 123 . The courthouse operated there until 1790, when Virginia ceded the land where the courthouse was located for the creation of Washington, D.C. The General Assembly specified that

1394-463: The new courthouse should be located in the center of the county, and was established at the corner of what was Old Little River Turnpike and is present-day Main Street and Ox Road at Chain Bridge Road on land donated by town founder Richard Ratcliffe. The courthouse changed hands repeatedly during the American Civil War . The first Confederate officer battle casualty, John Quincy Marr, occurred on

1435-752: The oath of a city councillor of the Islam List party in Anderlecht, Belgium, stating that it is "illegal and anti-democratic to tolerate an elected official who wants to turn Belgium into an Islamic state". Activists attending OSCE conferences have included Alain Wagner, Chris Knowles, Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff, Liz Schmidt, Felix Strüning, Henrik Ræder Clausen , Valerie Price, Ann Marchini, Edward S. May, and Stephen Coughlin , from affiliated groups such as ACT for America , Center for Security Policy and Citizens' Movement Pax Europa . Activist Rabia Kazan has also worked for

1476-467: The organisation. By 2015 the ICLA however fell out with OSCE, due to OSCE in its view "enforcing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ’s narrative", although it has attended some later conferences. The website of the organization has been inactive since 2016. Fairfax, Virginia Fairfax, Virginia ( / ˈ f ɛər f æ k s / FAIR -faks ), is an independent city in Virginia and

1517-531: The town hall building in 1900 then gifted it to the then town in 1902. The Old Town Hall now houses the Huddleston Library and the Fairfax Art League. Fairfax is located close to the geographic center of Fairfax County , at 38°51′9″N 77°18′15″W  /  38.85250°N 77.30417°W  / 38.85250; -77.30417 (38.852612, −77.304377). According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,

1558-661: The university, though the property remained within the county when the town became a city. In 1972, following several name changes, the institution became George Mason University. The university is most known for its programs in economics , law , creative writing , computer science , and business . George Mason University faculty have twice won the Nobel Prize in Economics . George Mason University economics professors James M. Buchanan and Vernon L. Smith won it in 1986 and 2002, respectively. Fairfax County Public Library operates

1599-527: The void." According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: As an independent city of Virginia, rather than an incorporated town within a county, Fairfax derives its governing authority from the Virginia General Assembly . In order to revise the power and structure of the city government, the city must request the General Assembly to amend

1640-512: Was awarded 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km ) of land in northern Virginia by King Charles. The area that the city now encompasses was settled in the early 18th century by farmers from Virginia's Tidewater region . The town of "Providence" was established on the site by an act of the state legislature in 1805. On June 1, 1861, the first land battle of the Civil War , the Battle of Fairfax Court House ,

1681-428: Was fought in Fairfax after a Union Army scouting party clashed with the local militia; the outcome was indecisive with neither side gaining advantage. A second battle took place in Fairfax two years later, on June 27, 1863, in which Union troops were defeated, which delayed the movements of Confederate cavalry chief Jeb Stuart with disastrous consequences for Robert E. Lee at the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg ,

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