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61-455: A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of contestants. Pageants have now evolved to include other criteria, such as personality , intelligence, talent, character, causes, and charitable involvement, through closed-door interviews with judges, or the conventional question-and-answer round(s) in the finals. The term "beauty pageant" originally refers to

122-573: A "Bathing Girl Revue" competition as the centerpiece of its attractions. The event was the kick-off of the summer tourist season in the city and was carried forward annually. The event quickly became known outside of Texas and, beginning in 1926, the world's first international contest was added, known as the International Pageant of Pulchritude . This contest is said to have served as a model for modern pageants. It featured contestants from England, Russia, Turkey , and many other nations and

183-533: A beauty contest is generally called a beauty queen for female pageants and a beauty king for male pageants. Pageant titles are often subdivided into "Miss", "Mrs." or "Ms.", and "Teen", to clearly identify the difference between pageant divisions. The rankings of the contestants are referred to as placements . European festivals dating back to the Middle Ages provide the most direct lineage for beauty pageants. For example, English May Day celebrations always had

244-403: A choir cape (cappa choralis), is most traditional. It is a long black woolen cloak fastened with a clasp at the neck and often has a hood. Cardinals and bishops may also wear a black plush hat or, less formally, a biretta . In practice, the cassock and especially the ferraiolone have become much less common and no particular formal attire has appeared to replace them. The most formal alternative

305-686: A developmental history of its own and generally looks different from formal dress for social occasions. Many invitations to white tie events, like the last published edition of the British Lord Chamberlain's Guide to Dress at Court , explicitly state that national costume or national dress may be substituted for white tie. In general, each of the supplementary alternatives applies equally for both day attire , and evening attire. Including court dresses , diplomatic uniforms , and academic dresses . Prior to World War II formal style of military dress, often referred to as full dress uniform,

366-586: A female-oriented competition, male beauty pageants also exist, as do child beauty pageants for youth. The term "beauty pageant" refers originally to the Big Four beauty pageants : Miss Universe , Miss World , Miss International , and Miss Earth . Hundreds and thousands of beauty contests are held annually, but the Big Four are considered the most prestigious, and are widely covered and broadcast by news media . The earliest formal beauty pageants were held in

427-411: A level of flexibility is indicated (for example "uniform, morning coat or lounge suit", such as seen to the royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in 2018), the hosts tend to wear the most formal interpretation of that dress code in order to save guests the inconvenience of out-dressing. Since the most formal versions of national costumes are typically permitted as supplementary alternatives to

488-404: A numerical coefficient in ranking contestants, and this type of scoring still remains followed as a system even in nationwide beauty pageants such as Miss America . Researchers suggest that these events strengthen skills, such as interpersonal communications, self-assurance, and public speaking, which prove to be useful in future career paths. The requirement for contestants to wear a swimsuit

549-551: A talent agency in which she claimed that she was pressured to sign by Burning Productions, a film production company which is rumored to be linked with the Japanese underworld, but she refused and went ahead by starting her own company. Yoshimatsu filed criminal charges against one of Japan's most powerful talent agency executives, Genichi Taniguchi of Burning Productions, for allegedly stalking, intimidating, and harassing her. Diversity of contestants and winners have both increased since

610-548: A year to marry Filipino businessman Virgilio Hilario while Amparo Muñoz , Miss Universe 1974 of Spain refused to travel to Japan and instead resigned after six months of her reign. However, since the pageant had no concrete rule on resignation at that time, they were allowed to keep their titles. In Miss Earth, the 2002 winner, Dzejla Glavovic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was dethroned of her crown six months into her reign, after she failed to show up at several environmental events. According to Carousel Productions, organizer of

671-463: Is a clerical waistcoat incorporating a Roman collar (a rabat) worn with a collarless French cuff shirt and a black suit, although this is closer to black-tie than white tie. Historically, clerics in the Church of England would wear a knee-length cassock called an apron, accompanied by a tailcoat with silk facings but no lapels, for a white tie occasion. In modern times this is rarely seen. However, if worn,

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732-669: Is often instructed to be worn with official full size orders and medals . The protocol indicating particularly men's traditional formal wear has remained virtually unchanged since the early 20th century. Despite decline following the counterculture of the 1960s , it remains observed in formal settings influenced by Western culture : notably around Europe , the Americas , South Africa , Australia , as well as Japan . For women, although fundamental customs for formal ball gowns (and wedding gowns ) likewise apply, changes in fashion have been more dynamic. Traditional formal headgear for men

793-685: Is the Western dress code category applicable for the most formal occasions, such as weddings , christenings , confirmations , funerals , Easter and Christmas traditions , in addition to certain state dinners , audiences , balls , and horse racing events. Generally permitted other alternatives, though, are the most formal versions of ceremonial dresses (including court dresses , diplomatic uniforms and academic dresses ), full dress uniforms , religious clothing , national costumes , and most rarely frock coats (which preceded morning coat as default formal day wear 1820s-1920s). In addition, formal wear

854-442: Is the top hat , and for women picture hats etc. of a range of interpretations. Shoes for men are dress shoes , dress boots or pumps and for women heeled dress pumps . In western countries, a "formal" or white tie dress code typically means tailcoats for men and evening dresses for women. The most formal dress for women is a full-length ball or evening gown with evening gloves . Some white tie functions also request that

915-418: Is the army blue cape with branch colour lining. Certain clergy wear, in place of white tie outfits, a cassock with ferraiolone , which is a light-weight ankle-length cape intended to be worn indoors. The colour and fabric of the ferraiolone is determined by the rank of the cleric and can be scarlet watered silk, purple silk, black silk or black wool. For outerwear, the black cape (cappa nigra), also known as

976-561: Is the first and oldest beauty pageant in Asia. The Miss Black America contest started in 1968 in response to the exclusion of African American women from the Miss America pageant. The Miss Universe Organization started the Miss Teen USA in 1983 for the 14–19 age group. Miss Earth started in 2001, which channels the beauty pageant entertainment industry to actively promote the preservation of

1037-633: Is the following list of the largest international deaf competitions in pageantry. Beauty pageant A beauty pageant is a competition in which the contestants are judged and ranked based on various physical and mental attributes. Per its name, beauty pageants traditionally focus on judging the contestants' physical attractiveness , sometimes solely so, but most modern beauty pageants have since expanded to also judge contestants based on "inner beauty"—their individual traits and characteristics, including personality , intelligence , aptitude , moral character , and charity . Though typically perceived as

1098-612: The Army Service Uniform with bow tie are accepted, especially for non-commissioned officers and newly commissioned officers. For white-tie occasions, of which there are almost none in the United States outside the national capital region for U.S. Army, an officer must wear a wing-collar shirt with white tie and white vest. For black tie occasions, officers must wear a turndown collar with black tie and black cummerbund. The only outer coat prescribed for both black- and white-tie events

1159-449: The Big Four international beauty pageants . Pageant titles are divided into Miss , Mrs ., Mister , and Teen , as well as international, regional, and national—to clearly identify the differences among these categories. Similar events for male pageants are usually called by other names, some are likely to be bodybuilding competitions. The following are list of the world's Big Four beauty pageants (the original Big Four ) considered

1220-555: The Middle Ages . More widespread conventions emerged around royal courts in Europe in the more interconnected Early Modern era . The justacorps with cravat , breeches and tricorne hat was established as the first suit (in an anarchaic sense) by the 1660s-1790s. It was sometimes distinguished by day and evening wear. By the Age of Revolution in the Late Modern era , it was replaced by

1281-735: The Miss Teen USA 2007 pageant, Caitlin Upton gained international notoriety for her convoluted and nonsensical response to a question posed to her during the August 2007 national pageant. During the pageant, judge Aimee Teegarden asked: "Recent polls have shown a fifth of Americans can't locate the U.S. on a world map. Why do you think this is?". Upton responded: I personally believe that U.S. Americans are unable to do so because, uh, some, uh, people out there in our nation don't have maps and, uh, I believe that our education like such as in South Africa and, uh,

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1342-546: The semi-formal evening wear black tie from the 1880s and the informal wear suit accepted by polite society from the 1920s. The dress codes counted as formal wear are the formal dress codes of morning dress for daytime and white tie for evenings. Although some consider strollers for daytime and black tie for the evening as formal, they are traditionally considered semi-formal attires, sartorially speaking below in formality level. The clothes dictated by these dress codes for women are ball gowns . For many uniforms,

1403-463: The 1880s. In 1888, the title of 'beauty queen' was awarded to an 18-year-old Creole contestant at a pageant in Spa, Belgium . All participants had to supply a photograph and a short description of themselves to be eligible to enter and a final selection of 21 was judged by a formal panel. Such events were not regarded as respectable. In 1880, Rehoboth Beach, Delaware held the first recorded beauty pageant in

1464-516: The 19th century, although similar informal events date back to at least the post-classical period . Modern beauty pageants were first established in the early 20th century, with their popularity later boosted by the establishment of international pageants in the mid-20th century. Reforms of pageants in the 21st century marked a shift from primarily focusing on physical appearance to placing more weight on other characteristics. Beauty pageants are generally multi-tiered, with local competitions feeding into

1525-429: The Big Four pageant winners, but when it does occur, it creates media attention. The Miss World pageant has had 3 cases of dethronement or resignation instances: In its early years, there were two instances where the reigning Miss Universe opted to resign from her position: Armi Kuusela , Miss Universe 1952 from Finland, who held the distinction of being the first Miss Universe winner to give up her crown in less than

1586-643: The Holocaust. In 1959, Japanese model Akiko Kojima became the first woman of color to win the Miss Universe title. Her success marked the beginning of a shift away from white women as the global female beauty ideal. The continued success of Asian women in American and international beauty pageants has signaled that white women are no longer considered the beauty ideal. In 1983, Vanessa Williams , an American singer, actress and fashion designer gained recognition as being

1647-594: The Iraq, everywhere like such as, and, I believe that they should, our education over here in the U.S. should help the U.S., uh, or, uh, should help South Africa and should help the Iraq and the Asian countries, so we will be able to build up our future. For our children. As a guest on NBC 's The Today Show , Upton told Ann Curry and Matt Lauer that she was overwhelmed when asked the question and did not comprehend it correctly. Formal wear Formal wear or full dress

1708-458: The Miss Earth contest, Glavovic was dethroned because of "her inability to fulfill the duties and responsibilities as the Miss Earth titleholder, in accordance with the rules and regulations set forth in the Miss Earth contract that she signed." She was succeeded by first runner-up Winfred Omwakwe of Kenya as Miss Earth 2002 . In Miss International, Ikumi Yoshimatsu , Miss International 2012

1769-468: The Miss Howard University competition takes advantage of the principles of "black beauty". The winner is often viewed as a model for the "ideal" community member. Through the competitions, the contestants can learn how to present themselves in public and how to cultivate certain traits such as confidence or poise. In some cases, the competitors are selected to act as a representative on behalf of

1830-528: The United States is linked to an economic boom geared towards a more consumeristic lifestyle. For example, in India, from 1996 to 2000, the personal care industry grew by 25% while the number of women applying for the Miss India competition increased from 1000 people in 1993 to 6500 people in 2001. Additionally, after China hosted about 6 international beauty pageants in 2004, the beauty industry increased in influence in

1891-508: The United States, searching for "the most beautiful unmarried woman in our nation" and awarding her the title of Miss United States . Beauty contests came to be considered more respectable with the first modern " Miss America " contest held in 1921. The oldest pageant still in operation today is the Miss America pageant, which was organized in 1921 by a local businessman to entice tourists to Atlantic City, New Jersey . The pageant hosted

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1952-518: The area. At the same time, the number of regional beauty pageants in the country increased. Critics of beauty pageants argue that such contests reinforce the idea that girls and women should be valued primarily for their physical appearance, and that this puts tremendous pressure on women to conform to conventional beauty standards by spending time and money on fashion, cosmetics, hair styling , and even cosmetic surgery . They say that this pursuit of physical beauty even encourages some women to diet to

2013-651: The community. In the African American community of Howard University, the selected Miss Howard University served as advocates for the Civil Rights Movement in the decades following the 1960s. Additionally, the Miss Landmine competition situated in Angola allow victims to serve as advocates on behalf of other victims of mining accidents. Researchers suggest that the emergence of beauty pageants in countries outside

2074-478: The dress coat from the transition period was maintained as formal evening wear in the form of white tie , remaining so until this day. By the 1840s, the first cutaway morning coats of contemporary style emerged, which would eventually replace the frock coat as formal day wear by the 1920s. Likewise, starting from the 1860s, fashion evolved to gradually introduce the more sportive, shorter suit jacket , likewise originating in country leisure wear. This evolved into

2135-402: The environment. These contests continue to this day. Major international contests for women include the yearly Miss World competition (founded by Eric Morley in 1951), Miss Universe (founded in 1952), Miss International (founded in 1960), and Miss Earth (founded in 2001 with environmental awareness as its concern). These four are considered the biggest and most well known pageants,

2196-587: The first African American woman to receive the Miss America title. In 1991, Lupita Jones , a Mexican actress and television producer, became the first Mexican person to win Miss Universe. Besides the international beauty pageants, numerous minor competitions exist throughout the world displaying the different perceptions of beauty. Some examples of criteria to select beauty queens that are unique to certain culture. The Miss India USA pageant uses Indian history and traditional craft skills as its specialties, while

2257-408: The four largest and most famous international beauty contests for single or unmarried women (all apply to single or unmarried women except Miss Universe ). Most pageants give an age requirement to be eligible to compete; for example, Miss Universe has a maximum age requirement of 28 years old. 2023: The swimsuit parade to replaced by Lingerie parade. Dethronements and resignations are rare for

2318-454: The inception of beauty pageants. In 1945, Bess Myerson , an American politician, model and, television actress became the first Jewish person to win the Miss America title in the Atlantic city and to this day remains the only Jewish person to have received the crown. Her success in winning the title was hugely symbolic and personal to Jewish people at that time because it in the direct aftermath of

2379-468: The knee-length cassock is now replaced with normal dress trousers. In Western formal state ceremonies and social functions, diplomats, foreign dignitaries, and guests of honour wear a Western formal dress if not wearing their own national dress. Many cultures have a formal day and evening dress, for example: Although ceased as a protocol-regulated required formal attire at the British royal court in 1936 at

2440-693: The larger competitions; for example, the international pageants have hundreds or thousands of local competitions. The organizers of each pageant may determine the competition rules, including the age range of contestants. The rules may also require the contestants to be unmarried, and be virtuous, amateur, and available for promotions, besides other criteria. It may also set the clothing standards in which contestants will be judged, including such as formal wear , swimsuit , sportswear , or designer clothing . Possible awards of beauty contests include titles, tiaras , crowns , sashes , bouquets , scepters , savings bonds , scholarships , and prize money . The winner of

2501-522: The most important in the world. The following are minor beauty pageants. These lists are based on the year they were established. The following are continental and regional pageants: List of teen beauty pageants: List of international marital beauty pageants: List of senior women (aged 40+) beauty pageants: The following list are the leading world's largest male beauty pageants (the Big Seven ); known as major in male pageantry. Big Seven are considered

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2562-403: The most prestigious, widely covered and broadcast by media . Various news agencies collectively refer to the seven major pageants as "Big Seven" namely: The following are list of minor male beauty pageant. These lists are based on the year they were established. List of teen beauty pageants: Here is the following list of the largest international LGBTQIA+ competitions in pageantry. Here

2623-496: The official clothing is unisex. Examples of this are court dress , academic dress , and military full dress uniform . Morning dress is the daytime formal dress code , consisting chiefly for men of a morning coat , waistcoat , and striped trousers , and an appropriate dress for women. The required clothing for men, in the evening, is roughly the following: Women wear a variety of dresses. See ball gowns , evening gowns , and wedding dresses . Business attire for women has

2684-584: The order of the short-reigning King Edward VIII , the frock coat - embodying the background for all contemporary civil formal wear - has not altogether vanished. Yet, it is a rarity mostly confined to infrequent appearances at certain weddings . The state funeral of Winston Churchill in 1965 included bearers of frock coats. To this day, King Tupou VI of Tonga (born 1959) has been a frequent wearer of frock coats at formal occasions. Also more recent fashion has been inspired by frock coats: Prada 's autumn editions of 2012, Alexander McQueen 's menswear in

2745-486: The pageant that include Poise and Beauty of Face and Environmental and Intelligence Competition . The organizers defended the "beauty of figure and form" segment and released a statement that the said round was intended to promote strict impartiality during pre-judging by focusing on the contestants' curves, execution and not beautiful face. There have been numerous scandals in the beauty pageant industry and they continue to emerge as beauty pageants become more known to

2806-606: The point of harming themselves. The London Feminist Network argues that rather than being empowering, beauty pageants do the opposite: denying women's full humanity by subjecting them to objectification , denying their full humanity by maintaining that their primary purpose is to be attractive. Beginning in 1981, the International Year of the Disabled Person, campaigners in Australia targeted beauty pageants in order to, in

2867-405: The previously-casual country leisure wear-associated front cutaway dress coat around the 1790s-1810s. At the same time, breeches were gradually replaced by pantaloons , as were tricorne hats by bicorne hats and ultimately by the top hat by the 19th century and thenceforth. By the 1820s, the dress coat was replaced as formal day wear by the dark, closed-front knee-length frock coat . However,

2928-604: The public. In December 2017, HuffPost published emails written by then-Miss America CEO Sam Haskell that disparaged former pageant contestants, making vulgar references to their weight and personal lives. Due to the release of these emails to the public, Haskell and several other board members resigned from their positions. Laura Zúñiga , former Miss Hispanic America, was detained with her boyfriend and six other people, and charged with racketeering, drug trafficking, weapons violations, and money laundering. When apprehended, they had multiple handguns and roughly $ 53,000 in cash. At

2989-671: The selection of a May Queen . In the United States, the May Day tradition of selecting a woman to serve as a symbol of beauty and community ideals continued, as young, beautiful women participated in public celebrations. The first known beauty pageant was the Belle of the Anna-Ball , a Hungarian traditional beauty pageant, first held in Balatonfüred in 1825. The contest is still being held there on Anna's Day (Anna napja) on 26 July. A beauty pageant

3050-572: The swimsuit competition after 97 years. In 2017, Carousel Productions was criticized for objectifying women during the Miss Earth 2017 competition where delegates wore swimsuits during the event with their faces concealed by a veil in the Beauty of Figure and Form, a segment first introduced in the Miss Philippines Earth 2017 pageant. It was one of the three preliminary judging segments of

3111-785: The title awarded at the time was known as "Miss Universe". The event was discontinued in the United States in 1932 because of the Depression (the international competition was revived briefly in Belgium). The popularity of the Miss America pageant prompted other organizations to establish similar contests in the 1950s and beyond. Some were significant while others were trivial, such as the National Donut Queen contest. The Miss World contest started in 1951, Miss Universe started in 1952, as did Miss USA . Miss International started in 1960. Miss Asia Pacific International , which started in 1968,

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3172-669: The uniformity of Western formal dress codes, conversely, since most cultures have at least intuitively applied some equivalent level of formality, the versatile framework of Western formal dress codes open to amalgamation of international and local customs have influenced its competitiveness as international standard. From these social conventions derive in turn also the variants worn on related occasions of varying solemnity, such as formal political , diplomatic , and academic events, in addition to certain parties including award ceremonies, balls, fraternal orders , high school proms , etc. Clothing norms and fashions fluctuated regionally in

3233-426: The winners of local newspaper beauty contests in the "Inter-City Beauty" Contest, attended by over one hundred thousand people. Sixteen-year-old Margaret Gorman of Washington, D.C., was crowned Miss America 1921, having won both the popularity and beauty contests, and was awarded $ 100. In May 1920, promoter C.E. Barfield of Galveston, Texas organized a new event known as "Splash Day" on the island. The event featured

3294-412: The women wear long gloves past the elbow. Formal wear being the most formal dress code, it is followed by semi-formal wear , equivalently based around daytime black lounge suit , and evening black tie ( dinner suit/tuxedo ), and evening gown for women. The male lounge suit and female cocktail dress in turn only comes after this level, traditionally associated with informal attire . Notably, if

3355-468: The words of activist Leslie Hall, "challenge the notion of beauty" and "reject the charity ethic." High profile demonstrations led to some charities abandoning their use of such contests for fundraising and also saw some remove offensive language from their organisational titles. Another criticism is in the way beauty pageant is quantifiably scored as highlighted by the "Myth of the Perfect 10". Beauty becomes

3416-561: Was a controversial aspect of the various competitions. The controversy was heightened with the increasing popularity of the bikini after its introduction in 1946. The bikini was banned for the Miss America contest in 1947 because of Roman Catholic protesters. When the Miss World contest started in 1951, there was an outcry when the winner was crowned in a bikini. Pope Pius XII condemned the crowning as sinful, and countries with religious traditions threatened to withdraw delegates. The bikini

3477-418: Was banned for future and other contests. It was not until the late 1990s that they became permitted again, but still generated controversy when finals were held in countries where bikinis (or swimsuits in general) were socially disapproved. For example, in 2003, Vida Samadzai from Afghanistan caused an uproar in her native country when she participated in the Miss Earth 2003 contest in a red bikini. She

3538-568: Was condemned by the Afghan Supreme Court , saying such a display of the female body goes against Islamic law and Afghan culture . In 2013, the swimsuit round of the Miss World contest was dropped because of Islamist protests in Bali ( Indonesia ), where the contest took place. In 2014, the Miss World contest eliminated the swimsuit competition from its pageant. In 2018, Miss America eliminated

3599-592: Was generally restricted to the British , British Empire and United States armed forces ; although the French, Imperial German , Swedish and other navies had adopted their own versions of mess dress during the late nineteenth century, influenced by the Royal Navy . In the U.S. Army, evening mess uniform , in either blue or white, is considered the appropriate military uniform for white-tie occasions. The blue mess and white mess uniforms are black tie equivalents, although

3660-537: Was held during the Eglinton Tournament of 1839, organized by Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton , as part of a re-enactment of a medieval joust that was held in Scotland. The pageant was won by Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset , the wife of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset , and sister of Caroline Norton , and she was proclaimed as the "Queen of Beauty". Beauty contests became more popular in

3721-481: Was the first titleholder of the pageant from Japan to be dethroned shortly before the end of her reign. She was ordered by the International Culture Association (Miss International organizer) to skip the succession ceremony and "play sick and shut up" out of fear of scandal. The Miss International organizer cited the reason for her dethronement was due to her involvement in a contract dispute with

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