Initao , officially the Municipality of Initao ( Cebuano : Lungsod sa Initao ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Initao ), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,902 people.
68-529: It is seated about 39 kilometres (24 mi) west of the provincial capital of Cagayan de Oro , 29 kilometres (18 mi) east of Iligan City, and about 767 kilometres (477 mi) south-south-east of Philippine capital, Manila . The nearest primary road network is the Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road . The nearest airport is Laguindingan International Airport located 39 minutes away towards Cagayan de Oro. HazardHunterPh app assessment on seismic hazard marks
136-522: A Cagayan de Oro ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Cagayan de Oro ), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Northern Mindanao , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 728,402 people, making it the 10th most populous city in the Philippines and the most populous in Northern Mindanao. It serves as the capital of the province of Misamis Oriental wherein it
204-585: A contract with the Archaeological Studies Program (ASP) of the University of the Philippines to do salvage archaeology in Huluga and vicinities. The program did not make cooperative linkages with existing archeological programs from Xavier University. The ASP declared that the site was an ancient camp, not a settlement, due to their findings in the destroyed archaeological site. The report did not consider
272-587: A decree declaring Cagayan the permanent capital of Segundo Distrito de Misamis . During this era, the name of the town was known as Cagayan de Misamis . In 1883, the town became a seat of the Spanish government in Mindanao for the provinces of Misamis Oriental , Misamis Occidental , Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte . The Spanish authorities surrendered to Misamis governor Jose Roa and municipal mayor Toribio Chavez, both appointees of President Emilio Aguinaldo . With
340-536: A report of British explorer Thomas Forrest , was considered as among the Mindanao 's seven rivers abundant with gold; with a sitio , known for its gold mines, frequently raided by Moros during the Spanish occupation . Through Act No. 951 , issued by the Philippine Commission on October 21, 1903, which reduced the number of municipalities in Misamis from 24 to 10, the territories of Barrio Gusa, along with
408-520: Is also famous for its white water rafting or kayaking adventures, one of the tourism activities being promoted along the Cagayan de Oro River . The name Cagayan de Oro (lit. River of Gold) can be traced back to the arrival of the Spanish Augustinian Recollect friars in 1622, the area around Himologan (now Huluga), was already known as "Cagayán". Early Spanish written documents in
476-587: Is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority , but governed administratively independent from the provincial government and also the largest city of that province. It also serves as the regional center and business hub of Northern Mindanao, and part of the growing Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro area, which includes the city of El Salvador , the towns of Opol , Alubijid , Laguindingan , Gitagum , Lugait , Naawan , Initao , Libertad and Manticao at
544-520: Is said that the early community in Initao was ruled by three (3) brothers named Datu Hukom, Datu Tamparong, and Datu Pulagoyan, who had to protect early settlers in Initao against Moro invasions in the sixteenth century. Because of the frequent threat by the Moro pirates, the people of Initao became war-like. They were considered to be hot-blooded or hot-tempered, fearless fighters. Hence, the word Initao comes from
612-424: Is said that the early community in Initao was ruled by three (3) brothers named Datu Hukom, Datu Tamparong, and Datu Pulagoyan, who had to protect early settlers in Initao against Moro invasions in the sixteenth century. Because of the frequent threat by the Moro pirates, the people of Initao became war-like. They were considered to be hot-blooded or hot-tempered, fearless fighters. Hence, the word Initao comes from
680-613: Is shared by other places in the Philippines; these include the province of Cagayan in Cagayan Valley , northern Luzon –in which is said to have similar reference with Cagayan de Oro as they refer to their respective rivers with the same name (one being the longest in the Philippines ), the Cagayan Islands in the northern Sulu Sea, and the former Cagayan de Sulu, currently named Mapun , an island in Tawi-Tawi . The Cagayan de Oro area
748-483: Is still not protected and continues to be quarried, despite protests by local historians and archeologists. The Himologan settlement was still occupied by the time the Europeans made contact. In 1622, two Spanish Augustinian Recollect missionaries reached the settlement and described it as being inhabited by a mixed stock descended from highlander Bukidnon Lumad and sea-faring Visayans ("Dumagat"). They described
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#1733093281475816-481: Is the only electric provider of the municipality. Butuan-Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Road passes through the town. Provincial, Municipal, and Barangay roads makes the interior barangay accessible. The state of these roads ranges from concreted to nerve-wracking dirt roads. Cagayan de Oro Cagayan de Oro ( CDO ), officially the City of Cagayan de Oro ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Cagayan de Oro ; Maranao : Bandar
884-642: The Fiesta Nacional of January 10–11, 1899, their independence was celebrated as the Philippine flag was raised for the second time in Mindanao . At that time, the town joined the Aguinaldo government in the second time it was declared. Spain's cession of the Philippines to the United States through a peace treaty in 1898 mainly caused opposition from residents of then Cagayan de Misamis. Their involvement in
952-629: The People Power Revolution through rallies in the streets of the city. When the revolution succeeded and ousted Marcos from power in Manila, the city was among those who supported the installation of Corazon Aquino as president. On 4 October 1990, the city was seized by a rebel army led by dissident RAM officer Alexander Noble and civilian supporters of the Mindanao Independence Movement led by Reuben Canoy , who marched across
1020-543: The Philippine–American War was prompted by the presence of the Americans, who had invaded the municipality on March 31, 1900, and whom they fought against thrice since then. Resistance fighters lost in the early battles. On April 7, Gen. Nicolas Capistrano led an attack in the town center , on the garrison of the U.S. 40th Infantry Regiment under Col. Edward Godwin, but were repulsed with heavy losses. On May 14,
1088-581: The 16th century already referred to the place as "Cagayán". Variations of this word— karayan , kayan , kahayan , kayayan , kagayan and kalayan —all also mean river. The region of Northern Mindanao , which included Cagayan de Oro, was granted as encomienda to a certain Don Juan Griego on January 25, 1571. It was then former Vice President of the Philippines Emmanuel Peláez who appended " de Oro" to Cagayan . The name " Cagayan "
1156-531: The 2020 census, it has a population of 33,902 people. It is seated about 39 kilometres (24 mi) west of the provincial capital of Cagayan de Oro , 29 kilometres (18 mi) east of Iligan City, and about 767 kilometres (477 mi) south-south-east of Philippine capital, Manila . The nearest primary road network is the Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road . The nearest airport is Laguindingan International Airport located 39 minutes away towards Cagayan de Oro. HazardHunterPh app assessment on seismic hazard marks
1224-407: The 2020 census, the population of Initao, Misamis Oriental, was 33,902 people, with a density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre or 780 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Initao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority PLDT Home Fibr, Globe, TM, Smart and Sun are serviceable in this town. DITO Telecommunity lines have also been constructed to cater customers in
1292-480: The 2020 census, the population of Initao, Misamis Oriental, was 33,902 people, with a density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre or 780 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Initao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority PLDT Home Fibr, Globe, TM, Smart and Sun are serviceable in this town. DITO Telecommunity lines have also been constructed to cater customers in the event of its activation. Misamis Oriental Electric Cooperative (Moresco 1)
1360-511: The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and at least 20,000 people were staying in 10 evacuation centers in Cagayan de Oro. Officials were also investigating reports that an entire village was swept away. The confirmed death toll from the disaster is 1,268. In January 2017, Cagayan de Oro, along with other parts of Visayas and Mindanao, was impacted by a combination of a low-pressure area and
1428-560: The BJMP, DENR, DepEd etc. According to the Bureau of Local Government Finance, the annual regular revenue of Initao for the fiscal year of 2022 was ₱225,963,427.43 and for the first quarter of the fiscal year 2024, Initao has total fund/cash available amounting to ₱200,255,983.98 with ₱11,494,867.01 total payments of prior year/s accounts payable and ₱5,823,799.61 total continuing appropriation which results to ₱182,937,317.36 total fund/cash balance based on
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#17330932814751496-464: The BJMP, DENR, DepEd etc. According to the Bureau of Local Government Finance, the annual regular revenue of Initao for the fiscal year of 2022 was ₱225,963,427.43 and for the first quarter of the fiscal year 2024, Initao has total fund/cash available amounting to ₱200,255,983.98 with ₱11,494,867.01 total payments of prior year/s accounts payable and ₱5,823,799.61 total continuing appropriation which results to ₱182,937,317.36 total fund/cash balance based on
1564-561: The Cagayan River, to the present-day Gaston Park. De San Pedro later fortified the new settlement against Sultan Kudarat's raiders. In 1738, Spanish dominance was felt in Cagayan de Oro. When Misamis gained the status of province in 1818, one of its four districts was the Partidos de Cagayan. In 1871, the "Partidos" became a town and was made a permanent capital of Misamis. On February 27, 1872, Governor-General Carlos María de La Torre issued
1632-474: The Marcos regime. By the time martial law ended, more than a thousand people from the city had been tortured, raped, electrocuted, or salvaged. This included public school teacher Nicanor Gonzales Jr., who was detained for seven months and heavily tortured, leaving an abnormal growth on his skull. He was eventually honored in 2015 by having his name inscribed at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani , which honors
1700-463: The Open Site and caves separate accession numbers. In 1999, however, mayor Vicente Y. Emano conceived the plan to bulldoze Huluga to give way to a road-and-bridge project. The project was stopped in 2001, but was eventually continued in 2002. The construction destroyed at least 60% of the archaeological site's open area, where the majority of artifacts can be found. Protests against the heritage destruction
1768-743: The Patron Saint Francis Xavier which is held every December 2 and 3 although the celebration stretches for a week. Various festivals promoting tourism are also being spearheaded by the LGU and the Provincial Government of Misamis Oriental. Based on the research report submitted by L.M. Neri, A.M.M. Ragrario, E.C.R. Robles, and A.J. Carlos, the original settlers of Initao were the Bukidnons . They were described as warlike and aggressive and ready to sacrifice their lives in defending their territory. It
1836-512: The Patron Saint Francis Xavier which is held every December 2 and 3 although the celebration stretches for a week. Various festivals promoting tourism are also being spearheaded by the LGU and the Provincial Government of Misamis Oriental. Based on the research report submitted by L.M. Neri, A.M.M. Ragrario, E.C.R. Robles, and A.J. Carlos, the original settlers of Initao were the Bukidnons . They were described as warlike and aggressive and ready to sacrifice their lives in defending their territory. It
1904-723: The Philippines. In July 2024, the City Local Environment Office announced the discovery of a hidden and untouched cave in Dansolihon village . Described as time capsule , the second cave discovered in the city, like the Macahambus Cave , features water dripping , speleothem , stalactites , stalagmites and houses a bat colony . On the evening of December 16–17, 2011, Tropical Storm Sendong (international name Washi ) caused widespread flash flooding in Northern Mindanao. In Cagayan de Oro, hundreds living near
1972-560: The Statement of Receipts and Expenditures (SRE) by LGU for the fiscal year of 2024 Q1. Tourism sites include the Initao-Libertad Protected Landscape and Seascape which locals simply call "lasang" or forest in the local dialect, various beaches dotting its shorelines and recent additions of agritourism sites developed by locals. Significant town celebrations include the town fiesta celebrated by Roman Catholics in honor of
2040-430: The Statement of Receipts and Expenditures (SRE) by LGU for the fiscal year of 2024 Q1. Tourism sites include the Initao-Libertad Protected Landscape and Seascape which locals simply call "lasang" or forest in the local dialect, various beaches dotting its shorelines and recent additions of agritourism sites developed by locals. Significant town celebrations include the town fiesta celebrated by Roman Catholics in honor of
2108-667: The area. This caused the HCA to file a case against Emano and the contractor, UKC Builders, before the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). However, the construction continued and was inaugurated in September 2003 by Emano. A day later, president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo made a speech in UNESCO about her administration's gains in cultural conservation. In January 2004, the city council enacted an ordinance that authorized Emano to sign
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2176-504: The banks of the Cagayan de Oro River were killed, with hundreds still missing. Officials said that despite government warning, some people did not evacuate. Five people were killed in a landslide, while others died in the flash floods which occurred overnight, following 10 hours of rain , compounded by overflowing rivers and tributaries. Most of the victims had been sleeping. In some areas, up to 20 centimeters of rain fell in 24 hours. More than 2,000 were rescued, according to
2244-545: The cave is the Huluga Open Site, believed to be the site of the primary pre-colonial settlement in the region identified as "Himologan" by the first Spanish missionaries. The site is located about eight kilometers from present-day Cagayan de Oro. The discovery of a grave site in 2009 uncovered remains of Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) celadon ware and Sukhothai period (1238–1347 AD) Sangkhalok ceramic ware , in addition to body ornaments and stone tools. It indicates that
2312-531: The city and took over the regional military garrison at Camp Edilberto Evangelista as part of an attempted coup against President Corazon Aquino. However, Noble's forces failed to gain further support and were isolated by government forces, culminating in Noble's surrender and Canoy's arrest on 6 October. In 1992, the National Museum of the Philippines recognized the archaeological value of Huluga when it gave
2380-576: The city for any length of time due to the constant pressure and attacks from the Philippine resistant movement. Combined American and Free Philippine forces landed in Cagayan de Oro on May 10, 1945, three years and 7 days after the Japanese occupation. During this period the Japanese committed many atrocities against the local population of Cagayan de Oro, as they did throughout the Philippines. Colonel Fumio Suzuki and two hundred of his men escaped capture during
2448-432: The city, where enslaved local girls and teenagers were forced by Japanese soldiers into sexual slavery, which included routine gang-rapes and murders. The Japanese army implemented a scorch-earth policy. Filipino and American guerrilla forces fought back during this occupation and American planes bombed both the university and San Agustin church on October 10, 1944. The Japanese were never able to successfully move outside
2516-473: The evacuation of residents during the war, and the town's short distance from Cagayan, Gusa was reverted to a barrio , being part of Agusan. Agusan became one of the ten barrios of Cagayan in 1844. It was the starting point for those traveling to Bukidnon until the late 1920s. On May 14, 1900, the 1st Company of the Mindanao Battalion perished in a battle against the Americans on the hills near
2584-624: The findings of Xavier University. The issue later climbed into the Philippine Senate, where Loren Legarda issued a resolution for investigation of the matter, but the investigation was never approved by the other members of the Senate. The artifacts found in the Huluga Caves and its destroyed open site from 1992 to 2003 are housed in Xavier University, Capitol University, and the University of
2652-506: The floodwaters. A basement parking area of a mall at the corner of Corrales St. was covered with water, while another one near Bitan-ag Creek was flooded as well, even though the area was elevated. Initao, Misamis Oriental Initao , officially the Municipality of Initao ( Cebuano : Lungsod sa Initao ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Initao ), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental , Philippines . According to
2720-565: The increase of immigrants later resulted in all of the natives leaving the area. At the time of the American occupation , during the Philippine–American War , in 1901, Gen. Nicolas Capistrano chose to meet there twice with the American military officials for a peace conference, held in Julian Gevero's residence, eventually ending the year-long war. However, due to decrease of population following
2788-503: The inventory of livestock, fruits, exotic and cereal plants in the Provincia de Misamis (Ereccion de Pueblos, Misamis 1808–1839). In May 1858, Ynitao was headed by Gobernadorcillo Francisco Antonio and succeeded by Gobernadorcillo Abariano Caburratan in 1894. In 1838, Initao was a Spanish pueblo composed of 3 cabecerias (Ereccion de Pueblos, Misamis 1808–1839). On October 27, 1877, Ynitao had 7 cabecerias which became 8 on June 30, 1882. It
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2856-451: The inventory of livestock, fruits, exotic and cereal plants in the Provincia de Misamis (Ereccion de Pueblos, Misamis 1808–1839). In May 1858, Ynitao was headed by Gobernadorcillo Francisco Antonio and succeeded by Gobernadorcillo Abariano Caburratan in 1894. In 1838, Initao was a Spanish pueblo composed of 3 cabecerias (Ereccion de Pueblos, Misamis 1808–1839). On October 27, 1877, Ynitao had 7 cabecerias which became 8 on June 30, 1882. It
2924-457: The liberation of the city and withdrew into the mountainous jungle. They were caught two years later; only 38 survived, by cannibalizing the Higaonon tribal people. At least 70 people were eaten. A Cagayanon, the physician Antonio Julian Montalvan , was a member of an espionage team working for the return of Gen. Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines. Later, he became part of a Manila spy network. He
2992-459: The martyrs and heroes who resisted the authoritarian regime. Cagayan de Oro did not take these human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship lightly, and the city came to have a reputation as one of the centers of political opposition in the Philippines. Cagayan de Oro was declared a highly urbanized city by the Ministry of Local Government on November 22, 1983. In 1986, the city participated in
3060-529: The men of the settlement as being tattooed like other Visayans and the women as being ornamented with intricate jewelry, some of which were golden. They also identified them as animists , practicing traditional anitism , though they paid tribute to Muhammad Kudarat , the sultan of the Islamized Sultanate of Maguindanao to the south. In 1626, Fray Agustín de San Pedro persuaded the chief of Himologan, Datu Salangsang, to transfer his settlement down
3128-502: The overwhelming and the better supplied Japanese, the allied forces retreated to more defensible positions outside the city. The Japanese burned most of the city and took up residence at the Ateneo de Cagayan University , now Xavier University Grade School and used the ferry crossing near San Agustin Church. In addition, the Japanese also established at least three (likely more) "comfort stations" in
3196-515: The positions of the 1st Company of El Mindanao Battalon in Agusan Hill was attacked by a military unit under Col. Walter Elliot, with 38 members including their commander, Capt. Vicente Roa, killed. On June 4, the said battalion, under Col. Apolinar Velez and Lt. Cruz Taal, repulsed the U.S. 35th Regiment during the Battle of Makahambus Hill ; marking the Americans' first defeat in the war. After
3264-416: The region was part of the ancient maritime trading network of Southeast Asia . Skulls recovered from the sites show that native Kagay-anons practiced artificial cranial deformation since childhood as a mark of social status, similar to skulls from archeological sites in neighboring Butuan . The Huluga Open Site was extensively damaged in 2001 to give way to a bridge project by the local administration. It
3332-559: The river. On May 10, 1945, the beaches of Agusan and Bugo were the landing sites of the soldiers of the United States Army 's 40th Division , which joined with that of the 31st Division in Bukidnon where they finally defeated the Japanese in a battle. Iponan (spelled "Yponan" in Spanish colonial records), originally called Kalumpang , was the place where there were streams meeting at one point to form Iponan River which, according to
3400-472: The status of a chartered city to the Municipality of Cagayan de Misamis. This was made possible through the efforts of then Cagayan de Oro Congressman Emmanuel Pelaez . Suniel was the last municipal mayor of Cagayan de Misamis and the first city mayor of Cagayan de Oro. During the martial law era, Cagayan de Oro was not spared from military bombings and the usage of brutal mechanisms against dissenters of
3468-542: The tail-end of a cold front . The heavy rain inundated many streets, stranding many commuters. At the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP) , about 900–1,000 students were trapped as most of their campus was flooded. The students were forced to climb to the upper floors of the school's buildings and wait until rescue arrived. The city's shopping malls on Claro M. Recto Avenue were also severely affected, with Limketkai Center completely inundated by
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#17330932814753536-447: The then-undivided Misamis , reduced its territory following the establishment of Moro Province in 1903 through Act No. 787 . In 1957, the barrio of Naawan, then part of Initao, was constituted into the town of Naawan . Moreover, the municipalities of Manticao and Lugait were once part of Initao until 1948. Initao is politically subdivided into 16 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . In
3604-445: The then-undivided Misamis , reduced its territory following the establishment of Moro Province in 1903 through Act No. 787 . In 1957, the barrio of Naawan, then part of Initao, was constituted into the town of Naawan . Moreover, the municipalities of Manticao and Lugait were once part of Initao until 1948. Initao is politically subdivided into 16 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . In
3672-574: The town of El Salvador. In 1949, a delegation headed by Cagayan de Misamis mayor Maximo Y. Suniel travelled to Manila to persuade the Philippine Congress to enact a legislative act supporting the creation of the City of Cagayan. In 1950, the barrios of Opol, Igpit, and Lower Iponan (now Barangay Barra) were separated from Cagayan de Oro to form the town of Opol . On June 15, 1950, President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521, which granted
3740-632: The town safe from ground rupture, prone to ground shaking and generally susceptible to liquefaction. Volcanic Hazard assessment mainly identifies it as having no immediate volcanic hazard threat base on its location to the nearest active volcano. However, it has high susceptibility to flooding at 1 to 2 meters flood height and lasting for more than 3 days. Economic activity in the area is mainly dependent on fishing, agriculture, retail, tourism and government services such as The Misamis Oriental Provincial Hospital-Initao, Regional Trial Court Branch 44, Initao-Libertad 8th Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Initao College,
3808-632: The town safe from ground rupture, prone to ground shaking and generally susceptible to liquefaction. Volcanic Hazard assessment mainly identifies it as having no immediate volcanic hazard threat base on its location to the nearest active volcano. However, it has high susceptibility to flooding at 1 to 2 meters flood height and lasting for more than 3 days. Economic activity in the area is mainly dependent on fishing, agriculture, retail, tourism and government services such as The Misamis Oriental Provincial Hospital-Initao, Regional Trial Court Branch 44, Initao-Libertad 8th Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Initao College,
3876-448: The towns of Iponan, Opol, Salvador, and Alubijid, joined with Cagayan; while the rest of Agusan joined with Tagoloan . Agusan, later a barrio , along with Bogo and Alae, were transferred from Tagoloan to the newly-converted Cagayan de Oro City in 1950. In 1948, the barrios of El Salvador and Molugan with their sitios known as Sala, Sambulawan, Sinaloc, Lagtang, Talaba, Kalabaylabay and Hinigdaan were separated from Cagayan de Oro to form
3944-562: The troubled years, peace finally brought back the economic activities to normality under the guidance of the United States. Consequently, from a purely farming-fishing area, Cagayan de Oro emerged into a booming commerce and trade center, attracting migrants from Luzon and Visayas to settle in the area. Americans gave the Philippines its independence on July 4, 1946. On May 3, 1942, American and Philippine forces fought heroically against invading Japanese forces from Panay. Unable to resist
4012-403: The western side, and the towns of Tagoloan , Villanueva , Jasaan , Claveria and Balingasag at the eastern side. Cagayan de Oro is located along the north central coast of Mindanao island facing Macajalar Bay and is bordered by the municipalities of Opol to the west, Tagoloan to the east, and the provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte to the south of the city. Cagayan de Oro
4080-522: The word init which means “hot” and tao which means “people.” They were people perpetually prepared to fight their enemy to defend their territory and community. Legend also has it that the Moro raiders were defeated, the people planted bamboo along the Initao River as a symbol of peace and truce among them. The word Initao, originally spelled by the Spaniards as Ynitao, was mentioned on August 6, 1838, in
4148-415: The word init which means “hot” and tao which means “people.” They were people perpetually prepared to fight their enemy to defend their territory and community. Legend also has it that the Moro raiders were defeated, the people planted bamboo along the Initao River as a symbol of peace and truce among them. The word Initao, originally spelled by the Spaniards as Ynitao, was mentioned on August 6, 1838, in
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#17330932814754216-526: Was captured, tortured and decapitated by the Japanese. Iponan, Gusa and Agusan, the city's oldest barangays , were once municipalities during the colonial period. Iponan and Agusan, along with Bayug, Gompot (Balingasag), and Tagoloan, were among the visitas established by the Recollect missionaries in Cagaiang (city's former name) in 1674. The two were under Partido de Cagayan as the then-undivided Misamis
4284-523: Was continuously inhabited by Late Neolithic to Iron Age Austronesian cultures. The oldest human remains discovered was from the Huluga Caves , once used as a burial place by the natives. A skullcap sent to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1977 was dated to be from between 350 and 377 AD. The caves have yielded numerous artifacts, but most areas have been badly damaged by guano collectors and amateur treasure hunters . Associated with
4352-429: Was decreased to 1 cabeceria , known as Apas, on June 30, 1883, until 1884 with a total population of 1,514. On June 30, 1887, Ynitao again increased its number of cabeceria to 19 and decreased to 12 on October 3, 1892. In 1896–1902, Ynitao was in the province of Lanao. In 1903, Initao once again became a pueblo. The municipality is one of the oldest in the western part of Misamis Oriental. Initao, which became part of
4420-429: Was decreased to 1 cabeceria , known as Apas, on June 30, 1883, until 1884 with a total population of 1,514. On June 30, 1887, Ynitao again increased its number of cabeceria to 19 and decreased to 12 on October 3, 1892. In 1896–1902, Ynitao was in the province of Lanao. In 1903, Initao once again became a pueblo. The municipality is one of the oldest in the western part of Misamis Oriental. Initao, which became part of
4488-608: Was made by cultural experts, but nothing happened with their plea. In 2003, the Heritage Conservation Advocates (HCA) went to the open area of Huluga for a scientific surface investigation and managed to find earthenware, Chinese pottery sherds, obsidian flakes, animal bones, an ancient Spanish coin, and a whale harpoon similar to those being used in Lomblen Island, Indonesia. The newly discovered artifacts proved that there are still many artifacts that can be found in
4556-420: Was partitioned into four partidos in 1818. Iponan was made into a separate parish in 1833. The three became visitas of then Cagayan de Misamis, which became the new provincial capital in 1871. Gusa was established as a barrio in 1771, and shortly, became a municipality. Original settlers were Bukidnons , as well as few Manobos and Moros , who came from barrio Lapasan and town of Cagayan; but
4624-480: Was the source of controversy when a team from the University of the Philippines -Archaeological Studies Program dismissed the archeological importance of the site by declaring it as a "camp-like area" and not a settlement and thus not worthy of heritage protection under the laws. It was alleged by local conservationists that the UP-ASP team were influenced by the local government so the bridge project could continue. The site
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