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83-458: The delegation of Albania submitted a memorandum to the London Conference of 1913 requesting international recognition of independent Albania. At the beginning of the conference it was decided that the region of Albania would be under Ottoman suzerainty but with an autonomous government. The requests by the delegation for recognition based on the ethnic rights of Albanians were rejected and

166-522: A state level after it was proclaimed independent and the first diplomatic efforts of its government were requests for the international recognition of the Albanian state. In December 1912, a delegation of Albania submitted a memorandum to the London Conference of 1913 insisting on the ethnic rights of Albanians and requested an international recognition of the independent Albania composed of Kosovo , western Macedonia including Skopje and Bitola and

249-442: A city assembly composed of 47 councillors, a mayor and vice-mayor. After the last legislative election held in 2020, the local assembly is composed of the following groups: Lying on crossroads between numerous old and new states, Novi Pazar has always been a strong trade center. Along with the trade, the city developed manufacturing tradition. During the 20th century, it became a center of textile industry. Paradoxically, during

332-598: A display of independence of Kemal's government, the Great Powers were angered and the International Commission of Control forced Kemal to step aside and leave Albania. In 1914, after a gradual assumption of the administration of the country, the International Commission of Control prepared a draft of the constitution ( Albanian : Statuti Organik ) with 216 articles. It was a basis for establishment of

415-729: A large meeting on 7 October 1913 in Boston . They decided that Albanians should "unite fully with the Ottoman government against the enemies of the Empire" because "if Turkey is defeated, the Balkan states would shred Albania." That decision was risky, because if the Ottomans were defeated, Albanian participation in the Balkan war on the Ottoman side would serve as justification for the Balkan allies to partition Albania as an Ottoman province. Albanians who were mobilized in

498-542: A new county because all secluded army garrisons with small number of soldiers were destroyed in a couple of days. Although some tribal chieftains proposed to organize an armed resistance against troops of Serbia in the occupied parts of Albania, the provisional government of the Independent Albania decided to avoid unnecessary casualties and concluded agreement ( besa ) to maintain harmony in occupied territory. The international relations of Albania began to function on

581-517: A new town on the area of Trgovište as an urban center between Raška and Jošanica, where at first he built a mosque, a public bath, a marketplace, a hostel, and a compound. The town was the capital of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar during Ottoman rule. From 1878 to 1908, it was controlled by Austria-Hungary , and from 1908 to 1913, it was again part of the Ottoman empire under the Kosovo vilayet . It became part of

664-643: A part of the Scutari Vilayet (including Elbasan , Përmet and Leskovik ), Konitsa in Janina Vilayet and Debar in Monastir Vilayet . The Ottoman government ended the Albanian revolt on 4 September 1912 by accepting all demands related to establishing an unified autonomous system of administration and justice for Albanians within one vilayet—the Albanian vilayet . The success of the Albanian revolt sent

747-581: A significant part of territory claimed by Albania between the Balkan allies (a major part of the northern and western area was given to the Serbia and Montenegro while the southern region of Chameria became part of Greece ). Kosovo was given to Serbia at the London treaty at the insistence of Russia . During the First Balkan War the kingdoms of Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro aspired to incorporate

830-592: A strong signal to the neighbouring countries that the Ottoman Empire was weak. Besides, the Kingdom of Serbia opposed the plan for an Albanian vilayet , preferring a partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among the four Balkan allies . In the meantime it was agreed that the conquered territory was to have the status of a condominium . Albanian leaders, including Faik Konitza and Fan Noli , organized

913-510: A threat to their domination of the Adriatic and feared that a Serbian Adriatic port could become a Russian base. Ismail Kemal , who had been an Albanian deputy in the Ottoman parliament, secured the support of Austria-Hungary for the autonomy of Albania within the Ottoman Empire, but not for its independence. Ismail Kemal invited the representatives of all parts of Albanian Vilayet to attend

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996-621: Is still known as Yeni Pazar in modern-day Turkey. Novi Pazar is located in the valleys of the Jošanica, Raška , Deževska, and Ljudska rivers. It lies at an elevation of 496m, in the southeast Raška region. The city is surrounded by the Golija and Rogozna mountains, and the Pešter plateau lies to the west. The total area of the city administrative area is 742 km . It contains 100 settlements , mostly small and spread over hills and mountains surrounding

1079-587: The All-Albanian Congress held in Vlorë on November 28, 1912. At the beginning of the session, Kemal referred to the threatened Albanian rights gained during the Albanian revolts in the previous four years, and explained to the participants of the congress that they should do whatever was necessary to save Albania. After his speech they began by checking the documents because it was decided that each kaza of Albanian Vilayet would be counted as one vote, regardless of

1162-627: The Balkan Wars was their only political result. A plot by the Young Turk government and led by Bekir Fikri to restore Ottoman control over Albania through the installment of an Ottoman-Albanian officer Ahmed Izzet Pasha as monarch was uncovered by the Serbs and reported to the ICC. Ismail Kemal supported the plot for military assistance against Serbia and Greece . The ICC allowed their Dutch officers serving as

1245-410: The Balkan Wars . After the London treaty has been signed the ambassadors of six Great Powers decided to constitute a new state, Albania , as hereditary principality. Point 1. Albania is constituted as an autonomous, sovereign and hereditary principality by right of primogeniture, guaranteed by the six Powers. The sovereign will be designated by the six Powers. The Great Powers refused to recognize

1328-488: The Kingdom of Serbia during the First Balkan War in 1912, and then in 1918 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . The area has traditionally had a large number of Albanians and Muslim Slavs with a different culture from the Orthodox Serbs. In May 1901, Albanians pillaged and partially burned the cities of Novi Pazar, Sjenica and Pristina, and massacred Serbs in the area of Ibar Kolašin. A contemporary report stated that when

1411-689: The London Peace Conference or the Conference of the Ambassadors , was an international summit of the six Great Powers of that time ( Austria-Hungary , France , Great Britain , Germany , Italy , and Russia ) convened in December 1912 due to the successes of the Balkan League armies against the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War . In particular, the conference intended to arbitrate between

1494-599: The National Assembly with power of legislation in Albania, which was designed as a hereditary constitutional monarchy. According to the constitution, the new principality would have, with few exceptions, the same administrative organization as during the Ottoman Empire suzerainty. It would be partitioned on seven administrative districts, each of which would choose three representatives for the national assembly by direct suffrage. The prince would nominate ten representatives and

1577-530: The Ottoman Empire , but was reconquered by the Serbian Despotate in 1444. In the summer of 1455, the Ottomans conquered the region again, and named the settlement of Trgovište Eski Bazar (Old Market). Novi Pazar was formally founded as a city in its own right in 1461 by Ottoman general Isa-Beg Ishaković , the Bosnian governor of the district ( sanjak ) who also founded Sarajevo . Ishaković decided to establish

1660-619: The Provisional Government of Albania and, instead, organized the International Commission of Control (ICC) to take care of the administration of the newly established principality until the arrival of the new monarch. The first law enforcement agency of the new principality was the International Gendarmerie . The treaty of Bucharest, signed on 10 August 1913, established internationally recognized Albania as an independent state. The creation of Albanian state in 1913 after

1743-525: The Senate ( Albanian : Pleqësi ) with advisory role to the government, consisted of 18 members of Assembly. Ismail Kemal was appointed as the first prime minister of independent Albania. On the same session held on 4 December 1912 the assembly appointed the other members of the government: A week after the independent Albania was proclaimed, its first Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs was established with Lef Nosi as its minister. Independent Albania took over

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1826-619: The St James's Palace under the chairmanship of Sir Edward Grey . Further sessions of the conference began on 16 December 1912, but ended on 23 January 1913, when the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte) took place. Coup leader Enver Pasha withdrew the Ottoman Empire from the Conference. On 30 May 1913, without the Ottoman Empire being present, the conference signed

1909-540: The Treaty of Bucharest being signed in August 1913, this new independent state was established, leaving about 40% of the ethnic Albanian population outside its borders. The name of the state used in the text of declaration of independence of Albania is Shqipëria (English: Albania ). It is also referred to as the "independent Albania" ( Albanian : Shqipëria e Mosvarme ), the "Albanian State" ( Albanian : Shteti Shqiptar ) or

1992-514: The Treaty of London (1913) , an agreement under which Ottoman Empire would give up all territory west of the Enos-Midia line. After much discussion, the Ambassadors reached a formal decision on 29 July 1913, to establish the Principality of Albania as a sovereign state independent of the Ottoman Empire. As a result of the decisions taken and because of pressures from Greece and Serbia , half of

2075-705: The Young Turks provoked the Albanian Revolt of 1912 which lasted from January to August 1912. In January 1912, Hasan Prishtina , Albanian deputy in the Ottoman parliament , publicly warned members of the parliament that the policy of the Young Turks' government would lead to a revolution in Albania. The Albanian revolt was successful and until August 1912 rebels managed to gain control over whole Kosovo vilayet (including Novi Pazar , Sjenica , Pristina and even Skopje ),

2158-413: The treaty signed on 30 May 1913 partitioned a major part of the claimed lands between Serbia , Greece and Montenegro , leaving as independent territory only a central region, which was put under the protection of the Great Powers. The ambassadors of six Great Powers met again on 29 July 1913 and decided to constitute a new state, the Principality of Albania , as a constitutional monarchy. Finally, with

2241-607: The "independent state of Albania" ( Albanian : Shteti i pavarur shqiptar ). The independent Albania established on 28 November 1912 is the first Albanian state in modern history. It was a parliamentary state . Some sources refer to it as the Republic of Albania or the Albanian Republic . Albania became an independent state through four constitutional decisions of the Assembly of Vlorë made on 28 November 1912: The authority of

2324-494: The 14th century under the old Serbian fortress of Stari Ras , an important market-place named Trgovište started to develop. By the middle of the 15th century, in the time of the final Ottoman Empire conquest of Old Serbia , another market-place was developing some 11 km to the east. The older place became known as Staro Trgovište (Old Trgovište, Turkish : Eski Pazar ) and the younger as Novo Trgovište (New Trgovište, Turkish : Yeni Pazar ). The latter developed into

2407-454: The 15th/28th of November 1328/1912. Following the speech made by the President, Ismail Kemal Bey, in which he spoke of the great perils facing Albania today, the delegates have all decided unanimously that Albania, as of today, should be on her own, free and independent. The sitting was then suspended and members of newly constituted National Assembly went to the house of Ismail Kemal who raised

2490-754: The 17th-century Amir-agin Han , a 15th-century Hammam , and the 15th-century Turkish fortress (all gone but the walls, the site of which is now a walled park in the city centre). Novi Pazar is home to two universities, the International University of Novi Pazar and the State University of Novi Pazar . The city's football club FK Novi Pazar was founded in 1928, under the name "FK Sandžak", which later changed to "FK Deževa ". The club has played under its current name since 1962, when Deževa and another local football club, FK Ras, unified under this name. The club

2573-507: The Albanian Gendarmerie to declare a state of emergency and stop the plot. They raided Vlorë on 7–8 January 1914, discovering more than 200 Ottoman troops and arrested Fikri. During Fikri's trial the plot emerged and an ICC military court under Colonel Willem de Veer condemned him to death and later commuted to life imprisonment, while Kemal and his cabinet resigned. After Kemal left the country, turmoil ensured throughout Albania. After

Independent Albania - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-551: The Albanian government did not mint any currency. Transactions occurred in gold and silver coins of other countries, whereas the official unit of account was the franc of the Latin Monetary Union . Until 1912, the education system in Albania depended on religious institutions. Muslims attended Ottoman schools, the Orthodox population attended Greek or Armenian schools, Catholics attended Italian or Austrian schools, whereas in

2739-1299: The Albanian state reduced to the central regions ... "Shoqëria e Zezë për Shpëtim". Faik Konitza, Fan Noli e të tjerë nuk besonin se do të thyhej Turqia prej Ballkanikëvet dhe nuk kishin shpresë për Shqipërinë tek mprojtja e Austrisë. Prandaj në një mbledhje të madhe që mbajti Federata Vatra, në Boston, më 7 të Tetorit, udhëheqësit e kolonisë nuk shihnin tjetër mënyrë shpëtimi veçse duke u pështetur tek Turqia. Të gjithë të pranishmit u habitën kur dëgjuan prej krerëvet të tyre se interesi dhe detyra e Shqiptarëvet ishte që "të bashkohëshin plotësisht me qeverinë otomane kundër armiqve të Perandorisë". Sepse "po të thyhej Turqia, shtetet ballkanikë do t'a coptonin Shqipërinë." ..Ky mendim ishte i urtë nga njëra anë, por paraqiste rreziqe nga ana tjetër: sikur të thyhej Turqia, siç u thye, Shqiptarët do të pësonin fatin e saj, ose të paktën do t'iu jepnin shtetevet ballkanikë një arësye më shumë përpara fuqivet të mëdha për t'a copëtuar Shqipërinë si një krahinë turke.. ...Natyrisht, Turqia i mobilizoi Shqiptarët, por këta luftuan më fort për të mprojtur vendin e tyre kundër fqinjëvet,... ...Balkan armies occupied Albanian territory... London Conference of 1913 The London Conference of 1912–1913 , also known as

2822-463: The Balkan allies reducing the territory of Albania to its central regions. In September 1913 independent Albania secretly supported and helped Ohrid–Debar Uprising because Ismail Kemal thought that independent Albania was too weak to openly confront the Kingdom of Serbia. Kemal ordered a simultaneous attack of the Albanian forces led by Isa Boletini and Bajram Curri to the region of Prizren . Peshkopi

2905-496: The North and Shkumbin in the South. It further partitioned already truncated territory of Albania. Toptani contested the status of the provisional government and denied that Kemal's government was legitimate, emphasizing that it was "the personal creation of a number of men." In July 1913 Ismail Kemal attempted to calm Toptani by appointing him Minister of Interior, but with no avail. Toptani

2988-505: The Ottoman army fought for their country rather than for the Ottoman Empire. During the First Balkan War the combined armies of the Balkan allies overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies and achieved rapid success. They occupied almost all the remaining European territories of the Ottoman Empire including the territory of the Albanian Vilayet . At

3071-425: The Ottoman post offices and placed significant efforts to make the Albanian postal service identifiable. Post offices of the independent Albania used the Ottoman postal seals until the end of April and the beginning of May 1913, when they were replaced by the postal seals of Albania with the name of the place in the upper part of the seal and the name of the state, Albania ( Shqipenie ), in the bottom part. On 5 May 1913

3154-603: The Report by the International Commission of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace the number of Albanians who took refuge was 25,000. On 16 October 1913, Essad Pasha Toptani —who also had been an Albanian deputy in the Ottoman parliament —established the Republic of Central Albania with its administrative centre in Durrës . Toptani's state was also short-lived and unrecognised, with its territory bounded by rivers Mat in

3237-604: The Roman era and reconstructed in the 9th century. Over many centuries the city area of Stari Ras was a borderline contested by the First Bulgarian Empire , Serbian Principality and Byzantine Empire . Since the late-12th century, the region of modern Novi Pazar served as the principal province of the Serbian realm. It was an administrative division , usually under the direct rule of the monarch and sometimes as an appanage . It

3320-800: The Serb forces entered the Sandjak of Novi Pazar, they "pacified" the Albanians. In the Battle for Novi Pazar , fought at the end of 1941 during the Second World War , the Chetniks , initially supported by the Partisans , unsuccessfully tried to capture the city. Following the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević on 5 October 2000, newly elected Prime Minister of Serbia Zoran Đinđić made considerable efforts to help economically

3403-538: The ambassadors of all six Great Powers rejected the plan for establishing an independent Albania. Instead, they decided that Albania would be under Ottoman suzerainty but with an autonomous government. After it became obvious that Ottoman Empire would lose all of Macedonia and its territorial connection with Albania, the Great Powers realized they had to change their decision. The Treaty of London , signed on 30 May 1913, partitioned significant part of territory claimed by Albania, regardless its ethnic composition, between

Independent Albania - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-453: The beginning of November 1912, Albanian leaders appealed to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary , explaining the difficult situation in their country because parts of the four vilayets were also claimed by the Balkan League who were present on the disputed lands. Austria-Hungary and Italy strongly opposed the arrival of Serbian army on the Adriatic Sea because they perceived it as

3569-671: The city administrative area has 106,720 inhabitants. The city is the cultural center of the Bosniaks in Serbia and of Sandžak . A multicultural area of Muslims and Orthodox Christians , many monuments of both religions, like the Altun-Alem Mosque and the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul , are located in the region which has a total of 30 protected monuments of culture. During

3652-455: The city itself has 71,462 inhabitants. A total of 68.47% of population live in urban area of the city. The population density is 135.32 inhabitants per square kilometer. Novi Pazar has 23,022 households with 4,36 members on average; the number of homes is 28,688. Religion structure in the city of Novi Pazar is predominantly Muslim (82,710), with Serbian Orthodox (16,051), Atheists (71), Catholics (51), and other minority groups. Most of

3735-429: The city. The largest village is Mur , with over 3000 residents. Novi Pazar has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ) typical of the hilly Raška region. It is generally cooler than Serbia's other major cities, though still significantly warmer than the neighboring town of Sjenica . One of the oldest monuments of the area is the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul first built in

3818-404: The concentration camp Staro Sajmište and killed during the rule of Aćif Hadžiahmetović . The ethnic composition of the city administrative area: 2022 Ethnic composition of the urban area of the city: 2022 Aside from the urban area of Novi Pazar (54,604), the city administrative area includes the following settlements , with population from the 2002 census: Novi Pazar is governed by

3901-511: The day is celebrated as a public holiday . In the Republic of Kosovo , the day has been an official public holiday since a 2011 decision of Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi 's cabinet. The proceedings of the conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Albania's independence organized in November 1982 by the Academy of Sciences of Albania were entitled " National forces against imperialist dictate in

3984-624: The decision of the London Conference to cede most of the disputed area to Albania. This turn of event catalyzed an uprising among the local Greek population , who declared the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus . The situation of the Aromanians was also discussed. The Aromanians are a small ethnic group scattered throughout the Balkans. In the London Conference, it was proposed that all

4067-403: The districts near Slavic states, the population attended Serbian or Bulgarian schools. When Albania was declared independent in 1912 its government took measures to close foreign schools and to open Albanian ones. From 1912 to 1914, there was not much opportunity and time for progress of national education, because of the political instability and the breakout of World War I . The first laic school

4150-474: The entire region into their states (completely denying the Albania's independence), so most of the captured territory was occupied by their armies. Independent Albania did however exercise control over one pocket of land which included Vlore , Berat , Fier and Lushnje . Until September 1912, the Ottoman government intentionally kept Albanians divided within four ethnically heterogeneous vilayets to prevent Albanian national unification. The reforms introduced by

4233-456: The first postage stamps of Albania were put into circulation. On 7 July 1913 Albania submitted an official request to the Universal Postal Union (UPU) for membership. The request was rejected, and Albania would become a member of UPU only in 1922. After Albania achieved its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, its legal system continued to function under the Ottoman Civil Code ( Mejelle ) for some time. Since 28 November 1912 until 1926

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4316-510: The flag of Skanderbeg on the balcony of his house, in front of the gathered people. The establishment of the government was postponed for the fourth session of the Assembly of Vlorë, held on 4 December 1912, until representatives of all regions of Albania arrived to Vlore. During that session members of the assembly established the Provisional Government of Albania . It was a government that consisted of ten members, led by Ismail Kemal, until his resignation on 22 January 1914. Assembly established

4399-525: The foundation of St King Uroš I , built in the second half of the 13th century and located west of Novi Pazar, is a World Heritage Site since 1979 accompanying with Stari Ras (Old Ras), a medieval capital of the Serbian great župan Stefan Nemanja . The city also houses the oldest intact church in Serbia and one of the oldest ones in the region which dates from the 9th-century, the Church of St Peter . The church's walls were defaced with graffiti on 6 April 2008. The police have not officially concluded why

4482-468: The heads of the all three religions ( Islam , Orthodox and Catholic ) would be also representatives in the national assembly, which would have four-year terms. The Council of Ministres , with executive powers, would be appointed by the prince. After monarchical form of government has been installed by the International Commission of Control in 1914 the political system of Albania became a monarchy. The biggest group of Albanians who were left outside of

4565-563: The import. As of 2023, Novi Pazar was having around 23,000 unemployed inhabitants, making it one of the cities in Serbia with the highest unemployment rate (around 50%). Some of the main reasons for this was unstable political situation during the 1990s and 2000s, and underdeveloped infrastructure (with no international airports, motorways and railways nearby). The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): The old Serbian Orthodox monastery of Sopoćani ,

4648-461: The incident occurred. On a hilltop overlooking Novi Pazar is the 12th century monastery of Đurđevi stupovi , long left in ruin, but recently restored and with a monastic community using it, with plate glass to keep out the weather and preserve the fine frescos. The main mosque of the city, the Altun-Alem Mosque , was built in the first half of the 16th century by architect Abdul Gani. There are various other historic Ottoman buildings, such as

4731-401: The lands inhabited by Aromanians, such as the Pindus and its area around, be granted to the new Albanian state to protect them from Greek and Serbian (as Serbia had annexed Vardar Macedonia ) assimilatory policies. Such proposals were supported by the Kingdom of Romania . On the simultaneous Albanian Congress of Trieste , the Aromanians also demanded regional autonomy within Albania, but this

4814-414: The law enforcement units of the independent Albania. The first director of the Albanian Police was Halim Jakova-Gostivari , whereas the first commanders of the gendarmerie were Alem Tragjasi , Hysni Toska , Sali Vranishti , and Hajredin Hekali . The Albanian Police uniforms was colored in gray and green, and the collars were red and black. The economy of Albania after it became independent state in 1912

4897-465: The modern city of Novi Pazar. The name "Novi Pazar" (meaning 'New Bazaar') was derived from the Serbian name Novo Trgovište , via the Turkish name Yeni Pazar , which is itself derived from bazaar (from Persian بازار (bāzār)  'market'; from Pahlavi بهاچار (bahā-chār)  'place of prices'). The city is known as Pazari i Ri or Tregu i Ri in Albanian and simply Novi Pazar in Bosnian . Aside from that it

4980-401: The monumental work dedicated to the “100 anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the Albanian State: 28 November 1912 – 28 November 2012” ". ... the Conference nevertheless awarded the Balkan allies large areas of Albanian-claimed territory... A major part of northern and western Albania went to Serbia and Montenegro, while Greece received the large southern region of Chameria, leaving

5063-403: The name of the constituted Assembly of Vlorë (Albanian: Kuvendi i Vlorës ) which members were representatives of all the regions of Albania. By the declaration of Albanian independence the Assembly of Vlorë rejected the autonomy granted by the Ottoman Empire to the Albanian Vilayet , projected a couple of months earlier. The consensus was made for the complete independence. In Vlora, on

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5146-417: The new state were Albanians from Kosovo , the cradle of the 19th century Albanian nationalism. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy exploited the discontent of the Albanians about the inaccurate ethnic borders. Since Albania was declared independent on November 28, 1912, every 28 November is commemorated by all Albanians (wherever they live in the world) as their Independence Day . In the Republic of Albania ,

5229-492: The number of its delegates. Participants of this congress are regarded as Founding Fathers of Albania. The first notification about the proclaimed independence was sent to the command of Serbian Army in Ohrid. On 29 November 1912, the army of the Kingdom of Serbia captured Durrës without any resistance and established Durrës County with four districts ( Serbian : срез ): Durrës, Lezha , Elbasan and Tirana . New Serbian authorities were faced with big difficulties in governing

5312-421: The organization of the Albanian State, 1912-1914: Report ". In 1992 the Academy of Sciences of Albania organized a conference dedicated to 80th anniversary of independent Albania and published a document titled: " The organization of government, judicial system and military of Albania (1912-1914) ". Year 2012 is a year of the centennial of the Independence of Albania. The opening day of the year-long celebration

5395-403: The population speaks either Bosnian (74,501) or Serbian (23,406). The composition of population by sex and average age: A total of 33,583 citizens (older than 15 years) have secondary education (44.41%), while the 7,351 citizens have higher education (9.72%). Of those with higher education, 5,005 (6.62%) have university education. From the 15th century to the Balkan Wars, Novi Pazar

5478-469: The state was limited to the regions of Vlore, Berat and Lushnje. The claimed territory was much larger than the territory of contemporary Albania and than the territory over which the Provisional Government exercised its power. It comprised the territories of Kosovo Vilayet , Monastir Vilayet , Shkoder Vilayet and Janina Vilayet . The Treaty of London , signed on 30 May 1913, reduced the territory of Albanian state to its central regions after partitioning

5561-401: The territory claimed by the newly established Albanian state , and between 30% and 40% of the total Albanian population, was left out of the newly established Principality of Albania ; in particular the Albanian-inhabited region of Kosovo Vilayet was given to Serbia and much of southern Chameria to Greece. Concerning the Greco-Albanian frontier, the only time the Great Powers intervened,

5644-461: The turbulent 1990s and, Novi Pazar prospered, even during the UN sanctions, boosted by the strong private initiative in textile industry. Jeans of Novi Pazar, first of forged trademarks, and later on its own labels, became famous throughout the region. However, during the relative economic prosperity in Serbia of the 2000s, the Novi Pazar economy collapsed, with demise of large textile combines in mismanaged privatization , and incoming competition from

5727-412: The war was over, the Great Powers did not award the city to the Kingdom of Montenegro, which was compelled to evacuate it in May 1913. In May 1913, delegates of Albania in London requested a British sovereign and considered offering the Albanian throne to Aubrey Herbert . The Great Powers did not fulfil the requests for recognition of Albania. At the beginning of the London conference in December 1912

5810-451: The warring powers as to territorial acquisitions, and also to determine the future of Albania , whose independence was proclaimed during the conflict. An armistice to end the First Balkan War had been signed on 3 December 1912. The London Peace Conference was attended by delegates from the Balkan allies (including Greece) who had not signed the previous armistice, as well as the Ottoman Empire. The Conference started in September 1912 at

5893-432: The whole area of Novi Pazar. Also, with the help of Đinđić, the International University of Novi Pazar was founded in 2002. He made close relations with the leaders of Bosniaks , as part of his wider plan to reform Serbia. Twelve years following his assassination , the Novi Pazar Assembly decided to rename one street in his name. According to the 2022 census, the municipality of Novi Pazar has 106,720 inhabitants, while

5976-643: The whole territory of Epirus up to Arta . About 120 notable politicians and intellectuals from Albania attended the Albanian Congress of Trieste from 27 February to 6 March 1913 and requested from the Great Powers a recognition of the political and economical independence of Albania. Isa Boletini and Ismail Kemal travelled to London in March 1913 to obtain Britain's support for their new country. On March 6 Ioannina

6059-535: Was a SFRJ amateur champion, and a member of the Yugoslav Second League . FK Novi Pazar qualified for a promotional play-off twice, but lost both times (to FK Sutjeska Nikšić in 1994, and to FK Sloboda Užice in 1995). FK Novi Pazar finally promoted to Serbian SuperLiga in 2011–12 season. FK Novi Pazar is the oldest second-league team in Serbia. Football is still an extremely popular sport in Novi Pazar and

6142-436: Was also, like Kemal little earlier, forced by Great Powers to step away on 1 February 1914. At the beginning of the session Ismail Kemal emphasized that the only way to prevent division of the territory of Albania between the Balkan allies was to establish it as independent state, separated from Ottoman Empire . Kemal's proposal was unanimously accepted and it was decided to sign the declaration of independence of Albania in

6225-414: Was based on primitive agriculture and livestock , with no significant industry, and little international trade. Starting in 1912, Albania began activities aimed at implementing an agrarian reform, which would transfer ownership of the arable land from the big landowners to the peasants. The Treaties of London and Bucharest dealt with the final territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of

6308-464: Was captured by forces of the Kingdom of Greece . In March 1913 a group of 130 (or 200) soldiers of the Kingdom of Serbia were killed near Prizren by Albanian irregulars in act of revenge for repression of Serbian army. In April 1913 the army of the Kingdom of Serbia retreated from Durrës but remained in other parts of Albania. On the other hand, Kingdom of Montenegro managed to capture Shkodër on 23 April 1913 after six months of siege . However, when

6391-515: Was captured on 20 September 1913. Local Albanians and Bulgarians expelled the Serbian army and officials, creating a front line 15 km east of Ohrid. A local administration was set up in Ohrid. The Serbian Army of 100,000 regulars suppressed the uprising in several days. Thousands were killed, and tens of thousands of local inhabitants fled for Bulgaria and Albania to save their lives. According to

6474-481: Was on 17 January 2012 during a solemn ceremony held at the Parliament of Albania and attended by Albanian representatives from the Republic of Kosovo , Macedonia , Montenegro , Preševo and Bujanovac , who were joined that day like they were 100 years ago. The Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports announced on 22 December 2011 the " International Competition for the accomplishment in sculpture of

6557-569: Was opened in Shkoder in 1913. A group of fighters from Kosovo led by Isa Boletini were the first nucleus of the armed forces of Albania established on 4 December 1912. The Ottoman forces backed the government of Independent Albania until the beginning of 1913, although the Ottomans did not recognize its independence. Law enforcement forces ( gendarmerie and Albanian Police ) of the independent Albania were established on 13 January 1913. About 70 former Ottoman officers were engaged as officers of

6640-538: Was rejected as the Aromanians within the new fixed borders of Albania, excluding expansion proposals, did not live in compact areas. In the end, the Aromanians were neither annexed to Albania nor were they given autonomy. Novi Pazar Novi Pazar ( Serbian Cyrillic : Нови Пазар ) is a city located in the Raška District of southwestern Serbia. As of the 2022 census, the urban area has 71,462 inhabitants, while

6723-629: Was the crownland , seat or appanage of various Serbian states throughout the Middle Ages, including the Serbian Kingdom (1217–1345) and the Serbian Empire (1345–1371). In 1427, the region and the remnant of Ras, as part of the Serbian Despotate , was ruled by Serbian despot Đurađ Branković . One of the markets was called "despotov trg" (Despot's square). In 1439, the region was captured by

6806-483: Was the capital of the sanjak of Novi Pazar. Typically, like other centres of the wider area, its composition was multiethnic, with Albanians, Serbs and Slavic-speaking Muslims as the largest ethnic groups of the city. The Ottoman travel writer Evliya Çelebi noted that it was one of the most populated towns in the Balkans in the 17th century. Jews also lived in the city until World War II. The entire Jewish population of Novi Pazar - 221 individuals, were imprisoned, sent to

6889-574: Was when Austria-Hungary and Italy forbid a Greek occupation of Vlorë , after the Greek navy had shelled the town on 3 December; as a result no Great Power opposed the cession of Ioannina to Greece (as long as they could take it). A special boundary commission was sent to delineate the Greek-Albanian border. However, being unable to delineate the area on an ethnographic basis, it fell back upon economic, strategic and geographical arguments, which resulted in

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