99-742: Incheon International Airport Corporation ( IIAC ) was established in 1991 to operate the Incheon International Airport in Incheon , South Korea . The Department of Transportation issued the P170.6-billion NAIA public–private partnership project 'Notice of Award' to SMC-SAP & Co. Consortium (San Miguel Holdings Corporation, RMM Asian Logistics Incorporated, RLW Aviation Development Incorporated, and Incheon International Airport Corporation) on February 16, 2024. On March 18, 2024, Marcos Jr. and Ramon Ang ’s consortium ( San Miguel Corporation ) signed
198-446: A Mitsubishi Crystal Mover shuttle train APM shuttling passengers between the concourse and the main terminal. Many long-distance foreign carriers were moved to the new concourse, with Korean Air and Asiana Airlines continuing to use the existing terminal. The South Korean government invested ₩ 4 trillion until 2017 to expand Incheon International Airport. The second passenger terminal
297-585: A control tower, an administrative building, a transportation centre (the Integrated Transportation Centre, designed by Terry Farrell and Partners and Samoo Architects & Engineers ), an integrated operations centre, three cargo terminals, international business centre, and a government office building were constructed. Phase 2 construction began in 2002, and was originally expected to be completed in December 2008. However, in an attempt to have
396-546: A fifth runway and a third terminal. Terminal 1 (measuring 496,000 square metres (5,338,900 sq ft)) is the largest airport terminal by area in South Korea. Terminal 1 was designed by Curtis W. Fentress , FAIA, RIBA of Fentress Architects . It is 1,060 metres (3,480 ft) long, 149 metres (489 ft) wide, and 33 metres (108 ft) high. Its construction cost was 5.632 trillion South Korean Won. The terminal has 44 boarding ports (all of which can accommodate
495-534: A joint ceremony at the company's French headquarters, receiving the ICAO code A388. The A380-861 model was added to the type certificate on 14 December 2007. Initial production of the A380 was troubled by delays attributed to the 530 km (330 mi) of wiring in each aircraft. Airbus cited as underlying causes the complexity of the cabin wiring (98,000 wires and 40,000 connectors), its concurrent design and production,
594-415: A new A380 build standard, incorporating a strengthened airframe structure and a 1.5° increase in wing twist . Airbus also offered, as an option, an improved maximum take-off weight, thus providing a better payload/range performance. Maximum take-off weight is increased by 4 t (8,800 lb), to 573 t (1,263,000 lb) and the range is extended by 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi); this
693-405: A plane, Airbus was already pursuing its own large-plane project. Analysts suggested that Boeing would instead pursue stretching its 747 design, and that air travel was already moving away from the hub-and-spoke system that consolidated traffic into large planes, and toward more non-stop routes that could be served by smaller planes. From 1997 to 2000, as the 1997 Asian financial crisis darkened
792-462: A production rate of four A380s per month. In 2005, five A380s were built for testing and demonstration purposes. The first A380, registered F-WWOW, was unveiled in Toulouse 18 January 2005. It first flew on 27 April 2005. This plane, equipped with Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines, flew from Toulouse–Blagnac Airport with a crew of six headed by chief test pilot Jacques Rosay . Rosay said flying
891-452: A resort called "Inspire" which includes 6-star hotels, theme parks, and a casino. Between 2017 and 2024, a fourth construction phase at the airport is taking place. There will be an expansion of Terminal 2, the building of a fourth runway and additional apron and car parking facilities. Following completion of the works, it is expected that the hourly flight capacity of the airport will increase from 90 to 107. There are long-term plans for
990-437: A result of the cracks and subsequent grounding of fleets. Airbus has switched to a different type of aluminium alloy so aircraft delivered from 2014 onwards should not have this problem. Around 2014, Airbus changed about 10% of all A380 doors, as some leaked during flight. One occurrence resulted in dropped oxygen masks and an emergency landing. The switch was estimated to cost over €100 million. Airbus stated that safety
1089-580: A service entry date. For the passenger version Airbus negotiated a revised delivery schedule and compensation with the 13 customers, all of which retained their orders with some placing subsequent orders, including Emirates, Singapore Airlines, Qantas, Air France, Qatar Airways, and Korean Air. Beginning in 2007, the A380 was considered as a potential replacement for the existing Boeing VC-25 serving as Air Force One presidential transport, but in January 2009 EADS declared that they were not going to bid for
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#17328631603431188-504: A test of passenger facilities and comfort. In November 2006, a further series of route-proving flights demonstrated the aircraft's performance for 150 flight hours under typical airline operating conditions. As of 2014 , the A380 test aircraft continue to perform test procedures. Airbus obtained type certificates for the A380-841 and A380-842 model from the EASA and FAA on 12 December 2006 in
1287-517: A video game center and the Museum of Korean Culture . The Sims 4 team released The Sims 4: Incheon Arrivals kit, inspired by the fashion at the Incheon airport. Airbus A380 The Airbus A380 is a very large wide-body airliner , developed and produced by Airbus . It is the world's largest passenger airliner and the only full-length double-deck jet airliner. Airbus studies started in 1988, and
1386-449: A year, up from the previous capacity of 44 million passengers and 4,500,000 tonnes (4,428,929 long tons; 4,960,401 short tons). Construction began in 2011 and was completed in 2017. The terminal opened on 18 January 2018. Incheon's expansion also includes adding more aprons to park planes and extending a railway line to the city center of Seoul about 70 kilometres (43 mi) away from the airport. The airport also signed an agreement to build
1485-403: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Incheon International Airport Incheon International Airport ( IATA : ICN , ICAO : RKSI ) — or simply Incheon Airport — is the main international airport serving Seoul , the capital of South Korea. It is also one of the largest and busiest airports in the world. This airport opened for business on 29 March 2001, to replace
1584-450: Is achieved by reducing flight loads, partly from optimising the fly-by-wire control laws. British Airways and Emirates were the first two customers to have received this new option in 2013. Emirates asked for an update with new engines for the A380 to be competitive with the Boeing 777X around 2020, and Airbus was studying 11-abreast seating. In 2012, Airbus announced another increase in
1683-860: Is the only available place in Seoul where in-town check-in service is provided. The Korea Train eXpress (KTX) operated at the same station as AREX but used a different platform. It operated 20 times per day from the airport; twelve times on the Gyeonbu Line , twice on the Gyeonjeon Line , four times on the Honam Line , and twice on the Jeolla Line . The service started in 2014 but was suspended in March 2018 due to low ridership. The suspension became permanent in September 2018 as
1782-631: The A380-800 and the A380F . The A380-800's original configuration carried 555 passengers in a three-class configuration or 853 passengers (538 on the main deck and 315 on the upper deck) in a single-class economy configuration. Then in May 2007, Airbus began marketing a configuration with 30 fewer passengers (525 total in three classes)—traded for 200 nmi; 230 mi (370 km) more range—to better reflect trends in premium-class accommodation. The design range for
1881-800: The Bombardment of Yeonpyeong in November 2010. Airport shuttle buses transport passengers between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Buses are free, arrive every 5 to 8 minutes, take approximately 20 minutes of travel time, and stop at the Hyatt Hotel or airport fire station en route, depending on direction. Airport buses are called limousine buses. Standard limousine buses travel to Gimpo Airport & Songjeong station . Intercity buses connect with other towns and cities in Korea. The City Air Logistics & Transportation company runs an airport bus line directly connected to
1980-577: The Engine Alliance GP7000 (A380-861) turbofan engines. The Trent 900 is a combination of the 3 m (118 in) fan and scaled IP compressor of the 777-200X/300X Trent 8104 technology demonstrator derived from the Boeing 777's Trent 800 , and the Airbus A340-500/600's Trent 500 core. The GP7200 HP core technology is derived from GE's GE90 and its LP sections are based on
2079-587: The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 12 December 2006. Due to difficulties with the electrical wiring , the initial production was delayed by two years and the development costs almost doubled. It was first delivered to Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007 and entered service on 25 October. Production peaked at 30 per year in both 2012 and 2014, with production of
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#17328631603432178-653: The Incheon Bridge also connects the island to central Incheon . It is connected to the Incheon Bridge and the 2nd Gyeongin Expressway . Airport limousine buses, which have been operating since the day Incheon International Airport opened, and many visitors in private cars use this road. When the 3rd Yeonyukgyo Bridge opens in 2025, a general road connecting to the Gyeongin Expressway , Incheon Airport will be accessible by two-wheeled vehicles and on foot. In 2017,
2277-486: The PW4000 expertise. At its launch in 2000, engine makers assured Airbus it was getting the best level of technology and they would be state-of-the-art for the next decade, but three years later Boeing launched the 787 Dreamliner with game-changing technology and 10% lower fuel burn than the previous generation, to the dismay of John Leahy. Due to its modern engines and aerodynamic improvements, Lufthansa's A380s produce half
2376-564: The Qantas Flight 32 engine failure incident, cracks were discovered in wing fittings. As a result, the European Aviation Safety Agency issued an Airworthiness Directive in January 2012 which affected 20 A380 aircraft that had accumulated over 1,300 flights. A380s with under 1,800 flight hours were to be inspected within 6 weeks or 84 flights; aircraft with over 1,800 flight hours were to be examined within four days or 14 flights. Fittings found to be cracked were replaced. On 8 February 2012,
2475-532: The $ 3-billion 15 years public–private partnership concession agreement for NAIA rehabilitation. The operations and maintenance of the airport will be turned over to the Concessionaire in September 2024. The Consortium forthwith made the P30-billion upfront payment to the government. This airport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a South Korean company
2574-402: The A380 design was able to achieve a very low cost for passenger seat-distance, but efficiency within the hub-and-spoke paradigm was not able to overcome the efficiency of fewer flights required in the point-to-point system. Specifically, US based carriers had been using a multihub strategy, which only justified the need for a handful of VLAs ( very large aircraft with more than 400 seats) such as
2673-418: The A380 did not achieve commercial viability for Airbus has been attributed to its extremely large capacity being optimised for a hub-and-spoke system, which was projected by Airbus to be thriving when the programme was conceived. However, airlines underwent a fundamental transition to a point-to-point system, which gets customers to their destination in one flight instead of two or three. The massive scale of
2772-515: The A380 had been "like handling a bicycle". On 1 December 2005, the A380 achieved its maximum design speed of Mach 0.96, (its design cruise speed is Mach 0.85) in a shallow dive. In 2006, the A380 flew its first high-altitude test at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport . It conducted its second high-altitude test at the same airport in 2009. On 10 January 2006, it flew to José María Córdova International Airport in Colombia, accomplishing
2871-460: The A380 had grown to €11–14 billion when the first aircraft was completed. In 2000, the projected development cost was €9.5 billion. In 2004, Airbus estimated that €1.5 billion ($ 2 billion) would need to be added, totalling the developmental costs to €10.3 billion ($ 12.7 billion). In 2006, Airbus stopped publishing its reported cost after reaching costs of €10.2 billion and then it provisioned another €4.9 billion, after
2970-448: The A380 on its intended long-haul missions would free only a few airport slots . After achieving efficiencies to sustain production at a lower level, in 2017, Airbus delivered 15 A380s and was "very close" to production breakeven, expecting to make additional savings as production was being further reduced: it planned to deliver 12 in 2018, eight in 2019 and six per year from 2020 with "digestible" losses. As of February 2018 , Enders
3069-476: The A380 parts are transported by barge to Langon , and by oversize road convoys to the assembly hall in Toulouse . To avoid damage from direct handling, parts are secured in custom jigs carried on self-powered wheeled vehicles. After assembly, the aircraft are flown to the Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder plant to be furnished and painted. Airbus sized the production facilities and supply chain for
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3168-401: The A380 received European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approval to carry up to 853 passengers. The first A380 using GP7200 engines—serial number MSN009 and flew on 25 August 2006. On 4 September 2006, the first full passenger-carrying flight test took place. The aircraft flew from Toulouse with 474 Airbus employees on board, in
3267-478: The A380's maximum take-off weight to 575 t (1,268,000 lb), a 6 t increase from the initial A380 variant and 2 t higher than the increased-weight proposal of 2010. This increased the range by some 150 nautical miles (280 km; 170 mi), taking its capability to around 8,350 nautical miles (15,460 km; 9,610 mi) at current payloads. The higher-weight version was offered for introduction to service early in 2013. During repairs following
3366-449: The A380, and having too few VLAs meant that they could not achieve economy of scale to spread out the enormous fixed cost of the VLA support infrastructure. Consequently, orders for VLAs slowed in the mid 2010s, as widebody twin jets now offer similar range and greater fuel efficiency, giving airlines more flexibility at a lower upfront cost. On 25 September 2020, Airbus completed assembly of
3465-456: The A380−800 model is 8,500 nmi (15,700 km); capable of flying from Hong Kong to New York or from Sydney to Istanbul non-stop. The A380 is designed for 19,000 cycles. The second model, the A380F freighter, would have carried 150 t (330,000 lb) of cargo over a range of 5,600 nmi (10,400 km; 6,400 mi). Freighter development was put on hold as Airbus prioritised
3564-556: The Airbus A380), 50 customs inspection ports, 2 biological quarantine counters, 6 stationary and 14 portable passenger quarantine counters, 120 arrival passport inspection counters, 8 arrival security ports, 28 departure security ports, 252 check-in counters, and 120 departure passport inspection counters. In 2015, an automatic check-in counter lane was introduced, which people travelling via Korean Air , Asiana Airlines and China Southern Airlines can use. Instead of having airport staff at
3663-455: The Airbus consortium started a joint feasibility study of a Very Large Commercial Transport (VLCT), aiming to form a partnership to share the limited market. In June 1994, Airbus announced its plan to develop its own very large airliner, designated as A3XX. Airbus considered several designs, including an unusual side-by-side combination of two fuselages from its A340 , the largest Airbus jet at
3762-713: The Incheon International Airport was the fifth-busiest airport in the world and third in Asia by cargo traffic, and 19th in the world and eighth in Asia by passenger traffic. In 2016, the airport served a total of 57,849,814 passengers. The airport opened for business in early 2001 to replace the older Gimpo International Airport, which now serves mostly domestic destinations plus shuttle flights to Beijing–Capital , Osaka–Kansai , Shanghai–Hongqiao , Taipei–Songshan and Tokyo–Haneda although flights to Beijing and Osaka also operate from Incheon Airport. The airport
3861-625: The Terminal 2 on 28 October 2018. From 1 July 2023, Jin Air , the low-cost subsidiary of Korean Air , started operating at Terminal 2. And the rest of the SkyTeam members, such as China Eastern Airlines , Shanghai Airlines , and Vietnam Airlines will be relocated to Terminal 2 after the Phase 4 construction work is completed. ^1 Aeromexico 's flight from Mexico City to Seoul–Incheon operates via Monterrey but
3960-693: The United Kingdom. Due to the sections' large size, traditional transportation methods proved unfeasible, so they are brought to the Jean-Luc Lagardère Plant assembly hall in Toulouse , France, by specialised road and water transportation, though some parts are moved by the A300-600ST Beluga transport aircraft. A380 components are provided by suppliers from around the world; the four largest contributors, by value, are Rolls-Royce , Safran , United Technologies and General Electric . For
4059-460: The aircraft ending in 2021. The A380's estimated $ 25 billion development cost was not recouped by the time Airbus ended production. The full-length double-deck aircraft has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers. The quadjet is powered by Engine Alliance GP7200 or Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofans providing a range of 8,000 nmi (14,800 km; 9,200 mi). As of December 2021 ,
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4158-417: The aircraft, replacing it with 40 A330-900s and 30 A350-900s . At the time of the announcement, Airbus had 17 more A380s on its order book to complete before closing the production line – 14 for Emirates and three for All Nippon Airways – taking the total number of expected deliveries of the aircraft type to 251. Airbus would have needed more than $ 90 million profit from
4257-479: The airline wanted guarantees that production would be maintained for 10 years, until 2028: reducing output to six a year would help to bridge that period and would support second-hand values while other buyers are approached, but the programme would still be unprofitable. If it had failed to win the Emirates order, Airbus claimed that it was ready to phase out its production gradually as it fulfilled remaining orders until
4356-593: The airline's 747-400 fleet. Emirates' Tim Clark claimed that the A380 has better fuel economy at Mach 0.86 than at 0.83, and that its technical dispatch reliability is at 97%, the same as Singapore Airlines. Airbus is committed to reach the industry standard of 98.5%. Emirates was the second airline to receive the A380 and commenced service between Dubai and New York in August 2008. Qantas followed, with flights between Melbourne and Los Angeles in October 2008. By
4455-489: The airport has been rated by Skytrax as the third-best airport in the world. Skytrax has also rated the airport as the world's best international transit airport and one of the world's cleanest airports . The airport is one of Skytrax's 5-star airports and has also been awarded for the best airport security in 2021. During the entire run of the best airport worldwide ranking by Airports Council International (ACI) from 2005 to 2011, Incheon International Airport topped
4554-503: The airport ready for the 2008 Beijing Olympics , which took place in August 2008, the schedule was modified, and Phase 2 construction was completed on 20 June 2008. During this construction phase, a third parallel 4,000-metre-long (13,123 ft 4 in) runway and a 13-hectare (32.1-acre) cargo terminal area was added. A 16.5-hectare (40.8-acre) concourse connected to the main passenger building via two parallel 870-metre-long (2,854 ft 4 in) underground passageways were added, with
4653-402: The airport was the world's fourth busiest airport by cargo traffic and third in Asia, and the world's 19th busiest airport by passenger traffic and ninth in Asia. In 2019, the airport served a total of 70,857,908 passengers. operations After COVID-19 ended, it recovered dramatically. In about nine months, the number of passengers increased to the level of the previous year. As of 2024,
4752-846: The alliance's 13 member carriers who serve the airport: American Airlines , Cathay Pacific , Finnair , Malaysia Airlines , Qantas , Qatar Airways , and SriLankan Airlines . It is the first in a series of planned lounges under development by the alliance. The passenger concourse was completed at the end of May 2008. It is connected to Terminal 1 by two parallel 870-metre-long (2,850 ft) underground passageways equipped with IATs (Intra Airport Transit). It has 30 gates and six lounges. A new passenger terminal, designed by Gensler , opened on 18 January 2018, and Korean Air , Air France , Delta Air Lines , and KLM flights were relocated from Terminal 1 to Terminal 2. Other SkyTeam members such as Aeroflot , Aeroméxico , China Airlines , Czech Airlines , Garuda Indonesia , and XiamenAir started serving
4851-612: The black (profitable) for 2016 and 2017. "The company will continue to improve the efficiency of its industrial system to achieve breakeven at 20 aircraft in 2017 and targets additional cost reduction initiatives to lower breakeven further." Airbus expected that healthy demand for its other aircraft would allow it to avoid job losses from the cuts. As Airbus expected to build 15 airliners in 2017 and 12 in 2018, Airbus Commercial Aircraft president Fabrice Brégier said that, without orders in 2017, production would be reduced to below one per month while remaining profitable per unit and allowing
4950-461: The bus station at COEX , Gangnam. The Airport Railroad Express (AREX and styled as A'REX) has two stations located in both the Transport Centre adjacent to the Terminal 1 building ( Incheon International Airport Terminal 1 station ) and is in the basement of Terminal 2 ( Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 station ). It provides service to Gimpo International Airport and Seoul. Many of
5049-421: The checks were extended to cover all 68 A380 aircraft in operation. The problem is considered to be minor and is not expected to affect operations. EADS acknowledged that the cost of repairs would be over $ 130 million, to be borne by Airbus. The company said the problem was traced to stress and material used for the fittings. Additionally, major airlines are seeking compensation from Airbus for revenue lost as
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#17328631603435148-445: The contract, as assembling only three planes in the US would not make financial sense. On 13 May 2008, Airbus announced reduced deliveries for the years 2008 (12) and 2009 (21). After further manufacturing setbacks, Airbus announced its plan to deliver 14 A380s in 2009, down from the previously revised target of 18. A total of 10 A380s were delivered in 2009. In 2010, Airbus delivered 18 of
5247-546: The counter, there is a machine where travellers input their flight information, scan their passports, receive their flight tickets and lastly, load the luggage onto the conveyor. This system was planned to be introduced in Terminal 2, but in May 2015 Incheon Airport used one of the counter islands for the unmanned luggage handling system. In December 2023, a Oneworld -branded and operated lounge opened in Incheon Airport Terminal 1 to serve passengers flying on seven of
5346-561: The difficulties in electric cabling and two years delay for an estimated total of €18 billion. In 2014, the aircraft was estimated to have cost $ 25bn (£16bn, €18.9bn) to develop. In 2015, Airbus said development costs were €15 billion (£11.4 billion, $ 16.64 billion), though analysts believe the figure is likely to be at least €5bn ($ 5.55 Bn) more for a €20 Bn ($ 22.19 Bn) total. In 2016, The A380 development costs were estimated at $ 25 billion for 15 years, $ 25–30 billion, or €25 billion ($ 28 billion). To start
5445-567: The dominance that Boeing had enjoyed in this market segment since the early 1970s with its Boeing 747 . McDonnell Douglas unsuccessfully offered its double-deck MD-12 concept for sale. Lockheed was exploring the possibility for a Very Large Subsonic Transport. Roeder was given approval for further evaluations of the UHCA after a formal presentation to the President and CEO in June 1990. The megaproject
5544-480: The early 2020s. In January 2018, Emirates confirmed the order for 36 A380s, but the deal was thrown back into question in October 2018 over a disagreement regarding engine fuel burn. To extend the programme, Airbus offered China a production role in early 2018. While state-owned Chinese airlines could order A380s, it would not help their low yield, as it lowers frequency; they do not need more volume as widebody aircraft are already used on domestic routes and using
5643-471: The end of 2008, 890,000 passengers had flown on 2,200 flights. In February 2008, the A380 became the first airliner to fly using synthetic liquid fuel. The fuel is processed from gas to liquid form (GTL fuel). The flight was 3 hours long, taking off from Filton, UK, and landing in Toulouse, France, and was a significant step in evaluating the suitability of sustainable aviation fuels. In 2010, Airbus announced
5742-485: The end of 2009 would be cut to 70–80 aircraft. The announcement caused a 26% drop in the share price of Airbus' parent, EADS, and led to the departure of EADS CEO Paul Dupont , Airbus CEO Gustav Humbert , and A380 programme manager Charles Champion . On 3 October 2006, upon completion of a review of the A380 programme, Airbus CEO Christian Streiff announced a third delay, pushing the first delivery to October 2007, to be followed by 13 deliveries in 2008, 25 in 2009, and
5841-547: The expected 20 A380s, due to Rolls-Royce engine availability problems. Airbus planned to deliver "between 20 and 25" A380s in 2011 before ramping up to three a month in 2012. In fact, Airbus delivered 26 units, thus outdoing its predicted output for the first time. As of July 2012 , production was 3 aircraft per month. Among the production problems are challenging interiors, interiors being installed sequentially rather than concurrently as in smaller planes, and union/government objections to streamlining. Nicknamed Superjumbo ,
5940-425: The final A380 fuselage. Nine aircraft remained to be delivered (eight for Emirates, one for All Nippon Airways) and production operations continued to finish those aircraft. On 17 March 2021, the final Airbus A380 (manufacturing serial number 272) made its maiden flight from Toulouse to Hamburg for cabin outfitting, before being delivered to Emirates on 16 December 2021. The A380 was initially offered in two models:
6039-456: The first A380, MSN003, was delivered to Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007 and entered service on 25 October 2007 with flight number SQ380 between Singapore and Sydney . Passengers bought seats in a charity online auction paying between $ 560 and $ 100,380. Two months later, Singapore Airlines CEO Chew Choong Seng stated the A380 was performing better than either the airline or Airbus had anticipated, burning 20% less fuel per seat-mile than
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#17328631603436138-456: The first delay in June 2005 and notified airlines that deliveries would be delayed by six months. This reduced the total number of planned deliveries by the end of 2009 from about 120 to 90–100. On 13 June 2006, Airbus announced a second delay, with the delivery schedule slipping an additional six to seven months. Although the first delivery was still planned before the end of 2006, deliveries in 2007 would drop to only 9 aircraft, and deliveries by
6237-523: The flight from Seoul–Incheon to Mexico City is non-stop. ^2 Korean Air's service between Busan and Incheon is available only to connecting passengers flying with the airline internationally. ^3 Korean Air's service between Daegu and Incheon is available only to connecting passengers flying with the airline internationally. On 16 June 2011, an Airbus A321-200 , operating as Asiana Airlines flight 324 between Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport , China and Incheon International Airport,
6336-546: The full production rate of 45 aircraft per year in 2010. The delay also increased the earnings shortfall projected by Airbus through 2010 to €4.8 billion. As Airbus prioritised the work on the A380-800 over the A380F, freighter orders were cancelled by FedEx and United Parcel Service , or converted to A380-800 by Emirates and ILFC. Airbus suspended work on the freighter version, but said it remained on offer, albeit without
6435-417: The global A380 fleet had completed more than 800,000 flights over 7.3 million block hours with no fatalities and no hull losses. As of December 2022 , there were 237 aircraft in service with 16 operators worldwide. In mid-1988, Airbus engineers, led by Jean Roeder, began work in secret on the development of an ultra-high-capacity airliner (UHCA), both to complete its own range of products and to break
6534-553: The high degree of customisation for each airline, and failures of configuration management and change control . The German and Spanish Airbus facilities continued to use CATIA version 4, while British and French sites migrated to version 5. This caused overall configuration management problems, at least in part because wire harnesses manufactured using aluminium rather than copper conductors necessitated special design rules including non-standard dimensions and bend radii; these were not easily transferred between versions of
6633-490: The huge cross-section touted the possibility of duty-free shops, restaurant-like dining, gyms, casinos and beauty parlours on board, the realities of airline economics have kept such dreams grounded. On 19 December 2000, the supervisory board of newly restructured Airbus voted to launch a €9.5 billion ($ 10.7 billion) project to build the A3XX, re-designated as A380, with 50 firm orders from six launch customers. The A380 designation
6732-417: The island to be able to get to the airport. The airport provides a short-term parking lot for 4,000 cars and a long-term parking lot for 6,000 cars. Shuttle services connect the long-term parking lot to the passenger terminal and the cargo terminal. Car rental is located near the long-term parking lot. A link to the mainland is provided by the toll Yeongjong Bridge and an expressway . A second expressway on
6831-426: The line to the northwest of the island. Phase 3 would have added 37.4 km, transforming the line into a circle. After converting the tracks from Maglev to orbital tram tracks, service is expected to resume from March 2024. A ferry service connects Yeongjong-do to the mainland. However, the dock is located a considerable distance from the airport. An alternative means of transport must be sought upon arriving at
6930-399: The line was officially closed. The Incheon Airport Maglev opened on 3 February 2016, and closed on 1 September 2023. The first phase was to be 6.1 km long, spread over six stations (but eight stations were built, spanning more than 8 km), taking riders from the airport toward the southwest of the island where a water park is located. Phase 2 was to be 9.7 km long, extending
7029-492: The market outlook, Airbus refined its design, targeting a 15–20% reduction in operating costs over the existing Boeing 747-400. The A3XX design converged on a double-decker layout that provided more passenger volume than a traditional single-deck design. Airbus did so in line with traditional hub-and-spoke theory, as opposed to the point-to-point theory with the Boeing 777 , after conducting an extensive market analysis with over 200 focus groups . Although early marketing of
7128-456: The older Gimpo International Airport , which now serves mostly domestic destinations and shuttle flights to several East Asian metropolitan areas, including Beijing–Capital , Kaohsiung , Osaka–Kansai , Shanghai–Hongqiao Taipei–Songshan and Tokyo–Haneda . Incheon International Airport is located west of Incheon 's city center, on an artificially created piece of land between Yeongjong and Yongyu Islands. A shallow sea originally separated
7227-460: The passenger version, and all orders for freighters were cancelled. Other proposed variants included an A380-900 stretch – seating about 656 passengers (or up to 960 passengers in an all-economy configuration) – and an extended-range version with the same passenger capacity as the A380-800. The A380 is offered with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 (A380-841/-842) or
7326-485: The production rate from eight per year in 2019 to six per year. On 15 May 2018, in its EU appeal ruling , a WTO ruling concluded that the A380 received improper subsidies through $ 9 billion of launch aids, but Airbus acknowledged that the threat posed to Boeing by the A380 is so marginal with 330 orders since its 2000 launch that any U.S. sanctions should be minimal, as previous rulings showed Boeing's exposure could be as little as $ 377 million. In 2018, unit cost
7425-464: The programme in 2000, the governments of France , Germany and the UK loaned Airbus 3.5 billion euros and refundable advances reached 5.9 billion euros ($ 7.3 billion). In February 2018, after an Emirates order secured production of the unprofitable programme for ten years, Airbus revised its deal with the three loan-giving governments to save $ 1.4 billion (17%) and restructured terms to lower
7524-540: The programme to continue for 20 to 30 years. In its 2017 half-year report, Airbus adjusted 2019 deliveries to eight aircraft. In November 2017, its chief executive Tom Enders was confident Airbus would still produce A380s in 2027 with more sales to come, and further develop it to keep it competitive beyond 2030. Airbus was profitable at a rate of 15 per year and is trying to drive breakeven down further but will take losses at eight per year. An order from Emirates for 36 A380s would have ensured production beyond 2020, but
7623-400: The project was announced in 1990 to challenge the dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long-haul market. The then-designated A3XX project was presented in 1994; Airbus launched the €9.5–billion ($ 10.7–billion) A380 programme on 19 December 2000. The first prototype was unveiled in Toulouse on 18 January 2005, with its first flight on 27 April 2005. It then obtained its type certificate from
7722-465: The ranking every year. ACI also rated the airport as the best airport in Asia-Pacific for 10 consecutive years from 2006 to 2016 until the ranking series ended in 2017. Its duty-free shopping mall has been rated the world's best for three years in a row in 2013 by Business Traveller. This airport has a golf course , spa , private sleeping rooms, an ice skating rink, a casino , indoor gardens ,
7821-449: The required 150% level. Airbus announced modifications adding 30 kg (66 lb) to the wing to provide the required strength. On 26 March 2006, the A380 underwent evacuation certification in Hamburg . With 8 of the 16 exits randomly blocked, 853 mixed passengers and 20 crew exited the darkened aircraft in 78 seconds, less than the 90 seconds required for certification. Three days later,
7920-451: The sale of each aircraft to cover the estimated $ 25 billion development cost of the programme. However, the $ 445 million price tag of each aircraft was not sufficient to even cover the production cost. With orders decreasing, the decision was made to cease production. Enders stated on 14 February 2019, "If you have a product that nobody wants anymore, or you can sell only below production cost, you have to stop it." One reason that
8019-474: The software. File conversion tools were initially developed by Airbus to help solve this problem; however, the digital mock-up was still unable to read the full technical design data. Furthermore, organisational culture was also cited as a cause of the production delays. The communication and reporting culture at the time frowned upon delivery of bad news, meaning Airbus was unable to take early actions to mitigate technical and production issues. Airbus announced
8118-491: The stations along the line provide connections to Incheon Subway , Seoul Metropolitan Subway , and Incheon Airport Maglev . For departing passengers, Seoul Station City Airport Terminal offers in-town early check-in service and has related immigration services before arriving at the airport. After CALT closed its in-town check-in operation at Gangnam in 2023, the Seoul Station City Airport Terminal
8217-629: The surface movement of large A380 structural components, a complex route known as the Itinéraire à Grand Gabarit was developed. This involved the construction of a fleet of roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ships and barges, the construction of port facilities and the development of new and modified roads to accommodate oversized road convoys. The front and rear fuselage sections are shipped on one of three RORO ships from Hamburg in northern Germany to Saint-Nazaire in France. The ship travels via Mostyn , Wales , where
8316-450: The time. The A3XX was pitted against the VLCT study and Boeing's own New Large Aircraft successor to the 747. In July 1995, the joint study with Boeing was abandoned, as Boeing's interest had declined due to analysis that such a product was unlikely to cover the projected $ 15 billion development cost. Despite the fact that only two airlines had expressed public interest in purchasing such
8415-568: The transatlantic testing, and then it went to El Dorado International Airport to test the engine operation in high-altitude airports. It arrived in North America on 6 February 2006, landing in Iqaluit , Nunavut, in Canada for cold-weather testing. On 14 February 2006, during the destructive wing strength certification test on MSN5000 , the test wing of the A380 failed at 145% of the limit load, short of
8514-475: The two islands. That area between the two islands was reclaimed for the construction project, effectively connecting the once-separate Yeongjong and Yongyu islands. The reclaimed area and the two islands are all part of Jung-gu, an administrative district of Incheon. The airport has 111 boarding gates altogether, with 44 in Terminal 1, 30 in Concourse A (connected to Terminal 1), and 37 in Terminal 2. This airport
8613-619: The wings are loaded. The wings are manufactured at Broughton in North Wales, then transported by barge to Mostyn docks for ship transport. In Saint-Nazaire, the ship exchanges the fuselage sections from Hamburg for larger, assembled sections, some of which include the nose. This ship unloads in Bordeaux . It then goes to pick up the belly and tail sections from Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA in Cádiz , Spain, and delivers them to Bordeaux. From there,
8712-457: Was US$ 445.6 million . In February 2019, the German government disclosed that it was conducting talks with Airbus regarding €600 million in outstanding loans. Following the decision to wind down the A380 programme, Europe argues that the subsidies in effect no longer exist and that no sanctions are warranted. Major structural sections of the A380 are built in France, Germany, Spain, and
8811-427: Was a break from previous Airbus families, which had progressed sequentially from A300 to A340. It was chosen because the number 8 resembles the double-deck cross section, and is a lucky number in many East Asian countries where the aircraft was being marketed. The aircraft configuration was finalised in early 2001, and manufacturing of the first A380 wing-box component started on 23 January 2002. The development cost of
8910-459: Was announced at the 1990 Farnborough Airshow , with the stated goal of 15% lower operating costs than the Boeing 747-400. Airbus organised four teams of designers, one from each of its partners ( Aérospatiale , British Aerospace , Deutsche Aerospace AG , CASA ) to propose new technologies for its future aircraft designs. The designs were presented in 1992 and the most competitive designs were used. In January 1993, Boeing and several companies in
9009-502: Was completed in 2012. This hospital serves nearby residents and some 30,000 medical tourists who come to Korea annually. Located 48 km (30 mi) west of Seoul , the capital and the largest city of South Korea, Incheon International Airport is the main hub for Korean Air , Asiana Airlines , Jeju Air , and Polar Air Cargo . The airport is a hub for international civilian air transportation and cargo traffic in East Asia. In 2016,
9108-550: Was confident the A380 would gain additional orders from existing or new operators, and saw opportunities in Asia and particularly in China where it is "under-represented". In 2019, Lufthansa had retired 6 of its 14 A380s due to their unprofitability. Later that year, Qatar Airways announced a switch from the A380 to the Boeing 777X starting from 2024. In February 2019, Airbus announced it would end A380 production by 2021, after its main customer, Emirates, agreed to drop an order for 39 of
9207-488: Was constructed in the northern field of the airport, and its existing cargo terminal and other infrastructures were expanded. The terminals are connected by the underground "Starline" train. Also, a Landside Connecting system (Bus shuttle) is used for airport employees and departing passengers who don't come to the right terminal. After completion, Incheon International Airport can handle 62 million passengers and 5,800,000 tonnes (5,708,398 long tons; 6,393,406 short tons) of cargo
9306-511: Was constructed to share the demand for air transport in the 21st century and to serve as a hub airport in Northeast Asia. International air traffic to South Korea increased after the 1988 Summer Olympics . In the 1990s, it became apparent that Gimpo International Airport could not cope with the increased air traffic. The government decided to build a new international airport to reduce the load on Gimpo International Airport. The new airport
9405-531: Was fired upon by two soldiers of the Republic of Korea Marine Corps as it came in to land at Incheon. A total of 99 rounds were discharged at the aircraft, which was out of range and made a safe landing without sustaining any damage. The soldiers had misidentified the aircraft as belonging to the North Korean military and were acting on orders that permitted them to engage without reference to senior officers, following
9504-624: Was initially scheduled for 1997 but delayed due to the Asian economic crisis . The airport was officially opened on 21 March 2001. On 15 November 2006, an Airbus A380 landed at the airport as part of the first leg of its certification trip. Tests on the runways, taxiways, and ramps showed that the airport could handle the aircraft. To further upgrade service, Incheon and major Korean logistics firm Hanjin Group (parent company of Korean Air ) agreed on 10 January 2008, to build Yeongjong Medical Centre, which
9603-488: Was originally planned to be built in three phases, incrementally increasing airport capacity as the demand grew. This was changed, however, to four phases after the airport was opened. In Phase 1, the airport had a capacity of 30 million passengers annually, and a cargo capacity of 1,700,000 tonnes (1,673,151 long tons; 1,873,929 short tons) annually. In this phase, a passenger terminal with a floor space of 496,000 square metres (5,338,900 sq ft), two parallel runways,
9702-548: Was originally planned to be located in Cheongju , 124 km (77 mi) southeast of Seoul, but due to its distance, it was opposed by Seoul and Gyeonggi citizens. Hwaseong , the other choice, was also rejected due to similar reasons. Finally, the area chosen was Incheon . In November 1992, the construction of the Incheon airport began on reclaimed land between Yeongjong Island and Youngyu Island. It took eight years to finish, with an additional six months for testing. Completion
9801-482: Was sufficient, as the air pressure pushed the door into the frame. At the July 2016 Farnborough Airshow , Airbus announced that in a "prudent, proactive step", starting in 2018, it expected to deliver 12 A380 aircraft per year, down from 27 deliveries in 2015. The firm also warned production might slip back into red ink (be unprofitable) on each aircraft produced at that time, though it anticipated production would remain in
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