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46-558: Incheon Bus Terminal , not far from Incheon City Hall, is the busiest bus station in Incheon, South Korea and the main gateway for intranational buses connecting Incheon city. It is operated by Incheon Transit Corporation which was founded by the city government. The terminal serves national routes operated by companies such as Samhwa Express  [ ko ] , as well as local and intercity buses. The eponymous subway station of Incheon Subway line 1 ( Incheon Bus Terminal Station ) and

92-520: A Lotte department store are located by the terminal. The area in front of the terminal is one of the most congested in Incheon. Nearby are Incheon Terminal Station Line 1, Lotte Department Store, and Lotte Mart, and there is a movie theater (Lotte Cinema). There is Rodeo Street in Guwol-dong, a nearby busy street. Originally, Incheon's bus terminal was operated with separate terminals for each operator around Dongincheon Station, but on September 25, 1975,

138-478: A bus terminal with 5,000 pyeong of land and 1,200 pyeong of basement was opened in the area of 614 Yonghyeon-dong, Nam-gu, near the terminus of Gyeongin Expressway . A five-story terminal above ground was completed. At that time, Kum-A Industries built it at a cost of approximately 600 million won at the time.  Afterwards, due to problems with narrow facilities and aging buildings due to expansion of development in

184-863: A centre for international business, trade, technology, and environmentally conscious urban living. Initially projected to be completed by 2020, some areas continue to be under development, with evolving projects and adjustments to the original master plan. Songdo houses various multinational companies and hosts several international institutions, including the Green Climate Fund . The city is also recognised for its smart city technologies and eco-friendly design, featuring extensive green spaces, smart infrastructure, and advanced waste management systems. As of 2012, Yeongjong International City , centred around Incheon International Airport , has been under development as an eco-friendly airport city. Originally scheduled for completion by 2020, certain projects are still ongoing as

230-422: A city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper , the extent of their urban area , or their metropolitan regions . A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper . UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from

276-458: A commercial and business hub of northeast Asia (see Free Economic Zone below). The official slogan of the program is "Smile with English." Incheon is home to a number of colleges and universities: Incheon has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cwa ) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm, and humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa , respectively) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. Like other metropolitan cities, Incheon has

322-714: A period of 80 days. It was a comprehensive international event with global institutions and corporations as participants. Various musicians and artists performed during the event. The city hosted a meeting of the G20 Finance Ministers in February 2010. Incheon was the site of the third Global Model United Nations Conference, held from 10 to 14 August 2011. It first hosted the Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in 2004 which expanded into welcoming international artists in its subsequent 2007, 2009 and 2011. Incheon hosted

368-413: A strong urban heat island effect. Incheon's climate is about average compared to the rest of Korea, with 8 locations being cooler and 10 locations being warmer, and with 9 locations being wetter and 9 locations being drier. Incheon experiences each of its four seasons, distinctly feeling the rise and fall of temperature and humidity. The temperature however, never rises to an extreme, and the climate of

414-528: Is home to the following professional and semi-professional sports teams: The K League 2 team Incheon United FC . The club was known to have a popular rivalry against former Bucheon SK (now Jeju United ), due to the teams' close geographical relationship. The K4 League team FC Namdong is based in the Namdong District of Incheon. List of metropolitan areas by population The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes

460-761: Is operated by the Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC). Korail has also constructed a new commuter rail line named Suin Line . The line opened in 2012 from Oido station in Siheung to Songdo station in Incheon. It was then extended in 2016, and now reaches Incheon station where passengers can transfer to Seoul Subway Line 1 . In 2020, the line was extended from Oido station to Suwon Station . SMRT (one of three operating companies of Seoul Metropolitan Subway) has extended Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 7 to Bupyeong-gu office by 2011 and provided transfers to

506-537: Is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage). According to Demographia , an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land . A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area , or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows: A formal local government area comprising

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552-656: Is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km , around the size of Austria . However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in a rural setting . A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area , without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF defines urban area as follows: The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of

598-591: The Asian Games in 2014. It hosted the 6th OECD World Forum in 2018. Incheon was designated as the World Book Capital for the year 2015 by UNESCO . On 27 February 2007, Incheon declared itself an "English City," and inaugurated the "Incheon Free English Zone" program. The goal of the program is to make the city as proficient in English as Singapore . This is for the ultimate purpose of establishing Incheon as

644-741: The Suin Line at Woninjae station , with the Incheon Subway Line 2 at Incheon City Hall station , and with Seoul Subway Line 7 at Bupyeong-gu Office station . Incheon Subway Line 2 opened in July 2016 and runs from Geomdan Oryu station to Unyeon station. The automated line is 29.2 kilometres (18.1 miles) long, and has 27 stations, including transfer stations at Geomam station with the AREX line, Juan station with Seoul Subway Line 1 and Incheon Subway Line 2 at Incheon City Hall station . The Incheon subway

690-603: The United States , metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In the Philippines , metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which manages Manila metropolitan area . Similar agencies exist in Indonesia , such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area . There are 81 cities in

736-534: The Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon is also a major transportation hub in northeast Asia, with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port. The large volume of port traffic makes Incheon a Large-Port Metropolis using the Southampton System of Port-City classification. The first historical record of

782-562: The Incheon Subway system. It has 3 stations within Incheon. By 2020, the line will further be extended westwards to Seoknam station where it will be possible to transfer to Incheon Subway Line 2. The Incheon Free Economic Zone ( IFEZ ) comprises the regions of Songdo , Cheongna , and Yeongjong Island, covering a total area of 51,739 acres (20,938 hectares). IFEZ was established to develop these areas into centres for logistics, international business, leisure, and tourism, aimed primarily at

828-586: The Incheon area dates back to 475 CE, during the reign of King Jangsu of Goguryeo , by the name of Michuhol , which is supposed to be located on modern Munhak Hill ( 문학산 ). The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. In Goryeo era, Incheon was called Gyeongwon ( 경원 ) or Inju ( 인주 ). The current name was turned to Incheon in 1413. Later, Incheon County became Incheon Metropolitan Prefecture (dohobu, 도호부 ). Old Incheon consisted of modern southern Incheon (i.e. Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Yeonsu District, and Namdong District) and

874-566: The Incheon area, it was moved to its current location upon the opening of the Shinsegae Department Store Incheon branch on November 6, 1998. The site of the old terminal located in Yonghyeon-dong was transformed into Yonghyeon-dong Daewoo Apartments and redeveloped in 2001. In May 2009, Incheon Transportation Corporation relocated the terminal to Unyeon-dong , Namdong-gu , Incheon Metropolitan City due to overcapacity of

920-479: The Japanese pronunciation of Incheon's Sino-Korean name. In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former center of Gwangyo) with Bupyeong County, forming Bucheon County. Between 1936 and 1940, some part of Bucheon County was recombined into Incheon, by which some part of "old" Bupyeong was annexed into Incheon. Incheon was originally part of Gyeonggi Province , but

966-750: The Northeast Asian region. The designation of " Free Economic Zone " refers to efforts to enhance the business environment for foreign enterprises and improve living conditions for expatriates. It was the first zone of its kind in South Korea, formally designated in August 2003. The region includes infrastructure for air and sea transportation, logistics, international business, financial services, and residential facilities, alongside educational, medical, and leisure amenities. Development of Songdo International City began in 1994 on reclaimed land and has been intended as

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1012-523: The area continues to evolve. The development aims to combine logistical facilities with residential, business, and tourism sectors, leveraging its proximity to the airport. Cheongna , located on the mainland near Yeongjong Island, is designed to focus on entertainment and leisure. It includes residential zones, sports facilities, and a business district catering to international finance. Although initially slated for completion by 2008, development timelines have since been extended, with some projects, such as

1058-438: The city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government . Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs. The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of

1104-452: The city is essentially mild. Incheon is swept by the seasonal winds as the northwesterly winds strike the city in the winter and the summer in Incheon is affected by gusts of the warm southwesterly winds. Incheon forms the heart of Capital Industrial Region. During the industrialization of South Korea, several industrial complexes were built throughout the city, and as a result, the city was largely dependent on manufacturing industry. But with

1150-416: The city, Jemulpo (alternatively Romanized as Chemulpo ), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883. It was frequently used until the Japanese annexation. After the opening of the Incheon port, the city center moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered "Original Incheon" ( 원인천 ). It was internationally known as Jinsen during Japanese rule , based on

1196-558: The current bus terminal located in Gwangyo-dong, and established a plan to redevelop the current location using private capital, but this was virtually canceled. Instead of planning to redevelop the existing site after relocating the terminal, Incheon Transportation Corporation sold the terminal to Lotte Group in September 2012 to solve financial difficulties. As a result, Shinsegae Department Store Incheon Branch closed on December 28, 2018, and

1242-407: The designation of Incheon Free Economic Zone in 2003, the city is now making an effort to foster new growth industries. Major industrial parks include Bupyeong industrial complex, which hosts GM Incheon plant(formerly a GM Daewoo Incheon plant), Juan industrial complex, and Namdong Industrial complex. In recent years, bio industry is emerging as a new growth industry of the city. Currently, with

1288-514: The development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area , along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province , forming the world's fourth-largest metropolitan area by population . Incheon has since led the economic development of South Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in

1334-640: The expansion of Incheon Port. Incheon is a major domestic and international transport hub for Korea. Incheon International Airport is South Korea's primary international airport and a regional air hub. In 2015, it was the world's 22nd busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 49,412,750 passengers. There were a total of 305,446 flights (300,634 international, 4,812 domestic) to and from Incheon International Airport in 2015, an average of 837 flights (824 international, 13 domestic) daily. Korea's two main carriers, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines , serviced 50.9% of flights, while low-cost and foreign carriers serviced

1380-454: The following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there

1426-551: The modernization of South Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as South Korea's first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone , including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry. As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large-scale international conferences, such as

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1472-623: The neighboring cities of Bucheon , Gimpo , Seoul , and Siheung . Local service to Guro , Seoul , Cheongnyangni , Uijeongbu and Soyosan is offered by Seoul's subway Line 1 . The line has 11 stations within Incheon and connects to the Incheon Subway at Bupyeong and Juan stations. Rapid service on the same line to Yongsan station in Seoul depart from Dongincheon station and stops at major stations. The Airport Express ( AREX ) line runs from Incheon International Airport to Seoul Station via Gimpo International Airport . The Incheon-Gimpo section

1518-599: The newly built Suin Line to bring KTX service to Incheon station by 2021. The Incheon Subway has two subway lines serving the city. The first line connects to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system at Bupyeong station ( Seoul Subway Line 1 ), and AREX line at Gyeyang station . It connects International Business District station in Songdo to Gyeyang station. The line has 28 stations on 29.4 kilometres (18.3 miles) of track. The line also has transfer stations with

1564-476: The northern part of Siheung . The city center was Gwangyo-dong, where the prefecture office ( 도호부청사 ) and the local academy (hyanggyo, 향교 ) were located. The "original" two remaining buildings of the Incheon prefecture office are located in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from Munhak Baseball Stadium . Another historical name of

1610-611: The period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City ( 인천광역시 ), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic , Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. As of February 2020, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea's third-most-populous city after Seoul and Busan . The city's growth has been assured in modern times with

1656-424: The population working or studying in the city lives. Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly from the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the core urban area into suburban and rural areas. The Chinese municipality of Chongqing , which

1702-527: The port offers ferries to five cities in China : Dalian , Qingdao , Tianjin , Dandong , and Weihai . There are also ferries to Incheon's outlying islands as well as Baengnyeongdo inside of the Northern Limit Line . Incheon Bus Terminal , located at its eponymous subway stop, offers express bus transportation to all parts of Korea. Many city bus lines offer transportation within city limits as well as to

1748-618: The remaining 49.1% of flights. The airport is experiencing a rapid increase in passengers, and the opening of Terminal 2 in December 2017 spurred additional traffic. The airport was also featured in the Korean drama series, "Air City." Incheon International Airport ranked "5th in the world" among international airports in late 2018. Incheon's sea port is the second largest port in Korea after Busan Port . The International Passenger Terminal located at

1794-464: The theme park, still in the planning or early construction stages. Incheon is divided into 8 districts ( gu ) and 2 counties ( gun ). Religion in Incheon (2015) According to the 2015 census, 32.6% of the population follow Christianity (23.1% Protestantism and 9.5% Catholicism ) and 8.7% follow Buddhism . 57.9% of the population is irreligious. 0.8% of the population follow other religions including Islam , Muism , and Confucianism . Incheon

1840-425: The total production capacity of 330kℓ per year, the city ranks 2nd in the world by production capacity along with San Francisco , United States. The capacity is under expansion, and after completion in 2018, the city will rank 1st with the production capacity of 510kℓ. Also, logistics industry is also experiencing a rapid growth, thanks to Incheon Airport , which was ranked fourth in the world by cargo traffic, and

1886-590: The urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities). In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In

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1932-441: Was granted Directly Governed (now Metropolitan) City status on 1 July 1981; the city officially separated from the province. In 1989, neighboring islands and Gyeyang township of Gimpo County were ceded to Incheon and in 1995 Geomdan township of Gimpo County and two counties of Ganghwa and Onjin were annexed to Incheon. Incheon was known as Inchon prior to South Korea's adoption of a new Romanization system in 2000. The city

1978-570: Was opened in March 2007 and was extended to Seoul station in December 2010. Passengers can choose a high-speed service stopping only at Incheon airport and Seoul, which takes 43 minutes but departs only every half-hour; or the all-station service which takes 53 minutes but leaves every six minutes. KTX service was introduced on the AREX line on 30 June 2014, with stops at Incheon International Airport station and Geomam station . There are additional plans to use

2024-554: Was recaptured on 19 September 1950. USS  Inchon was named after the tide-turning battle that ensued. Prior to and during the June Democratic Movement in 1987, Incheon was the site of several pro-democracy protests. Incheon has also hosted a series of major international events. The Global Fair & Festival 2009 Incheon was held in the Songdo District in August 2009. It was open from 7 August to 25 October for

2070-709: Was renamed Lotte Department Store Incheon Terminal Branch from January 4, 2019. During the change process, the existing Lotte Department Store Incheon branch located in Guwol-dong, opposite, was sold and changed to Elios Department Store. This bus station-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transport in South Korea is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Incheon Incheon ( Korean :  인천 ; Korean pronunciation: [intɕʰʌ̹n] ; or Inch'ŏn ; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o ( Korean :  제물포 ) until

2116-692: Was the site of the Battle of Chemulpo Bay , where the first shots of the Russo-Japanese War were fired. During the Korean War , Incheon was occupied by North Korean troops on 4 July 1950. Incheon was the site of the Battle of Inchon when the United States troops landed to relieve pressure on the Pusan Perimeter and to launch a United Nations offensive northward. The result was a decisive UN victory and it

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