A manual labor college was a type of school in the United States , primarily between 1825 and 1860, in which work, usually agricultural or mechanical, supplemented academic activity.
67-480: The Inamori Ethics Prize is an annual award presented by the Inamori International Center for Ethics and Excellence at Case Western Reserve University . The prize honors exemplary ethical international leaders "whose actions and influence have greatly improved the condition of humankind". The prize was first awarded in 2008 to Dr. Francis Collins , an American physician who is credited with discovering
134-517: A 2008 appeal. In 2007, the university's board of trustees approved a shift back to giving equal weight to "Case" and "Western Reserve". A new logo was chosen and implementation began July 1. In an open letter to the university community, interim president Eastwood admitted that "the university had misplaced its own history and traditions." The "Forward Thinking" campaign was launched in 2011 by President Barbara Snyder and raised $ 1 billion in 30 months. The board of trustees unanimously agreed to expand
201-575: A mass of facts and information of great value and interest, and cannot fail, we think, to be instrumental in diffusing more correct and enlightened views on the important subject on which it treats. Weld recommended Cincinnati , which he visited twice, as "the logical location [for the new school]. Cincinnati was the focal center of population and commerce in the Ohio valley." The new and barely-functioning Lane Seminary in Walnut Hills, Ohio , near Cincinnati,
268-836: A medium of travel, was conducted in the basement of a Western Reserve University dormitory in 1887, and Albert A. Michelson became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in science. As of April 2024, 2 Surgeons General of the United States , 1 Justice of the United States Supreme Court , 18 heads of state , 5 Olympic medallists , 1 NASA astronaut , 3 billionaires, 69 appointees to the National Academies , and 17 Nobel laureates are numbered among Case Western Reserve University faculty or alumni, or one of its predecessors prior to federation. Western Reserve College,
335-529: A number of genes associated with human diseases. The Inamori Ethics prize is also awarded with a monetary award, which is to be used in the recipients' ongoing projects. Each year, the honoree of the prize delivers a public lecture about their ongoing work at Case Western Reserve University. In years in which the Inamori Ethics Prize is not awarded, the Inamori Center's Conversations on JUSTICE series
402-452: A number of hours daily, in which nothing is required of the student." The only known activities of the Society were hiring Weld for the year 1832, hosting him as speaker, and publishing his report. According to its constitution, it was "the object of this society to collect and diffuse information, calculated to promote the establishment and prosperity of manual labor schools and seminaries in
469-741: A number of programs taught in conjunction with other University Circle institutions, including University Hospitals , the Cleveland Clinic , the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland Institute of Music , the Cleveland Hearing & Speech Center , the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Cleveland Institute of Art , the Cleveland Museum of Natural History . Severance Hall , home of
536-786: A provision for the purchase of land in the University Circle area, adjacent to Western Reserve University, for the Case School of Applied Science. The school relocated to University Circle in 1885. In 1921 Albert Einstein came to the Case campus during his first visit to the United States, out of respect for the physics work performed there. Besides noting the research done in the Michelson–Morley experiment , Einstein also met with physics professor Dayton Miller to discuss his own research. During World War II , Case School of Applied Science
603-480: A resolution expressing its support for the New England Anti-Slavery Society 's resolution calling for a manual labor school "in some most eligible portion of New England", to address "the general want of mental cultivation of the colored population of our country". Although a variety of colleges incorporated manual labor to some degree, in most cases it was abandoned after only a few years, and it
670-545: A school with professional programs and liberal arts, came together to form Case Western Reserve University. In 1968, the Department of Biomedical Engineering launched as a newly unified collaboration between the School of Engineering and School of Medicine as the first in the nation and as one of the first Biomedical Engineering programs in the world. The following year in 1969, the first Biomedical Engineering MD/PhD program in
737-476: A special unit for part-time and adult students in downtown Cleveland . By the 1960s, Reserve President John Schoff Millis and Case President T. Keith Glennan shared the idea that federation would create a complete university, one better able to attain national distinction. Financed by the Carnegie Corporation , Cleveland Foundation , Greater Cleveland Associated Foundation , and several local donors,
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#1732877296541804-470: A study commission of national leaders in higher education and public policy was charged with exploring the idea of federation. The Heald Commission, so known for its chair, former Ford Foundation President Henry T. Heald , predicted in its final report that a federation could create one of the largest private universities in the nation. In 1967, Case Institute of Technology, a school with its emphasis on engineering and science, and Western Reserve University,
871-407: A summary of his report: He endeavors to show, in the first place, that the present system of education makes fearful havoc of health and life — that it effeminates the mind — that it is perilous to morals — that it produces an indisposition to effort, and destroys habits of activity and industry — and that it is so expensive that its practical effects are antirepublican. From these premises he derives
938-497: A yield rate of 13.8%. Of the 43% of incoming students in 2023 who submitted SAT scores, the total interquartile range was 1440–1530; of the 23% of incoming students in 2023 who submitted ACT scores, the interquartile range of composite scores was 32–35. Of all matriculating students, the average high school GPA was 3.8. 71% of admitted students graduated in the top 10% of their high school class. In U.S. News & World Report ' s 2025 rankings , Case Western Reserve
1005-604: Is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , in 2019 the university had research and development (R&D) expenditures of $ 439 million, ranking it 20th among private institutions and 58th in the nation. Case alumni, scientists, and scholars have played significant roles in many scientific breakthroughs and discoveries including
1072-470: Is a predecessor of the land-grant university , a generation later. And in 1917, Oberlin graduate L. L. Nunn founded Deep Springs College , which incorporates a version of the manual labor model into its governing philosophy. A considerable list of other manual labor schools, and not just in Indiana, is found on pp. 74–77 of Richard Gause Boone's A History of Education in Indiana (1892). Boone calls
1139-645: Is held. Source: Case Western Reserve University Case Western Reserve University ( CWRU ) is a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio , United States. It was established in 1967 by a merger between Western Reserve University and the Case Institute of Technology. Case Western Reserve University comprises eight schools that offer more than 100 undergraduate programs and about 160 graduate and professional options across fields in STEM, medicine, arts, and
1206-505: Is noted (among other fields) for research in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering . The Michelson–Morley interferometer experiment was conducted in 1887 in the basement of a campus dormitory by Albert A. Michelson of Case School of Applied Science and Edward W. Morley of Western Reserve University. Michelson became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science. Also in 2018, The Hollywood Reporter ranked CWRU's Department of Theater Master of Fine Arts program with
1273-537: The Case School of Applied Science . Classes began on September 15, 1881. The school received its charter by the state of Ohio in 1882. For the first four years of the school's existence, it was located in the Case family's home on Rockwell Street in downtown Cleveland . Classes were held in the family house, while the chemistry and physics laboratories were on the second floor of the barn. Amasa Stone 's gift to relocate Western Reserve College to Cleveland also included
1340-832: The Cleveland Orchestra , is on the Case Western Reserve campus. The Case Quadrangle, known also to students as the Engineering Quad, contains most engineering and science buildings, notably the John D. Rockefeller Physics Building. The Case Quad also houses administration buildings, including Adelbert Hall . The Michelson–Morley experiment occurred here, commemorated by a marker and the Michelson-Morley Memorial Fountain . The southernmost edge consists of athletic areas— Adelbert Gymnasium , Van Horn Field and
1407-557: The Cleveland Play House as 18th in the English-speaking world. In 2019, this ranking improved to 12th. In 2014, Washington Monthly ranked Case Western Reserve University as the 9th best National University, but in the 2018 rankings, Case Western Reserve was ranked the 118th best National University. In 2013, Washington Monthly ranked Case Western Reserve as the nation's 4th best National University for contributing to
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#17328772965411474-488: The Weatherhead School of Management where he then killed graduate student Norman Wallace and wounded two professors. Halder took people in the building hostage, and they ran and barricaded themselves and hid during the seven hours that the gunman roamed the building, shooting indiscriminately. He was finally apprehended by a SWAT team. Halder was convicted on multiple felony counts and sentenced to life in prison; he lost
1541-597: The commencement speech in 1854. In 1838, the Loomis Observatory was built by astronomer Elias Loomis , and today remains the second oldest observatory in the United States, and the oldest still in its original location. In 1852, the Medical School became the second school in the United States to graduate a woman, Nancy Talbot Clark . Five more women graduated over the next four years, including Emily Blackwell and Marie Zakrzewska , giving Western Reserve
1608-661: The discovery of gravitational waves ; the invention of the MRI ; the first external defibrillator ; isolation of the poliovirus ; the collaboration between the Case Institute of Technology and the Harshaw Chemical Company which enriched a majority of the uranium used in the Manhattan Project ; the Michelson-Morley experiment , which disproved the existence of "luminiferous aether" and confirmed that light did not need
1675-776: The Red Line connects campus to Cleveland Hopkins Airport and Downtown Cleveland . The bus rapid transit (BRT) HealthLine runs down the center of campus along Euclid Ave . Numerous RTA bus routes run through campus. The university in its present form consists of eight schools that offer more than 100 undergraduate programs and about 160 graduate and professional options. CWRU also supports over 100 interdisciplinary academic and research centers in various fields. The undergraduate student body hails from all 50 states and over 90 countries. The six most popular majors are biomedical engineering , biology / biological sciences , nursing , mechanical engineering , and psychology . Since 2016,
1742-426: The United States, and to introduce the system of manual labor into institutions now established." The Society's charge to Weld is lost, but to judge from his 100-page, carefully organized report, he was charged with traveling and investigating manual labor education as it then existed, and making suggestions for its improvement and prosperity. "We wish you to keep a minute and accurate journal of your tour, embracing all
1809-707: The Veale Convocation, Recreation and Athletic Center (commonly referred to as the Veale Center). The Veale Center houses the Horsburgh Gymnasium and the Veale Natatorium. The Flora Stone Mather Quadrangle is located north of Euclid Avenue between East Blvd., East 115th Street, and Juniper Road. The Flora Stone Mather College Historic District is more strictly defined by the area between East Blvd, Bellflower Road, and Ford Road north of Euclid Avenue. Named for
1876-422: The beginning of a term. These "colleges" usually included what we would today (2019) call high school ("preparatory") as well as college-level instruction. At the time, the only public schools were at the elementary level, and there were no rules distinguishing colleges from high schools. The four states with the largest number of such schools were New York , Ohio , Indiana , and Illinois . George W. Gale
1943-592: The campaign to $ 1.5 billion, which reached its mark in 2017. The campaign ultimately raised $ 1.82 billion. A 2020 United States presidential debate , the first of two, was held at the Samson Pavilion of the Health Education Campus (HEC), shared by the Cleveland Clinic . In February 2020, president Barbara Snyder was appointed the president of Association of American Universities (AAU). Later that year, former Tulane University president Scott Cowen
2010-725: The college of the Connecticut Western Reserve , was founded in 1826 in Hudson, Ohio , as the Western Reserve College and Preparatory School . Western Reserve College, or "Reserve" as it was popularly called, was the first college in northern Ohio. The school was called "Yale of the West"; its campus, now that of the Western Reserve Academy , imitated that of Yale. It had the same motto, "Lux et Veritas" (Light and Truth),
2077-422: The conclusions — 1st, That bodily exercise is indispensable to man, demanded alike by the necessities of his corporeal, intellectual, and moral nature, his individual happiness and social usefulness: and 2d, this exercise should be incorporated into our systems of education and alternated with study in all seminaries of learning. He next considers the arrangements of time for this exercise, the amount to be taken, and
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2144-416: The distinction of graduating six of the first eight female physicians in the United States. By 1875, Cleveland had emerged as the dominant population and business center of the region, and the city wanted a prominent higher education institution. In 1882, with funding from Amasa Stone , Western Reserve College moved to Cleveland and changed its name to Adelbert College of Western Reserve University. Adelbert
2211-404: The facts which you collect, with such remarks and inferences as you may think proper." He was also "to ascertain to what extent the manual labor system was suited to conditions in the West" (the Ohio valley). He was "to find a site for a great national manual labor institution where training for the western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men who had dedicated their lives to
2278-559: The famous Michelson–Morley experiment . There had been some discussion of a merger of the two institutions as early as 1890, but those talks dissolved quickly. In the 1920s, the Survey Commission on Higher Education in Cleveland took a strong stand in favor of federation and the community was behind the idea as well, but in the end all that came of the study was a decision by the two institutions to cooperate in founding Cleveland College,
2345-414: The health and constitution of our young men; greatly augments their physical energy; furnishes to a considerable extent or entirely, the means of self-education; increases their power of intellectual acquisition; facilitates their actual progress in study; removes the temptation of idleness; confirms their habit of industry; gives them a practical acquaintance with the useful employments of life; fits them for
2412-530: The home missionary cause in the 'vast valley of the Mississippi.'" In Weld's January, 1833, report to the Society he stated that "In prosecuting the business of my agency, I have traveled during the year four thousand five hundred and seventy-five miles miles [7,364 km]; in public conveyances [boat and stagecoach], 2,630 [4,230 km]; on horseback, 1,800 [2,900 km]; on foot, 145 [233 km]. I have made two hundred and thirty-six public addresses." A newspaper published
2479-538: The humanities. In 2024, the university enrolled 12,475 students (6,528 undergraduate plus 5,947 graduate and professional) from all 50 states and 106 countries and employed more than 1,182 full-time faculty members. The university's athletic teams, Case Western Reserve Spartans, play in NCAA Division III as a founding member of the University Athletic Association . Case Western Reserve University
2546-427: The idea of integrating learning and labor, in practice the two did not reinforce each other, but rather competed, to their mutual disadvantage. ..."They rested on their hoes in the cornfield to look into their inner consciousnesses, and the manual labor cause suffered in the interests of philosophy." However, "the 'manual labor' movement waxed and waned in the 1830s, but in one form or another, its ideas never died." It
2613-549: The importance of this System of Education. It will be to the moral world what the lever of Archimedes , could he have found a fulcrum, would have been to the natural." As he put it slightly later, in his circular and plan for Knox College , "the manual labor system, if properly sustained and conducted, ...is peculiarly adapted...to qualify men for the self-denying and arduous duties of the gospel ministry, especially in our new settlements and missionary fields abroad." Theodore Dwight Weld had studied under Gale for three years, and
2680-551: The kind of exercise best adapted to accomplish all the objects desired. He points out the objections to some of the more common modes of exercise, and then proceeds to show the benefits of the Manual Labor System, as furnishing exercise natural to man, and adapted to interest the mind — as peculiarly happy in its moral effects, furnishing the student with important practical acquisitions; promoting habits of industry, independence and originality of character; rendering permanent all
2747-450: The manlier features of character; affording facilities to the student in acquiring a knowledge of human nature; greatly diminishing the expense of education; increasing the wealth of the country; tending to do away [with] those absurd distinctions in sociely which make the occupation of an individual the standard of his worth; and finally, as having a tendency to render permanent our republican institutions. The objections commonly urged against
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2814-510: The muscular system, and the state of the affections and operations of the mind, has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Facts show its existence and importance. According to the trustees of the Lane Seminary : [I]t is to the directors no longer a matter of experiment, but of sober fact, resulting from three or four years experience, that the connexion of three hours daily labor in some useful and interesting employment, with study, protects
2881-571: The philanthropist wife of prominent industrialist Samuel Mather and sister-in-law of the famous statesman John Hay , the Mather Quad is home to Weatherhead School of Management , School of Law , Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences , and many departments of the College of Arts and Sciences . The Kelvin Smith Library, Thwing Center, and Tinkham Veale Student Center (known also as "The Tink") sit on
2948-516: The public good. The publication's ranking was based upon a combination of factors including social mobility, research, and service. In 2009, the school had ranked 15th. Although Washington Monthly no longer ranks contributions to the public good as such, in its 2018 rankings of National Universities Case Western Reserve was ranked 180th in Social mobility and 118th in Service. In 2013, Case Western Reserve
3015-476: The same entrance standards, and nearly the same curriculum. It was different from Yale in that it was a manual labor college , in which students were required to perform manual labor, seen as psychologically beneficial. Western Reserve College's founders sought to instill in students an "evangelical ethos" and train ministers for Ohio, where there was an acute shortage of them. The college was located in Hudson because
3082-438: The schools more viable economically. The work was seen as morally beneficial as well as healthful; at the time, this was innovative and egalitarian thinking. The inventive power , which is a modification of the same principle [of suggestion], is greatly invigorated by that healthful energy of the circulation, which is produced by bodily exercise. ...The law of connection between the healthful, vigorous and locomotive powers of
3149-570: The system are examined and answered; and the obstacles which at present retard its progress and success are pointed out. The reasoning and suggestions of Mr. Weld on the various topics embraced in his report, are forcible and full of interest. In support of his different positions he has introduced a great number of extracts containing the views and sentiments of the most distinguished physicians and litarary men connected with public institutions, whoso experience nnd opportunities for observation give great weight to their testimony. The whole pamphlet embodies
3216-426: The toils and responsabilities of a new-settled country; and inspires them with the independence of character, and the originality of investigation, which belong peculiarly to self-made and self-educated men.... At the close of the session the students, instead of feeling worn out by their efforts, exhibited as much intellectual and physical energy, and as great an elasticity as is usually found in literary institutions at
3283-424: The top fields for graduating CWRU undergraduate students have been engineering, nursing, research and science, accounting and financial services, and information technology. In 2023, the university received 39,039 applications. It extended offers of admission to 11,193 applicants, or 28.7%. 73% of admitted students were from outside Ohio and 13% from outside the United States. 1,544 accepted students chose to enroll,
3350-585: The topic and then resigned, expecting that he would be fired. President Charles Backus Storrs took a leave of absence for health, and soon died. One of the two remaining professors, Elizur Wright , soon left to head the American Anti-Slavery Society . Western Reserve was the first college west of the Appalachian Mountains to enroll (1832) and graduate (1836) an African-American student, John Sykes Fayette . Frederick Douglass gave
3417-428: The town made the largest financial offer to help in its construction. That town, about 30 miles southeast of Cleveland, had been an antislavery center from the beginning: its founder, David Hudson , was against slavery, and founding trustee Owen Brown was a noted abolitionist who secured the location for the college. The abolitionist John Brown , who would lead the 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry , grew up in Hudson and
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#17328772965413484-455: The university's ability to recruit and maintain high-quality faculty, fund-raising and leadership." Also, the logo was derided among the university's community and alumni and throughout northeastern Ohio; critics said it looked like "...a fat man with a surfboard." On May 9, 2003, the 2003 Case Western Reserve University shooting occurred when Biswanath Halder entered the Peter B. Lewis Building of
3551-852: The western edge of the Mather Quad. On and near campus, CircleLink is a free public shuttle service in University Circle and Little Italy. Colloquially, the shuttle buses are known as Greenies . To supplement evening and nighttime hours, the Safe Ride Program provides personal pickup of students and staff upon request. For city public transit , rail and bus access are managed by the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA). Unlimited use RTA passes are provided to undergraduate and full-time graduate students. The two Red Line rapid train stations are Little Italy–University Circle and Cedar–University . Notably,
3618-501: The world began at Case Western Reserve. The first computer engineering degree program in the United States was established in 1971 at Case Western Reserve. In 2003, the university unveiled a new logo and branding campaign that emphasized the "Case" portion of its name. In 2006, interim university president Gregory Eastwood convened a task group to study reactions to the campaign. The panel's report indicated that it had gone so poorly that, "There appear to be serious concerns now about
3685-485: Was "a living, breathing, and eloquently-speaking exhibit of the results of manual-labor-with-study," the brothers, trying to support and encourage him, hired him for a year as an agent of the manual labor movement. For the purpose they created in 1831 a Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions , "literary institutions" being non-theological schools, as in "In every literary institution there are
3752-414: Was all but gone by 1850. According to Herbert Lull, the reasons for its failure are: As summarized by Geoffrey Blodgett in his analysis of its quick disappearance at Oberlin: It proved unworkable in both economic and educational terms. Student labor was simply too expensive and inefficient. It cost more to raise crops than it did to buy produce from local farmers. Furthermore, however beautiful in theory
3819-539: Was also ranked 32nd among U.S. universities—and 29th among private institutions—in the inaugural 2016 edition of The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education (WSJ/THE) rankings, but ranked tied for 39th among U.S. universities in 2019. Case Western Reserve University's biochemistry program is jointly administered with the CWRU School of Medicine , and was ranked 14th nationally in the latest rankings by Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research . Case Western Reserve
3886-564: Was among the Top 25 LGBT-Friendly Colleges and Universities, according to Campus Pride. The recognition follows Case Western Reserve's first five-star ranking on the Campus Pride Index, a detailed survey of universities' policies, services and institutional support for LGBT individuals. Manual labor college The manual labor model was intended to make educational opportunities more widely available to students with limited means, and to make
3953-470: Was appointed interim president. On October 29, 2020, Eric W. Kaler , former University of Minnesota president, was appointed as the new Case Western Reserve University president, effective July 1, 2021. Case Western Reserve University's main campus is approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of Downtown Cleveland in the neighborhood known as University Circle , an area containing many educational, medical, and cultural institutions. Case Western Reserve has
4020-622: Was coincidentally looking for students. On Weld's recommendation, the Tappans chose it as the site for a national institution. See Lane Theological Seminary for more on it. With Weld very much at the head of it, the first national debate on slavery in the United States was held there, followed by the first organized student movement; students resigned en masse , many going to the new Oberlin Collegiate Institute . The New Hampshire Anti-Slavery Society , at its first convention, in 1834, passed
4087-405: Was convinced of the wisdom of the manual labor movement, which he recommended unsuccessfully to Hamilton College . He was a highly successful young lecturer on temperance , and caught the attention of the philanthropist Tappan brothers, Arthur and Lewis . They invited him to New York and tried to get him to accept an appointment as minister, but he declined, saying he was not prepared. Since he
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#17328772965414154-509: Was founded, to eventually become the Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering. Although the trustees of Case Institute of Technology and Western Reserve University did not formally federate their institutions until 1967, the institutions already shared buildings and staff when necessary and worked together often. One such example was seen in 1887, when Case physicist Albert Michelson and Reserve chemist Edward Morley collaborated on
4221-536: Was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. Over time, the Case School of Applied Science expanded to encompass broader subjects, adopting the name Case Institute of Technology in 1947 to reflect the institution's growth. Led by polymer expert Eric Baer in 1963, the nation's first stand-alone Polymer Science and Engineering program
4288-529: Was ranked as tied for 51st among national universities and 160th among global universities. The 2020 edition of The Wall Street Journal / Times Higher Education (WSJ/THE) rankings ranked Case Western Reserve as 52nd among US colleges and universities. In 2018, Case Western Reserve was ranked 37th in the category American "national universities" and 146th in the category "global universities" by U.S. News & World Report . In 2019 U.S. News ranked it tied for 42nd and 152nd, respectively. Case Western Reserve
4355-497: Was the founder of the first and best-known American example, the Oneida Institute of Science and Industry , and he thought the concept was his, although there are European predecessors. He and many of the other pious Yankees were persuaded that manual labor was to be the central practical feature of the coming American, Christian program of education. In 1830 Gale wrote: "Depend on it, Brother Finney , none of us have estimated
4422-411: Was the name of Stone's son. In 1877, Leonard Case Jr. began laying the groundwork for the Case School of Applied Science by secretly donating valuable pieces of Cleveland real estate to a trust. He asked his confidential advisor, Henry Gilbert Abbey, to administer the trust and to keep it secret until after his death in 1880. On March 29, 1880, articles of incorporation were filed for the founding of
4489-516: Was the son of co-founder Owen Brown. Hudson was a major stop on the Underground Railroad . Along with Presbyterian influences of its founding, the school's origins were strongly though briefly associated with the pre- Civil War abolitionist movement; the abolition of slavery was the dominant topic on campus in 1831. The trustees were unhappy with the situation. The college's chaplain and Bible professor, Beriah Green , gave four sermons on
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