An elteber ( Old Turkic : 𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼 , romanized: elteber or (h)elitbär ; Chinese 頡利發 xié-lì-fā < EMCh : * γεt-li-puat ) was a client king of an autonomous but tributary tribe or polity in the hierarchy of the Turkic khaganates including Khazar Khaganate .
6-523: In the case of the Khazar Khaganate , the rulers of such vassal peoples as the Volga Bulgars (only until 969, after that they were independent and created a powerful state), Burtas and North Caucasian Huns were titled elteber or some variant such as Ilutwer , Ilutver ( North Caucasian Huns ), Yiltawar or İltäbär ( Volga Bulgaria ) (until 969). An Elteber ( Almış ) is known to have met
12-533: A non-Turkic origin for the title. Róna-Tas (2016:72–73) proposes an Iranian etymology; he compares the Turkic title (H)elteber to Manichean Bactrian l’dβr , Written Sogdian δātβar , Sogdian ryttpyr / dyttpyr (* litbir ), etc. from Middle Iranian * lātbär < Old Iranian * dāta-bara "who brings the law", ultimately from Proto-Indo-European roots * dʰēH "to put, place" & bʰer- "to bring", respectively. This article related to Central Asian history
18-524: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Khaganate A khanate or khaganate is a type of historic polity ruled by a khan , khagan , khatun , or khanum . Khanates were typically nomadic Turkic , Mongol and Tatar societies located on the Eurasian Steppe , politically equivalent in status to kinship-based chiefdoms and feudal monarchies . Khanates and khaganates were organised tribally , where leaders gained power on
24-614: The famous Muslim traveller Ibn Fadlan and requested assistance from the Abbasids of Baghdad . The earliest extant mention of the term is for a ruler of the North Caucasian Huns in the 680s, referred to in Christian sources from Caucasian Albania as Alp Ilutuer . The title was also mentioned in Letter to Kültegin in 732. It was used by rulers of pre-Islamic Volga Bulgaria during
30-638: The period of their vassalage to the Khazars. Rásonyi (1942:92), apud Golden (1980:149), glossed an "il teber" as "one who steps on the il at the head of conquered tribes"; with il descending from Proto-Turkic * ēl "realm" (Clauson, 1972:121; Sevortijan, 1974:339) whereas täbär from Turkic root * täp- "to kick with foot" (or * tep- / * dēp- "to stamp, tramp"). However, Erdal (2007:81-82) objects to Rásonyi's proposal: Erdal points out that "the Orkhon Turkic aorist of täp- would be täpär " and instead suggests
36-514: The support and loyalty of their warrior subjects, gaining tribute from subordinates as realm funding. In comparison to a khanate, a khaganate, the realm of a khagan , was a large nomadic state maintaining subjugation over numerous smaller khanates. The title of khagan, translating as "Khan of the Khans", roughly corresponds in status to that of an emperor. The Mongol Empire was the largest steppe nomadic Khaganate as well as second largest empire and
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