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61-527: The party was founded in 1986 by Senator Adlai Stevenson III in reaction to the Democratic Party 's nomination of two followers of Lyndon LaRouche in the race for high state offices: Mark Fairchild , who was running for Lieutenant Governor , and Janice Hart , who was running for Illinois Secretary of State . Stevenson, a Democratic candidate for Illinois Governor , did not want to run alongside anybody associated with LaRouche's organization. There are

122-450: A combined Oxford and Cambridge team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world. As with other Ivy League universities, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships . Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875 and is usually called simply " The Game ". While Harvard's football team

183-452: A letter to Jewish leader Hyman Bookbinder in 1980, Stevenson wrote: "It is the Israeli lobby, led by AIPAC, which I deplore. It does not speak for all Jewry, including Israeli Jewry. Yet it exercises an inordinate degree of influence with weak public officials. I deplore their subservience to the vagaries of a foreign government." Stevenson was encouraged to run for president in 1976 , which

244-504: A number of explanations as to how LaRouche's followers became nominees. Some believe that it simply boiled down to the names of the LaRouche candidates, which sounded less "ethnic" than those of their opponents, George E. Sangmeister and Aurelia Pucinski . Hart's victory over Pucinski was likely helped by a voter reaction to Pucinski, whose father, Roman Pucinski , was a prominent opponent of Chicago Mayor Harold Washington . Many criticized

305-418: A range of intellectual areas in parallel with pursuit of a chosen major in depth fulfills the injunction of former Harvard president Abbott Lawrence Lowell that liberal education should produce "men who know a little of everything and something well". Some introductory courses have large enrollments, but most courses are small: the median class size is 12 students. Funding and faculty mentorship for research

366-539: A senior thesis. Harvard College students must take a course in each of four General Education categories (Aesthetics and Culture; Ethics and Civics; Histories, Societies, Individuals; Science and Technology in Society) as well as a course in each of three academic divisions (Arts and Humanities; Social Sciences; Science and Engineering and Applied Science). They must also fulfill foreign language, expository writing, and quantitative reasoning with data requirements. Exposure to

427-424: A young graduate student who would later become Harvard's 21st and longest-serving president (1869–1909), bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta. Harvard has several fight songs, the most played of which, especially at football, are " Ten Thousand Men of Harvard " and " Harvardiana ". While " Fair Harvard " is actually the alma mater , "Ten Thousand Men"

488-603: Is $ 168,800, with 53% of students coming from the top 10% highest-earning families and 20% from the bottom 60%. As of 2024, Harvard College tuition was about $ 57,000 and total costs about $ 83,000. However, Harvard offers one of the most generous financial aid programs in the United States, with need-blind admission and 100% of financial need met for all students. Families with incomes below $ 85,000 pay nothing for their children to attend, while families earning up to $ 150,000 pay no more than 10% of their annual incomes. Financial aid

549-421: Is available in all disciplines for undergraduates at all levels. Nearly all undergraduates live on campus, for the first year in dormitories in or near Harvard Yard and later in the upperclass houses—administrative subdivisions of the college as well as living quarters, providing a sense of community in what might otherwise be a socially incohesive and administratively daunting university environment. Each house

610-682: Is better known outside the university. The Harvard University Band performs these fight songs and other cheers at football and hockey games. These were parodied by Harvard alumnus Tom Lehrer in his song " Fight Fiercely, Harvard ", which he composed while an undergraduate. By the late 19th century, critics of intercollegiate athletics, including Harvard president Charles William Eliot , believed that sports had become over-commercialized and took students away from their studies. They called for limitations on all sports. This opposition prompted Harvard's athletic committee to target "minor" sports—basketball and hockey—for reform in order to deflect attention from

671-547: Is no longer one of the best as it was in football's early days, both Harvard and Yale have influenced the way the game is played. In 1903, Harvard Stadium introduced a new era into football with the first permanent reinforced concrete stadium of its kind in the country. Even older than Harvard–Yale football rivalry, the Harvard–Yale Regatta is held each June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut. The Harvard crew

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732-615: Is nonresidential but fulfills the administrative and social functions provided to on-campus residents by the other twelve houses for undergraduate students living in the Dudley Co-op, many of the undergraduate students living off-campus (which are small in number), and the Visiting Undergraduate Students who study at Harvard for a term or year. Harvard's residential houses are paired with Yale's residential colleges in sister relationships. The Harvard Undergraduate Council (UC)

793-509: Is presided over by two faculty deans, while its Allston Burr Resident Dean —usually a junior faculty member—supervises undergraduates' day-to-day academic and disciplinary well-being. The faculty deans and resident dean are assisted by other members of the Senior Common Room —select graduate students (tutors), faculty, and university officials brought into voluntary association with each house. The faculty deans and resident dean reside in

854-482: Is saying 'Me tough guy,' as if to imply that I’m some kind of wimp." The initial vote count showed Stevenson winning; however, the final official count showed him losing by 0.14 percent. Stevenson promptly petitioned the Illinois Supreme Court for a recount and presented evidence of widespread election irregularities, including evidence of a failed punch card system for tabulation of votes. Three days before

915-420: Is solely based on need; no merit or athletic scholarships are offered. The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a liberal arts and sciences focus. To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester. Midway through the second year, most undergraduates join one of fifty academic majors ; many also declare a minor (secondary field). Joint majors (combining

976-508: Is typically considered to be one of the top teams in the country in rowing . Other sports in which Harvard teams are particularly strong are men's ice hockey , squash , and men's and women's fencing . Harvard's men's ice hockey team won the school's first NCAA Championship in any team sport in 1989, and Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003. Harvard

1037-554: The Bayh–Dole Act , to foster cooperative research, organize national laboratories for technology utilization and commercialization, and permit private sector interests in government-funded research. He was the first chairman of the United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics charged with implementing a code of ethics he helped draft. Stevenson was also chairman of a special Senate committee that reorganized

1098-459: The Charles River : Adams , Dunster , Eliot , Kirkland , Leverett , Lowell , Mather , Quincy , and Winthrop . Their construction was financed largely by a 1928 gift from Yale alumnus Edward Harkness , who, frustrated in his attempts to initiate a similar project at his alma mater, eventually offered $ 11 million to Harvard. Construction of the first houses began in 1929, but

1159-706: The Democratic Party , he served as a member of the United States Senate from 1970 to 1981. A member of the prominent Stevenson family , he also served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Treasurer . He unsuccessfully ran for governor of Illinois in 1982 and 1986 . He had been awarded Japan’s Order of the Sacred Treasure with gold and silver stars and was an honorary Professor of Renmin University of China . Adlai Stevenson III

1220-581: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Harvard College is Harvard University's traditional undergraduate program, offering AB ( Bachelor of Arts ) and SB ( Bachelor of Science ) degrees. It is highly selective, with fewer than four percent of applicants being offered admission as of 2022. Harvard College students participate in over 450 extracurricular organizations and nearly all live on campus. First-year students reside in or near Harvard Yard and upperclass students reside in other on-campus housing. Harvard College

1281-570: The United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics charged with implementing a code of ethics he helped draft. Stevenson was also chairman of a Special Senate Committee which led the first major reorganization of the Senate since its Committee system was formed in the early 19th Century. Stevenson was sworn in as senator on November 17, 1970. Stevenson opposed the Vietnam War . He condemned Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson ’s Indochina policies and

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1342-515: The 1986 incident. In the 1987 Chicago mayoral election , Edward Vrdolyak ran for Mayor of Chicago on the Illinois Solidarity Party ticket, which provided the major opposition to incumbent Harold Washington , Chicago's first African-American mayor, losing to Washington by a final tally of 53%–43%. Its continued existence afterward made it an easy target for other small political parties to "take over" whenever necessary. One such group

1403-652: The Democrats for their failure to inform voters exactly who the candidates were, which allowed campaigning efforts in rural areas to be very effective. "LaRouche Democrats" claimed that the Democratic Party, especially Chairman Charles Manatt , was under the influence of the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev . LaRouche maintained that the population voted for his followers to take the party back from elitist bankers. In any case, most analysts, including Stevenson himself, agreed that

1464-570: The Marine Reserve and was discharged in 1961 as a captain. In 1957, Stevenson went to work as a clerk for a Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois and worked there until 1958 when he joined the law firm of Brown and Platt. Stevenson was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in the 1964 Illinois House of Representatives election , which was held at-large due to the state's failure to redistrict. With 2,417,978 votes, he received

1525-547: The Oxford and Cambridge model, which would eventually constitute a university, though no further colleges materialized in colonial era. The Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, but it was a minor addition not operated in federation with Harvard according to the English model. Harvard began granting higher degrees in the late eighteenth century, and it was increasingly styled Harvard University, even as Harvard College

1586-777: The Senate and served on the United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee . He also conducted the first in-depth congressional study of terrorism as chairman of the Subcommittee on the Collection and Production of Intelligence, leading to introduction of the Comprehensive Counter Terrorism Act of 1971. He warned of "spectacular acts of disruption and destruction" and an amendment that proposed reducing assistance for Israel by $ 200 million. His amendment received seven votes. Stevenson

1647-647: The U.S. Committee of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC). He was also co-chairman of the PECC's Financial Market Development Project, a member of the U.S.-Korea Wisemen Council, and sat on the board of directors of the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy . He was also chairman of the international Adlai Stevenson Center on Democracy housed at the family home, a national historic landmark, near Libertyville, Illinois . Stevenson

1708-461: The assembled land transferred to Harvard. The three Quad Houses enjoy a residential setting half a mile northwest of Harvard Yard. These were built by Radcliffe College and housed Radcliffe College students until the Harvard and Radcliffe residential systems merged in 1977. They are: Cabot , Currier , and Pforzheimer House . A thirteenth house, Dudley Community, formerly called Dudley House ,

1769-471: The case (which has since been appealed) found no evidence of explicit racial bias but did not rule out a small amount of implicit bias . Harvard has implemented more implicit bias training for its admissions staff in accordance with the court's recommendations. In addition, Harvard's admissions preference for children of alumni , employees, and donors has been criticized as favoring white and wealthy candidates. The median family income of Harvard students

1830-495: The colonial period." The University of Oxford and University of Cambridge , two of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the English-speaking world , have long been structured with individual colleges as part of the larger university and with each college including an association of scholars that shared room and board. Harvard's founders may have envisioned it as the first in a series of sibling colleges replicating

1891-691: The enrollment of recipients of the National Merit $ 2,500 Scholarship ; it enrolled 207 such scholars in the Class of 2022. Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007, but for the class of 2016 and beyond, an early action program was reintroduced. The freshman class that entered in the fall of 2017 was the first to be majority (50.8%) nonwhite. A federal lawsuit alleges that Harvard's admissions policies discriminate against Asian Americans, who tend to be overrepresented among students with high academic achievement. A 2019 district court decision in

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1952-478: The entire university. Radcliffe College , established in 1879, originally paid Harvard faculty to repeat their lectures for women. Since the 1970s, Harvard has been responsible for undergraduate matters for women, though women's Harvard diplomas were countersigned by the President of Radcliffe until a final merger in 1999. Admission is based on academic prowess, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities. For

2013-474: The finalists for vice president at the convention, though Carter eventually chose U.S. Senator Walter Mondale from Minnesota. Stevenson opted to not run for reelection in 1980 and returned to Illinois to practice law. Stevenson ran for governor of Illinois in 1982 and 1986 , losing both elections to James R. Thompson . In the 1982 campaign, Stevenson complained that Thompson was trying to portray him as an ineffectual elitist by famously stating, "He

2074-460: The general election. He defeated Burditt by a large margin 62%-37%. In the Senate, Stevenson served on the Commerce Committee (Chairman of the Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space), Banking Committee (Chairman of the Subcommittee on International Finance) and Intelligence Committee (Chairman, Subcommittee on the Collection and Production of Intelligence). He was the first Chairman of

2135-642: The gubernatorial inauguration, the court denied the recount in a 4-3 ruling, asserting that the Illinois recount statute was unconstitutional. In the 1986 statewide Democratic primaries, Democratic voters nominated allies of Lyndon LaRouche for lieutenant governor and secretary of state. Stevenson objected to their platform and refused to appear on the same ticket. Instead, he organized the Illinois Solidarity Party to provide an alternate slate for governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state, which

2196-447: The house, as do resident tutors. Terms like tutor, Senior Common Room, and Junior Common Room reflect a debt to the constituent college systems at Oxford and Cambridge from which Harvard's system took inspiration. The houses were created by President Lowell in the 1930s to combat what he saw as pernicious social stratification engendered by the private, off-campus living arrangements of many undergraduates at that time. Lowell's solution

2257-583: The integrity of the country’s leaders. “All of us — Republicans and Democrats — have an interest in clearing the record," he said a year before Nixon resigned in disgrace. “The faith of the people in their system and their leaders — a faith that has already been shaken enough — is at stake." Stevenson authored the International Banking Act of 1978 , the Stevenson–Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 and its companion,

2318-503: The investment of state funds while cutting the budget each year. Following the death of incumbent U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen in 1969, Stevenson ran for the seat. He faced former state representative Ralph T. Smith in the general election, who was appointed to the seat by Gov. Richard B. Ogilvie . Stevenson defeated Smith in a 1970 special election by a 57%-42% margin to fill Dirksen's unexpired term. In 1974 , Stevenson ran for re-election, and faced Republican George Burditt in

2379-554: The land on which they were built had been assembled decades before. After graduating from Harvard in 1895, Edward W. Forbes found himself inspired by the Oxford and Cambridge systems during two years of study in England; on returning to the United States he set out to acquire the land between Harvard Yard and the Charles River that was not already owned by Harvard or an associated entity. By 1918, that ambition had been largely fulfilled and

2440-585: The most votes of any candidate (by a margin of 7,613 more votes than the next candidate). More than half of ballots cast in the statewide general election included a vote for Stevenson. Stevenson served in the Illinois House from 1965 to 1967. During his time in the state house, he won a Best Legislator award from the Independent Voters of Illinois. In 1966 , Stevenson was elected treasurer of Illinois . As state treasurer, he quadrupled earnings on

2501-469: The original "draft" system, masters (now called "faculty deans") negotiated privately over the assignment of students. From the 1960s to the mid-1990s, each student ranked the houses according to personal preference, with a lottery resolving the oversubscription of more popular houses. Today, groups of one to eight freshmen form a block which is then assigned, essentially at random, to an upperclass house. The nine "River Houses" are south of Harvard Yard, near

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2562-730: The requirements of two majors) and special majors (of the student's own design) are also possible. Most majors lead to the Artium Baccalaureus (AB). Some award the Scientiae Baccalaureus (SB). There are also dual degree programs permitting students to earn both a Harvard AB and a Master of Music (MM) from either the New England Conservatory of Music or the Berklee College of Music over five years. In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and/or

2623-515: The summer of 1994. In addition to Adlai IV, he is survived by another son, Warwick; as well as two daughters, Lucy and Katherine; his brothers; and at least nine grandchildren. Stevenson has been honored with a number of awards, which include : Harvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate college of Harvard University , a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts , United States . Part of

2684-541: The undergraduate class of 2025, Harvard had 57,435 applications and accepted 1,968 (3.4% acceptance rate). For the undergraduate class of 2023, the middle 50% range of SAT scores of enrolled freshmen was 710–770 for reading and writing and 750–800 for math, while the middle 50% range of the ACT composite score was 33–35. The average high school grade point average ( GPA ) was 4.18. The acceptance rate for transfer students has been approximately 1%. Harvard consistently ranks first in

2745-508: The violent police tactics at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago , renewed his attacks on Republican President Richard Nixon ’s prosecution of the war. He also introduced legislation requiring an end to all aid to South Vietnam by June 30, 1975. Stevenson was highly critical of Republican President Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal . He called on Nixon to answer for

2806-476: The whole ordeal confused voters and helped the Republican Party 's James R. Thompson win the election. The "Solidarity Democrats" and the LaRouche supporters blamed one another for the subsequent years of Republican control in Illinois state government. Stevenson left politics and went on to become an investment banker . The Solidarity Party continued to exist, completely unaffiliated with Stevenson, after

2867-472: Was Nathaniel Eaton (1610–1674); in 1639, he also became its first instructor to be dismissed, for overstrict discipline. The school's first students were graduated in 1642. The Harvard Indian College was established, with the capacity for four or five Native Americans, and in 1665 Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck ( c.  1643 –1666) "from the Wampanoag … did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in

2928-491: Was Vice President of the United States (1893–1897) during Grover Cleveland 's second term. His grandfather Lewis Stevenson was Illinois secretary of state (1914–1917). His father, Adlai Stevenson II , was governor of Illinois, Ambassador to the United Nations , and two-time Democratic presidential nominee. Actor McLean Stevenson was his third cousin . Stevenson met his future wife, Nancy Anderson, in 1953 while he

2989-483: Was a strong supporter of Israel, but was critical of the influence of American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) on US politics. Stevenson had sharp differences with the Israeli lobby on issues concerning the Middle East, including a 1979 vote to cut military assistance to Israel by 10 percent and support of a 1978 weapons sale to Saudi Arabia. AIPAC also criticized his meeting with PLO leader Yasser Arafat . In

3050-685: Was also a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . On December 8, 2012, aged 82, Stevenson endorsed the proposal for the United Nations Parliamentary Assembly (UNPA), one of only six persons who served in the United States Congress ever to do so. Stevenson died from complications of Lewy body dementia at his home in Chicago on September 6, 2021, at age 90. Stevenson's great-grandfather Adlai E. Stevenson I

3111-541: Was born in Chicago to Ellen Stevenson and two time Democratic Party presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson II . He attended Milton Academy in Massachusetts, Harrow School in England, and Harvard College . He received a law degree in 1957 from Harvard Law School . Stevenson was commissioned as a lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1952, served in Korea and was discharged from active duty in 1954. He continued to serve in

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3172-531: Was chairman of SC&M Investment Management Corporation, and co-chairman of HuaMei Capital Company (the first Chinese-American investment bank). He also held many positions with non-profit organizations in this area. He served as chairman of the National Association of Japan–America Societies Society of Chicago, the Midwest U.S.-Japan Association, and the Midwest U.S.-China Association, and as president of

3233-557: Was endorsed by Democratic Party of Illinois . Persuading Democrats to vote for most of the Democratic ticket as well as the Solidarity candidates for governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state was an unconventional strategy; however, Stevenson and the candidate for lieutenant governor position, Mike Howlett, won 40% of the vote. After leaving the Senate, Stevenson was active in business and cultural relations with East Asia . He

3294-594: Was founded in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Two years later, the college became home to North America's first known printing press , carried by the ship John of London . In 1639 the college (heretofore unnamed) was named Harvard College in honor of deceased Charlestown minister John Harvard (1607–1638) who had bequeathed to the school his entire library and half of his monetary estate. Harvard's first Headmaster

3355-513: Was fueled by Richard J. Daley of Chicago, who resented the senator’s liberal reforms, but who recognized Stevenson as being a vote-getter. The senator declined to campaign, but as the nominating process got underway, Daley forces ran him as a favorite son candidate. Despite this, former governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia locked up the nomination before the 1976 Democratic National Convention , in New York City . Stevenson was, however, one of

3416-400: Was in tank training at Fort Knox in preparation for his deployment to Japan and then Korea. The couple was married in 1955 at Nancy’s home outside of Louisville. Together, they had four children. His son Adlai Stevenson IV is a business executive and former journalist. Though Adlai IV had previously expressed his intention to be "Adlai the last," his son, Adlai Ewing Stevenson V, was born in

3477-553: Was increasingly thought of as the university's undergraduate division in particular. Harvard College is currently responsible for undergraduate admissions, advising, housing, student life, athletics, and other undergraduate matters except instruction, which is the purview of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences . The body known as the President and Fellows of Harvard College retains its traditional name despite having governance of

3538-479: Was the New Alliance Party (NAP), which was largely unknown in Illinois but still managed to run some of its candidates for local offices. The NAP founder Lenora Fulani campaigned as a Solidarity Party presidential candidate in 1988 and 1992. Adlai Stevenson III Adlai Ewing Stevenson III (October 10, 1930 – September 6, 2021) was an American attorney and politician from Illinois . A member of

3599-463: Was the first Ivy League school to win an NCAA Championship in a women's sport when its women's lacrosse team won in 1990. The school color is crimson , which is also the name of Harvard's sports teams and the student newspaper, The Harvard Crimson . The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta ) by an 1875 vote of the student body, although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858, when Charles William Eliot ,

3660-561: Was the student government of Harvard College until it was abolished by a student referendum in 2022. It was replaced by the Harvard Undergraduate Association (HUA). The Harvard Crimson fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams in the NCAA Division I Ivy League , more than any other NCAA Division I college in the country. Every two years, the Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against

3721-527: Was to provide every man—Harvard was male-only at the time—with on-campus accommodations throughout his time at the college; Lowell also saw great benefits in other features of the house system, such as the relaxed discussions—academic or otherwise—which he hoped would take place among undergraduates and members of the Senior Common Room over meals in each house's dining hall. How students come to live in particular houses has changed greatly over time. Under

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