Misplaced Pages

#289710

66-609: In September 1892 a meeting was called by Lieutenant-Commander B. M. Shaffner, attended by more than 20 graduates of the Naval Academy at Annapolis who were resident in Chicago, which proposed the formation of a State Naval Militia. The following year a bill was finally passed, and approved by Governor Altgeld , which provided for the creation and establishment of the Illinois Naval Militia, to consist of two battalions, each having

132-558: A member of Congress . Students are officers-in-training with the rank of midshipman . Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 "plebes" (an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word plebeian ) enter the academy each summer for the rigorous Plebe Summer . About 1,000 midshipmen graduate and commission. Graduates are commissioned as either ensigns in

198-425: A Japanese citizen, graduated from the academy. And then in 1879, Robert F. Lopez was the first Hispanic-American to graduate from the academy. John H. Conyers of South Carolina was the first African-American admitted on 21 September 1872. After his arrival, he was subject to severe, ongoing hazing, including verbal torment, and beatings. His classmates even attempted to drown him. Three cadets were dismissed as

264-675: A broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's Honor Concept . The Navy operates the Naval Postgraduate School and the Naval War College separately. The Naval Academy Preparatory School (NAPS) in Newport, Rhode Island, is the official preparatory school for the Naval Academy. The first nautical school for officers

330-505: A building with a rubber-reinforced roof containing three hangars (one for each of the newly purchased airplanes), a workshop, an office, and several bunk rooms. All three airplanes cost a total of $ 14,000. Over 100 officers applied for aviation duty prior to August 1911. Swimming was among a set of other qualifications that a pilot candidate must have passed before being accepted to aviation duty. Pilot qualifications were in accordance with Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) standards. In

396-634: A design devised by naval academy graduate (1867) Park Benjamin, Jr. It was adopted by the Navy Department in 1898 due to the efforts of another graduate (also 1867) and collaborator, Jacob W. Miller. The institution was founded as the Naval School on 10 October 1845 by Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft and Captain David Forman. The campus was established at Annapolis on the grounds of

462-500: A direct nationwide competitive process that has no by-state quotas. The admissions process to the U.S. service academies is an extensive and very competitive process. The Military Academy, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy all require an applicant to submit an online file and proceed through pre-candidate qualification before an application is provided. The Merchant Marine Academy requires an applicant to submit part 1 of

528-514: A floor. They held dress parades every evening except Sunday. Students were termed "cadets", though sometimes "cadet midshipmen"; other appellations were used. Porter began organized athletics, usually intramural at the time. Antoine Joseph Corbesier , an immigrant from Belgium, was appointed to the position of Assistant Swordmaster in 1864, and then Swordmaster at USNA in October 1865. He coached Navy fencers in intercollegiate competition from 1896, when

594-505: A maximum strength of 400 men, and a minimum of 140. The 1st Battalion was based in Chicago, and the 2nd Battalion in Moline on the Mississippi. The 1st Battalion initially had 225 men, divided into four divisions, while the 2nd Battalion, had 176 men at its foundation, soon rising to 206. The 1st Battalion met one evening each week and practiced boat-drill, both sail and oar, and were trained in

660-527: A result, but the abuse, including shunning , continued in more subtle forms and Conyers finally resigned in October 1873. In 1874, the curriculum was altered to study naval topics in the final two years at the academy. In 1878, the academy was awarded a gold medal for academics at the Universal Exposition in Paris. In the late 19th century, Congress required the academy to teach a formal course in hygiene,

726-455: A service obligation similar to those of cadets and midshipmen entering the military services from their respective service academies (i.e., a Merchant Marine midshipman entering the U.S. Marine Corps would assume a similar obligation to a midshipman from the Naval Academy entering the Marine Corps). Merchant Marine midshipmen not entering active duty typically assume an eight-year obligation to

SECTION 10

#1732872136290

792-628: A ship, usually obsolete, by the Navy. Up until 1901 this was usually the USS ; Michigan . The officers of the militia were all former naval men, and several were veterans of the Civil War. There was also an associate membership, composed of many of the leading merchants, bankers and professional men of Chicago, including Marshall Field , Lyman J. Gage , and Charles Deering . Further, honorary memberships were awarded to Shelby M. Cullom , J. Frank Aldrich , and Colonel Leroy P. Stewart, Inspector General of

858-578: A steam launch. In late 1916 the Illinois Naval Militia was federalized into the National Naval Volunteers , created by an act of Congress and approved on August 29, 1916, under which the President was permitted to call them up for active duty with the United States Navy . Detailed plans for mobilization were prepared, and within forty-eight hours of the declaration of war on April 6, 1917 ,

924-585: A student could qualify as a new pilot in about a month, weather permitting. All students wore life preservers. The control wheel of the Curtiss machines featured a "shift control" where the controls could be "thrown" between the student and instructor at any time. The Wright machine was delivered to Greenbury by August 1911, but was not yet configured with water gear. Navy flight training moved to NAS Pensacola , Florida, in January 1914. In 1912, Reina Mercedes , sunk at

990-503: A variety of methods depending on their selected career path. On average, about one third of the graduating class each year will actively sail on their Coast Guard license as either Unlimited Third Mates or Third Assistant Engineers in the U.S. Merchant Marine , about one third will go to work in the civilian maritime industry ashore, and the remaining one third will enter active duty military service. A Merchant Marine midshipman who enters active duty military service will typically assume

1056-723: Is operated by the Department of Homeland Security , and the Merchant Marine Academy is operated by the Department of Transportation . Students enrolled at the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, the Air Force Academy, and the Coast Guard Academy are considered to be on active duty in the United States Armed Forces from the day they enter the academy, with the rank of cadet or midshipman , and subject to

1122-551: The Battle of Santiago de Cuba , was raised and used as the "brig" ship for the academy. By 1912, the midshipmen were organized into a brigade , its current structure. The prior organization was named a regiment . In 1914, the Midshipmen Drum and Bugle corps was formed and by 1922 it went defunct. They were revived in 1926. The brigade and faculty tripled during WWI. The 3rd and 4th wings of Bancroft Hall were built. In 1918,

1188-484: The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps . The Air Force Academy commissions cadets into both the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Space Force . In the case of the non–military Merchant Marine Academy, midshipmen may elect to receive an active duty or reserves commission in any branch of the uniformed services , including NOAA and the United States Public Health Service , most are commissioned into

1254-503: The Uniform Code of Military Justice . Students enrolled at the Merchant Marine Academy serve in the U.S. Navy Reserve , with the rank of midshipman and are only subject to the UCMJ while actively training with the U.S. military on Navy orders. The Naval Academy and Air Force Academy are noteworthy in that they each serve two different services. The Naval Academy commissions midshipmen into both

1320-621: The Virginia State Navy , and then went on to become the superintendent of the Confederate States Naval Academy . Lieutenant Charles "Savez" Read may have been "anchor man" (graduated last) in the class of 1860, but his later service to the Confederate States Navy included defending New Orleans, service on CSS Arkansas and CSS Florida , and command of a series of captured Union ships that culminated in seizing

1386-468: The great flu pandemic of 1918 infected about half the brigade (1,000 out of 2,000 men); ten midshipmen died. With the advent of the automobile and improved roads, the academy became a tourist attraction. At the 1920 summer Olympics men's 8+ rowing competition in Brussels, the Naval Academy rowing men's 8+ (The Wonder Crew) won the gold medal. US collegiate boats won the gold medal in the 8+ competition at

SECTION 20

#1732872136290

1452-492: The undergraduate education and training of commissioned officers for the United States Armed Forces . There are five U.S. service academies: Service academies can be used to refer to all of the academies collectively. While they are often referred to as military academies, only the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy are operated by the Department of Defense . The Coast Guard Academy

1518-471: The 3 part application prior to receiving a nomination. All these schools have an extremely competitive application process and are ranked annually by U.S. News & World Report and Forbes as some of the most selective colleges and universities in the United States. The average acceptance rate is between 8-17% for each of the schools. Upon graduation and the receipt of a Bachelor of Science degree,

1584-740: The First Brigade of the Illinois National Guard. Following the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition , there were plans to move the replica battleship Illinois to a pier near Van Buren Street, where the ship would have become the headquarters of the militia. By 1896, the Illinois Naval Militia had five divisions: three in Chicago , one in Moline , and one in Alton , of approximately 250, 100, and 50 men respectively. At that time, it received $ 25,000 in federal funds annually, and operated several boats and

1650-424: The Illinois Naval Militia had become little more than a social club located on the Chicago waterfront. When the city annexed the property, the militia effectively ceased to exist, but was not formally dissolved until 1988. However, on January 19, 2006, it was reauthorized, though never re-established, by an executive order of Governor Rod Blagojevich . Senate Republicans disputed the governor's authority to resurrect

1716-531: The Naval Academy curriculum on 30 October 1930. In 1930, the class of 1891 presented a bronze replica of the figurehead of Tamanend to replace the deteriorating wooden figurehead that had been prominently displayed on campus. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law an act of Congress (Public Law 73–21, 48 Stat. 73) on 25 May 1933 providing for the Bachelor of Science degree for Naval, Military, and Coast Guard Academies. Four years later, Congress authorized

1782-560: The Naval Academy joined the Intercollegiate Fencing Association, until 1914, when he retired. By special act of Congress, he was commissioned a 1st lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 4 March 1914. He died on 26 March 1915 and is buried on Hospital Point. In 1867, indoor plumbing and water was supplied to the family quarters. In 1868, the figurehead of Tamanend from USS  Delaware (later nicknamed " Tecumseh ")

1848-526: The Navy Forrestal to implement the academic changes suggested by the Holloway Board, which had recommended that the Naval Academy curriculum move away from rote recitation and continuous crams "to give a stronger emphasis to basic and general education, rendering more fundamental and less detailed instruction in strictly naval material and techniques." An accelerated course was given to midshipmen during

1914-546: The Navy Reserve Strategic Sealift Officer Program, unless they have elected to enter another branch of the armed forces. In addition, midshipmen who do not serve on active duty are restricted from working outside the maritime industry or merchant marine for a period of five years following graduation and must seek annual MARAD approval for their employment. Preparatory schools provide for strengthening of academic potential of candidates to each of

1980-497: The Navy Reserve, Strategic Sealift Officer Force. Students at the Military Academy, the Air Force Academy, and the Coast Guard Academy are cadets, while students at the Naval Academy and the Merchant Marine Academy are midshipmen. All cadets and midshipmen receive taxable pay at a rate of 35% of an O-1 under two years of service (which can be used to pay for textbooks and uniforms), free room and board, and pay no tuition or fees, with

2046-523: The Navy officers on flight duty at Hammondsport , New York, and Dayton , Ohio, were ordered to report for duty at the Engineering Experiment Station, Naval Academy, "in connection with the test of gasoline motors and other experimental work in the development of aviation, including instruction at the aviation school" being set up on Greenbury Point, Annapolis. The "aerodrome" at Greenbury Point sat on 1000 square feet of land and consisted of

Illinois Naval Militia - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-409: The Navy or second lieutenants in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest-paid graduates in the country according to starting salary. The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon

2178-588: The Severn River Naval Command from 1941 to 1962. A total of 3,319 graduates were commissioned during World War II. Dr. Chris Lambertsen held the first closed-circuit oxygen SCUBA course in the United States for the Office of Strategic Services maritime unit at the academy on 17 May 1943. In 1945, A Department of Aviation was established. That year a vice admiral, Aubrey W. Fitch , became superintendent. The naval academy celebrated its centennial. During

2244-647: The US Revenue Cutter Caleb Cushing in Portland, Maine. Lieutenant James Iredell Waddell , CSN, a former instructor at the US Naval Academy, commanded the CSS Shenandoah . The midshipmen and faculty returned to Annapolis in the summer of 1865, just after the war ended. Civil War hero Admiral David Dixon Porter became superintendent in 1865. He found the infrastructure at Annapolis a shambles,

2310-618: The United States Naval Academy, also resigned his commission. The first superintendent, Admiral Franklin Buchanan , joined the Confederate States Navy as its first and primary admiral. Captain Sidney Smith Lee , the second commandant of midshipmen, and older brother of Robert E. Lee, left Federal service in 1861 for the Confederate States Navy. Lieutenant William Harwar Parker , CSN, class of 1848, and instructor at USNA, joined

2376-557: The Yard, is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum in Philadelphia that had served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis. Candidates for admission generally must apply directly to the academy and apply separately for a nomination, usually from

2442-422: The cadets and midshipmen commission as second lieutenants or ensigns and must serve a minimum term of duty , usually five years plus another three years in the reserves . If the student's chosen occupation requires particularly extensive training (such as aviation or special operations ), the service commitment may be longer. At the Merchant Marine Academy, midshipmen repay their service obligations through

2508-518: The century of its existence, roughly 18,563 midshipmen had graduated, including the class of 1946. The academy was accredited in 1947 by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . On January 15, 1947, James L. Holloway became the 35th superintendent of the United States Naval Academy , succeeding Vice Admiral Aubrey W. Fitch . At 48, Holloway was the youngest superintendent in fifty years, having been handpicked by Secretary of

2574-517: The class of 1908. The academy built a modern hospital in 1907, the fourth in sequence, on what is today called "Hospital Point." In 1910, the academy established its own dairy farm. In 1913, the Navy purchased the Howard's Adventure estate in nearby Gambrills, Maryland to expand their dairy operations. The farm is also home to Bill the Goat . The Naval Academy dairy was closed in 1998. On 23 August 1911,

2640-477: The curriculum for the United States Naval Academy. He was also a vocal proponent of modernization of the navy. Originally a course of study for five years was prescribed. Only the first and last were spent at the school with the other three being passed at sea. The present name was adopted when the school was reorganized in 1850 and placed under the supervision of the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. Under

2706-491: The entire Illinois Naval Militia had left Chicago by train for the Philadelphia Navy Yard . Some were actually at sea within a week of the declaration of war, and many more on the first group of ships that left the United States bound for Europe. At that time the Illinois Naval Militia consisted of 579 men organised into: World War I marked the high-point of the Illinois Naval Militia. The United States Naval Reserve

Illinois Naval Militia - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-522: The exception of USMMA who receive taxable pay at US$ 1,217.10 a month only during their required 300+ days at sea during their four-year studies. All applicants, except for the Coast Guard Academy, are required to obtain a nomination to the academies. Nominations may be made by Congressional Representatives, Senators, the Vice President , and the President . Applicants to the Coast Guard Academy compete in

2838-576: The faculty as the first instructor of drawing, and he also served as the first fencing instructor. He held the position of teacher of the art of defence from 1851 to 1859. In 1860, the Tripoli Monument was moved to the academy grounds. Later that year in August, the model of the USS Somers experiment was resurrected when USS  Constitution , then 60 years old, was recommissioned as a school ship for

2904-560: The former U.S. Army post Fort Severn . The school opened with 50 midshipman students and seven professors. The decision to establish an academy on land may have been in part a result of the Somers Affair, an alleged mutiny involving the Secretary of War's son that resulted in his execution at sea. Commodore Matthew Perry had a considerable interest in naval education, supporting an apprentice system to train new seamen, and helped establish

2970-456: The fourth-class midshipmen after a conversion and refitting begun in 1857. She was anchored at the yard, and the plebes lived on board the ship to immediately introduce them to shipboard life and experiences. The American Civil War was disruptive to the Naval Academy. Southern sympathy ran high in Maryland. Although riots broke out, Maryland did not declare secession. The United States government

3036-531: The immediate charge of the superintendent, the course of study was extended to seven years with the first two and the last two to be spent at the school and the intervening three years at sea. The four years of study were made consecutive in 1851 and practice cruises were substituted for the three consecutive years at sea. The first class of naval academy students graduated on 10 June 1854. They were considered as passed midshipmen until 1912, when graduates were first sworn in as officers. In 1850, Edward Seager joined

3102-453: The militia. United States Naval Academy The United States Naval Academy ( USNA , Navy , or Annapolis ) is a federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland . It was established on 10 October 1845 during the tenure of George Bancroft as Secretary of the Navy . The Naval Academy is the second oldest of the five U.S. service academies and it educates midshipmen for service in

3168-539: The next seven Olympics – a standing record as of 2019 for consecutive gold medal wins by any nation in a particular sport. The Naval Academy football team played the University of Washington in the Rose Bowl tying 14–14. In 1925, the second-class ring dance was started. In 1925, the Midshipmen Drum and Bugle Corps was formally reestablished. In 1926, " Navy Blue and Gold ", composed by organist and choirmaster J. W. Crosley,

3234-616: The officer corps of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . It is part of the Naval University System . The 338-acre (137 ha) campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County , 33 miles (53 km) east of Washington, D.C., and 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Baltimore . The entire campus, known colloquially as

3300-437: The only course required by Congress of any military academy. In 1890, Navy adopted the goat mascot after winning its first football game with Army. The Spanish–American War of 1898 greatly increased the academy's importance and the campus was almost wholly rebuilt and much enlarged between 1899 and 1906. The ground on which most of the academy sat was dredged from the surrounding bodies of water and consisted of silt. This

3366-461: The presence of a committee of the Aero Club of America, a pilot candidate had to fly five figure eights around two flags buoyed 1500 feet apart then land within 150 feet of an established mark. This course had to be completed twice. The test also required the prospective aviator to climb to a minimum altitude of 150 ft (officially 50 meters). It was estimated by CAPT Washington Irving Chambers that

SECTION 50

#1732872136290

3432-493: The result of ill military use during the War. Porter attempted to restore the facilities. He concentrated on recruiting naval officers as opposed to civilians, a change of philosophy. He recruited teachers Stephen B. Luce, future admirals Winfield Scott Schley , George Dewey , and William T. Sampson . The midshipman battalion consisted of four companies . These were bunked in a single wooden building containing 100 rooms, one company to

3498-552: The school's lacrosse team to play a visiting team from Harvard University because the Harvard team included an African-American player. Harvard's athletic director ordered the player home and the game was played on 4 April, as scheduled, which Navy won 12–0. Georgia Tech President and Colonel Dr. Blake R Van Leer would later be appointed by President Harry S. Truman to the Visitor Board and assist with its curriculum. Dr. Van Leer

3564-442: The selection of the color company and "color girl." In the 1870s, cuts in the military budget resulted in graduating much smaller classes. In 1872, 25 graduated. Eight of these made the Navy a career. The third class physically hazed the fourth class so ruthlessly that Congress passed an anti-hazing law in 1874. Hazing continued in more stealthy forms. Many firsts for minorities occurred during this period. In 1877, Kiro Kunitomo,

3630-436: The superintendent to award a Bachelor of Science degree to all living graduates. Reserve officer training was re-established in anticipation of World War II in 1941. In 1939, the first Yard patrol boat arrived. In 1940, the academy stopped using Reina Mercedes as a brig for disciplining midshipmen, and restricted them to Bancroft Hall, instead. In April 1941, superintendent Rear Admiral Russell Willson refused to allow

3696-515: The use of torpedoes, for which a steam-launch was specially fitted; and in the use of artillery, the cutlass , and small arms . The Navy Department presented the First Battalion with a complete stand of Hotchkiss rifles , cutlasses and revolvers, a Hotchkiss Rotary Gun and a battery of four 3-inch breech-loading field guns . Each summer there was a three-week cruise, for which the Militia was loaned

3762-612: The war years which affected classes entering during the war and graduating later. The students studied year around. This affected the class of 1948 most of all. For the only time, a class was divided by academic standing. 1948A graduated in June 1947; the remainder, called 1948B, a year later. From 1946 to 1961, N3N amphibious biplanes were used at the academy to introduce midshipmen to flying. United States Service academies The United States service academies , also known as United States military academies , are federal academies for

3828-545: Was already a member to The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization who had a focus to work against racism through influential statements on race starting with a declaration of anthropologists. In 1941, the 5th and 6th wings of Bancroft Hall were completed. Landfill was made outboard of the hospital to create a sports field. Fill was made on the north side of the Severn to create an area for seaplanes. The academy and its support facilities became part of

3894-520: Was conceived by Commodore Arthur Sinclair in 1819 while in command of the Norfolk Navy Yard. Due to his zeal and perseverance, the "Nautical School" was opened on board the frigate Guerriere on 3 December 1821 with between 40 and 50 midshipmen attached to the ship. The curriculum was diversified with naval tactics, astronomy, geography, French, history, English grammar, and international relations. The school operated until 1828, when USS Guerriere

3960-407: Was erected in the yard. Class rings were first issued in 1869. Weekly dances were held. Wags called the school "Porter's Dancing Academy." President U.S. Grant distributed diplomas to the class of 1869. Porter ensured continued room for expansion by overseeing the purchase of 113 acres (46 ha) across College Creek, later known as Hospital Point. In 1871, the color competition began, along with

4026-539: Was first sung in public. It became a tradition to sing this alma mater song at the end of student and alumni gatherings such as pep rallies and football games, and on graduation day. In 1926, Navy won the national collegiate football championship title. In the fall of 1929, the Secretary of the Navy gave his approval for graduates to compete for Rhodes Scholarships . Six graduates were selected for that honor that same year. The Association of American Universities accredited

SECTION 60

#1732872136290

4092-581: Was formed in 1915, and those states that maintained Naval Militias received very little federal aid, and then only if the members of their state Naval Militia were also members of the Naval Reserve, which offered more benefits. There was also competition for personnel from the Marine Corps Reserve and Coast Guard Auxiliary . Inevitably, the Naval Militia's popularity began to decline. By the 1970s,

4158-500: Was ordered to duty in the Pacific. It was from that small start that the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis grew. The history of the academy can be divided into four eras: the use of original Fort Severn from 1845 to 1861, "Porter's Academy" between 1865 and 1903, " Flagg Academy" from 1903 to 1941, and the modern era since 1941. The academy's Latin motto is Ex Scientia Tridens , which means 'Through Knowledge, Sea Power'. It appears on

4224-431: Was planning to move the school, when the sudden outbreak of hostilities forced a quick departure. Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island by the USS  Constitution in April 1861, where the academy was set up in temporary facilities and opened in May. The Annapolis campus, meanwhile,

4290-411: Was too fragile for the newer heavy stone buildings. Pilings were sunk from 100 feet (30 m) to 400 feet (120 m) deep. Some wooden with iron caps; modern ones of steel. Today's campus dates from that era. In 1905, Isherwood Hall, containing the Department of Marine Engineering, was constructed. Prior to that era, about 43 men entered annually. There were 114 joining the class of 1905, 201 with

4356-411: Was turned into a United States Army Hospital. The United States Navy was stressed by the situation – 24% of its officers resigned to join the Confederate States Navy , including 95 graduates and 59 midshipmen, along with many key leaders who influenced USNA's founding. As the first superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory , Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury , who advocated for creating

#289710