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If You Could Only Cook

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If You Could Only Cook (1935) is a screwball comedy of mistaken identity starring Herbert Marshall as a frustrated automobile executive and Jean Arthur as a young woman who talks him into posing as her husband so they can land jobs as a butler and a cook.

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135-485: Jim Buchanan ( Marshall ), wealthy president of Buchanan Motor Company, is engaged to Evelyn Fletcher ( Inescort ), a bossy socialite who is interested in Jim for his money. When Jim's fellow executives reject his plan to introduce a new automobile design, he decides to take a vacation. Declaring himself "sick and tired of everything", Jim goes for a walk in the park, where he meets a young woman named Joan Hawthorne ( Arthur ). Joan

270-442: A dream sequence designed by Salvador Dalí . The dream sequence as it appears in the film is ten minutes shorter than was originally envisioned; Selznick edited it to make it "play" more effectively. Gregory Peck plays amnesiac Dr. Anthony Edwardes under the treatment of analyst Dr. Peterson ( Ingrid Bergman ), who falls in love with him while trying to unlock his repressed past. Two point-of-view shots were achieved by building

405-576: A fish-and-chip shop and fishmongers' respectively; they lived above the former. Hitchcock attended his first school, the Howrah House Convent in Poplar , which he entered in 1907, at age 7. According to biographer Patrick McGilligan , he stayed at Howrah House for at most two years. He also attended a convent school, the Wode Street School "for the daughters of gentlemen and little boys" run by

540-503: A novel by English novelist Daphne du Maurier . Selznick insisted on a faithful adaptation of the book, and disagreed with Hitchcock with the use of humour. The film, starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine , concerns an unnamed naïve young woman who marries a widowed aristocrat. She lives in his large English country house , and struggles with the lingering reputation of his elegant and worldly first wife Rebecca, who died under mysterious circumstances. The film won Best Picture at

675-501: A 1935 interview: I am strongly of the belief that if there had been another 'Blond Venus'—my first picture ( sic ), with the acute direction of von Sternberg —I would have been thrown off the screen! By the grace of God and Lubitsch, against the wishes of his company, I was next cast in a good role in 'Trouble in Paradise' for which Lubitsch seemed to think me peculiarly suited and would have been very unhappy if he had had anyone else. He

810-494: A 1945 article in Motion Picture Magazine reported, against Marshall's wishes, on his work at military hospitals. The author Patty De Roulf insisted that his story needed to be told to help injured veterans and their families and to show that "Marshall is doing one of the finest war jobs any human being can do." She interviewed one young officer, who recalled: Herbert Marshall gave me back my life. When I found out I had

945-674: A British spy posing as a governess, disappears on a train journey through the fictional European country of Bandrika . The film saw Hitchcock receive the 1938 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director. Benjamin Crisler of The New York Times wrote in June 1938: "Three unique and valuable institutions the British have that we in America have not: Magna Carta , the Tower Bridge and Alfred Hitchcock,

1080-456: A Doubt (1943) and Notorious (1946). Rebecca won the Academy Award for Best Picture , with Hitchcock nominated as Best Director. He also received Oscar nominations for Lifeboat (1944), Spellbound (1945), Rear Window (1954) and Psycho (1960). Hitchcock's other notable films include Rope (1948), Strangers on a Train (1951), Dial M for Murder (1954), To Catch

1215-504: A Lady (1936), then made Girls' Dormitory (1936) with Ruth Chatterton and A Woman Rebels (1936) with Katharine Hepburn . Marshall was reunited with Dietrich and Lubtisch in Angel (1937). He made Breakfast for Two (1937), Always Goodbye (1938) with Barbara Stanwyck, and supported Deanna Durbin in Mad About Music (1938). By mid-decade, the press noted how popular he

1350-717: A Secretary . In Britain he made three films with Edna Best : Michael and Mary (1931), for Victor Saville , The Calendar (1931) and The Faithful Heart (1931) again for Saville. Marshall returned to Broadway to star in Tomorrow and Tomorrow then There's Always Juliet . He primarily made films in the United States for the remainder of his life. As a Hollywood leading man, the suave, gentlemanly actor played romantic roles opposite such stars as Claudette Colbert, Marlene Dietrich , Greta Garbo , Barbara Stanwyck , Katharine Hepburn , Joan Crawford and Bette Davis throughout

1485-676: A Thief (1955), The Trouble with Harry (1955), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), The Birds (1963) and Marnie (1964), all of which were also financially successful and are highly regarded by film historians. Hitchcock made a number of films with some of the biggest stars in Hollywood, including four with Cary Grant , four with James Stewart , three with Ingrid Bergman and three consecutively with Grace Kelly . Hitchcock became an American citizen in 1955. In 2012, Hitchcock's psychological thriller Vertigo , starring Stewart, displaced Orson Welles ' Citizen Kane (1941) as

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1620-552: A businessman. Rossini, who has just organized a bootlegging gang, learns of Jim's trip to the office from his assistant, Flash ( Stander ), who is suspicious of Jim and has been tailing him. Wanting Joan for himself, he has her bailed out and tells her the truth about Jim. She reacts by raging against Jim, so Rossini promptly orders his henchmen to kill Jim at his wedding. To ingratiate himself with Joan, he tells her about this, but she declares that she loves Jim after all and begs Rossini to spare his life. Rossini's men abduct Jim from

1755-434: A cell for a few minutes, saying, "This is what we do to naughty boys." The experience left him with a lifelong phobia of law enforcement, and he told Tom Snyder in 1973 that he was "scared stiff of anything ... to do with the law" and that he would refuse to even drive a car in case he got a parking ticket. When he was six, the family moved to Limehouse and leased two stores at 130 and 175 Salmon Lane, which they ran as

1890-807: A character based on W. Somerset Maugham . He could be seen in Flight for Freedom (1943), Young Ideas (1944), Andy Hardy's Blonde Trouble (1944), The Enchanted Cottage (1945) and The Unseen (1945). In 1936, Marshall began lending his talents to radio, appearing on Lux Radio Theatre (at least 19 appearances), The Screen Guild Theatre (at least 16 appearances), The Jell-O Program (three appearances, including one as host), The Burns and Allen Show (two appearances), Birds Eye Open House , The Pepsodent Show and Hollywood Star Time (taking over as host in October 1946). He made radio history in July 1940 as

2025-410: A complete grasp of all the different branches of film technique that he is able to take far more control of his production than the average director of four times his experience." Production of The Pleasure Garden encountered obstacles which Hitchcock would later learn from: on arrival to Brenner Pass , he failed to declare his film stock to customs and it was confiscated; one actress could not enter

2160-399: A confined environment, as he had done earlier with Lifeboat . The film appears as a very limited number of continuous shots, but it was actually shot in 10 ranging from 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 10 minutes each; a 10-minute length of film was the most that a camera's film magazine could hold at the time. Some transitions between reels were hidden by having a dark object fill the entire screen for

2295-1063: A film noir; Riders to the Stars (1954), his first sci fi; Gog (1954), another sci-fi in 3-D; The Black Shield of Falworth (1954) with Tony Curtis ; The Virgin Queen (1955) with Davis; Wicked as They Come (1956) with Arlene Dahl ; and The Weapon (1956). He received acclaim for his performances in Stage Struck (1958) and The Fly (1958). However he was more likely to be found on television in The Best of Broadway (a version of The Philadelphia Story ), The Elgin Hour , Celebrity Playhouse , Lux Video Theatre (including an adaptation of The Browning Version and Now, Voyager ), The Loretta Young Show , Playhouse 90 , Studio One in Hollywood , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , and Adventures in Paradise . Marshall's final performances include

2430-571: A film, where he sat in a newsroom. Continuing to market his brand following the success of The Lodger , Hitchcock wrote a letter to the London Evening News in November 1927 about his filmmaking, participated in studio-produced publicity, and by December 1927 he developed the original sketch of his widely recognised profile which he introduced by sending it to friends and colleagues as a Christmas present. On 2 December 1926, Hitchcock married

2565-456: A film, which recorded the experiences of the survivors of a German U-boat attack. Steinbeck began work on the script for what would become Lifeboat (1944). However, Steinbeck was unhappy with the film and asked that his name be removed from the credits, to no avail. The idea was rewritten as a short story by Harry Sylvester and published in Collier's in 1943. The action sequences were shot in

2700-420: A flat, hard, springy tool made of gutta-percha and known as a "ferula" which struck the whole palm; punishment was always at the end of the day, so the boys had to sit through classes anticipating the punishment if they had been written up for it. He later said that this is where he developed his sense of fear. The school register lists his year of birth as 1900 rather than 1899; biographer Donald Spoto says he

2835-449: A freelancer who signed a one-picture deal with the studio, both known for their work in comedies and light dramas. The story depicts a confrontation between a suspected saboteur (Cummings) and a real saboteur ( Norman Lloyd ) atop the Statue of Liberty . Hitchcock took a three-day tour of New York City to scout for Saboteur ' s filming locations. He also directed Have You Heard? (1942),

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2970-685: A job, for 15 shillings a week (£91 in 2023), as a technical clerk at the Henley Telegraph and Cable Company in Blomfield Street, near London Wall . He continued night classes, this time in art history, painting, economics and political science. His older brother ran the family shops, while he and his mother continued to live in Salmon Lane. Hitchcock was too young to enlist when the First World War started in July 1914, and when he reached

3105-399: A large wooden hand (which would appear to belong to the character whose point of view the camera took) and out-sized props for it to hold: a bucket-sized glass of milk and a large wooden gun. For added novelty and impact, the climactic gunshot was hand-coloured red on some copies of the black-and-white film. The original musical score by Miklós Rózsa makes use of the theremin , and some of it

3240-481: A light inside a glass of milk, perhaps poisoned, that Grant is bringing to his wife; the light ensures that the audience's attention is on the glass. Grant's character is actually a killer, according to the book, Before the Fact by Francis Iles , but the studio felt that Grant's image would be tarnished by that. Hitchcock would have preferred to end with the wife's murder. Instead, the actions that she found suspicious are

3375-723: A low profile, and were not interested in attending parties or being celebrities. Hitchcock discovered his taste for fine food in West Hollywood, but still carried on his way of life from England. He was impressed with Hollywood's filmmaking culture, expansive budgets and efficiency, compared to the limits that he had often faced in Britain. In June that year, Life called him the "greatest master of melodrama in screen history". Although Hitchcock and Selznick respected each other, their working arrangements were sometimes difficult. Selznick suffered from constant financial problems, and Hitchcock

3510-572: A man may know irreparable loss and still inherit the earth. When I learned to walk again, I returned to London, healed in spirit if not in body, and all because of Uncle Bogey". —Herbert Marshall recalling the inspiring example of his uncle after the First World War Marshall served with the 14th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment ( London Scottish ). He recalled his time on the Western Front : "I knew terrific boredom. There

3645-490: A metal claw instead of a hand, I was completely broken...Then one day, while I was in the hospital, we were told Herbert Marshall, the film star, was coming to talk to us. I was disgusted with the idea. A collar ad, I thought, coming to give us a Pollyanna speech! It turned out to be anything but that. Mr. Marshall talked real sense into us. He followed it up with demonstrations, actually showing us what he could do. Before he left, we were convinced that if he had been able to lead

3780-458: A moment. Hitchcock used those points to hide the cut, and began the next take with the camera in the same place. The film features James Stewart in the leading role, and was the first of four films that Stewart made with Hitchcock. It was inspired by the Leopold and Loeb case of the 1920s. Critical response at the time was mixed. Under Capricorn (1949), set in 19th-century Australia, also uses

3915-575: A name director with his first thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927). The film concerns the hunt for a Jack the Ripper -style serial killer who, wearing a black cloak and carrying a black bag, is murdering young blonde women in London, and only on Tuesdays. A landlady suspects that her lodger is the killer, but he turns out to be innocent. Hitchcock had wanted the leading man to be guilty, or for

4050-473: A negative view of the theatre: I used to tour the provinces in England with my mother and father, you know, when I was a small lad. And I was often tired and cold, there seemed to me to be so much heartache and poverty and disappointment that the glamour and applause and tinsel of the theatre escaped me, quite...No, I had no reason to love the theatre...I spent most of my time trying to forget those tired faces which

4185-514: A normal life, we could do the same. The article also quoted a veteran with a double amputation (left leg and right foot), who praised Marshall for showing him how to dance with a prosthetic leg. He considered the actor's advice and example to be his Ten Commandments. General Dwight D. Eisenhower , Head of the Allied Forces in Europe, noted in private that, of all the film stars he met in Europe during

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4320-423: A photographic dramatisation for Life magazine of the dangers of rumours during wartime . In 1943, he wrote a mystery story for Look , "The Murder of Monty Woolley ", a sequence of captioned photographs inviting the reader to find clues to the murderer's identity; Hitchcock cast the performers as themselves, such as Woolley, Doris Merrick and make-up man Guy Pearce. Back in England, Hitchcock's mother Emma

4455-424: A reflection of his own despair and his plan to commit suicide. Fontaine won Best Actress for her performance. Saboteur (1942) is the first of two films that Hitchcock made for Universal Studios during the decade. Hitchcock wanted Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck or Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney to star, but was forced by Universal to use Universal contract player Robert Cummings and Priscilla Lane ,

4590-464: A safe to show to Joan. Impressed by his designs, on their day off she shows them to an executive with one of Buchanan's competitors, but he recognizes Buchanan's style, leading to her arrest for theft. Having fallen in love with Jim, she refuses to help the police find him. Meanwhile, Jim has decided to tell Joan who he is. When she misses a lunch date while in jail, he writes her a letter, abandons his butler position, and returns to Evelyn and his life as

4725-639: A second film in Munich, The Mountain Eagle (1926), based on an original story titled Fear o' God . The film is lost, and Hitchcock called it "a very bad movie". A year later, Hitchcock wrote and directed The Ring ; although the screenplay was credited solely to his name, Elliot Stannard assisted him with the writing. The Ring garnered positive reviews; the Bioscope critic called it "the most magnificent British film ever made". When he returned to England, Hitchcock

4860-477: A short film, An Elastic Affair (1930), featuring two Film Weekly scholarship winners. An Elastic Affair is one of the lost films. In 1933, Hitchcock signed a multi-film contract with Gaumont-British , once again working for Michael Balcon. His first film for the company, The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), was a success; his second, The 39 Steps (1935), was acclaimed in the UK, and gained him recognition in

4995-591: A silent film version of this play. After making Adventure in Washington (1941) Marshall starred as maltreated, principled husband Horace Giddens in The Little Foxes , again with Davis and Wyler, which received nine Academy Award nominations including one for Best Picture. The film's review in Variety noted "Marshall turns in one of his top performances in the exacting portrayal of a suffering, dying man." During

5130-553: A small boat in the studio water tank. The locale posed problems for Hitchcock's traditional cameo appearance; it was solved by having Hitchcock's image appear in a newspaper that William Bendix is reading in the boat, showing the director in a before-and-after advertisement for "Reduco-Obesity Slayer". He told Truffaut in 1962: At the time, I was on a strenuous diet, painfully working my way from three hundred to two hundred pounds. So I decided to immortalize my loss and get my bit part by posing for "before" and "after" pictures. ... I

5265-555: A small boy as he reads a book on the London Underground . In the PBS series The Men Who Made The Movies , Hitchcock explained how he used early sound recording as a special element of the film to create tension, with a gossipy woman ( Phyllis Monkman ) stressing the word "knife" in her conversation with the woman suspected of murder. During this period, Hitchcock directed segments for a BIP revue , Elstree Calling (1930), and directed

5400-488: A trade paper that Famous Players–Lasky , the production arm of Paramount Pictures , was opening a studio in London. They were planning to film The Sorrows of Satan by Marie Corelli , so he produced some drawings for the title cards and sent his work to the studio. They hired him, and in 1919 he began working for Islington Studios in Poole Street, Hoxton , as a title-card designer. Donald Spoto wrote that most of

5535-642: A troupe he worked for reformed, he was laid off. He then tried his hand at acting. In a 1935 interview, he claimed that he only became an actor out of necessity because he did not know how to do anything else. To another reporter, he recollected how he had initially vowed never to go on the stage. Marshall had a long and varied stage career, appearing with Sir Nigel Playfair , Sir Gerald du Maurier , Noël Coward , Gertrude Lawrence , Edna Best (his second wife), Cathleen Nesbitt , Mabel Terry-Lewis , Marie Löhr , Madge Titheradge , Edmund Gwenn (his future film and radio co-star) and others. While his stage debut

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5670-464: Is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise (1932), Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder! (1930) and Foreign Correspondent (1940), William Wyler 's The Letter (1940) and The Little Foxes (1941), Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence (1942), Edmund Goulding 's The Razor's Edge (1946), and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly (1958). He appeared onscreen with many of

5805-552: Is having trouble finding a job and has just been evicted from her apartment. Assuming he is also a job hunter, she asks Jim to pose as her husband so they can apply for a combined job opening for a butler and a cook. Without revealing his true identity, he agrees. "Mr. and Mrs. Burns" are soon hired by Michael Rossini ( Carrillo ). She is a good cook; he improves his skills by sneaking away at night and taking lessons from his own butler, Jennings ( Romaine Callender ) . He also goes to his office and takes some of his automobile sketches from

5940-434: Is that he is a thoroughly nice, reasonable Englishman. He has a peculiarly easy, unaffected manner. He is tallish and dresses with exceptional taste and discretion. Also he gives an impression of hidden reserves, a sort of enticing withdrawal...And manners. The man has every charming trick of engaging manners known to masculinity". Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980)

6075-621: Is usually listed as The Adventure of Lady Ursula (1911), some sources place it in 1909. Furthermore, Marshall remembered playing a footman alongside Eric Blore in Robert Courtneidge 's The Arcadians ; his mention of Blore added an appearance in November 1910. In 1913, Marshall made his London debut in the role of Tommy in Brewster's Millions . Actor-manager Cyril Maude was so impressed with his performance that he recruited Marshall for his U.S. and Canadian tour of Grumpy . When war

6210-477: The 13th Academy Awards ; the statuette was given to producer Selznick. Hitchcock received his first nomination for Best Director , his first of five such nominations. Hitchcock's second American film was the thriller Foreign Correspondent (1940), set in Europe, based on Vincent Sheean 's book Personal History (1935) and produced by Walter Wanger . It was nominated for Best Picture that year. Hitchcock felt uneasy living and working in Hollywood while Britain

6345-813: The British Film Institute 's greatest film ever made based on its world-wide poll of hundreds of film critics. As of 2021 , nine of his films had been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry , including his personal favourite, Shadow of a Doubt (1943). He received the BAFTA Fellowship in 1971, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, and was knighted in December of that year, four months before his death on 29 April 1980. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock

6480-583: The El Capitan . The proceeds went to the British Red Cross. In 1943, he appeared briefly in the RKO film, Forever and a Day . The profits from the film funded a variety of war charities. The same year, Marshall wrote a public letter of encouragement to his Hollywood colleagues serving overseas. He also performed in the short film, The Shining Future (1944), later condensed and renamed Road to Victory , which

6615-581: The Faithful Companions of Jesus . He then attended a primary school near his home and was for a short time a boarder at Salesian College in Battersea . The family moved again when Hitchcock was eleven, this time to Stepney , and on 5 October 1910 he was sent to St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill , a Jesuit grammar school with a reputation for discipline. As corporal punishment, the priests used

6750-643: The Motion Picture Production Code at the time. In September 1940, the Hitchcocks bought the 200-acre (0.81 km ) Cornwall Ranch near Scotts Valley , California, in the Santa Cruz Mountains . Their primary residence was an English-style home in Bel Air , purchased in 1942. Hitchcock's films were diverse during this period, ranging from the romantic comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941) to

6885-465: The 1880s and 1890s, Marshall's father retired from acting in 1922 and died on 28 December 1927 at the age of 68. Marshall later recalled: "My father was a grand actor—better than I could ever dream of being." His mother was the sister of journalist and drama critic, Leopold Godfrey-Turner (born Leopold McClintock Turner). Marshall's grandfather, Godfrey Wordsworth Turner, wrote several books and articles on art and travel. In an article about his love of

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7020-426: The 1930s and into the 1940s. The 1932 film Blonde Venus brought Marshall to fame among the general American public. Later the same year, he played Gaston Monescu, a sophisticated thief involved in a love triangle in Ernst Lubitsch 's suggestive, light comedy Trouble in Paradise (1932). In interviews, Marshall expressed a preference for playing this sort of witty comedy role. He discussed his two early films in

7155-948: The Armistice, Marshall joined Nigel Playfair's repertory troupe, appearing in Make Believe (December 1918), The Younger Generation (1919) and Abraham Lincoln (1919). In 1920, he made his first known appearance opposite Edna Best in Brown Sugar . He also appeared in John Ferguson and the Shakespearean plays The Merchant of Venice and As You Like It . Marshall recalled " Jacques in As You Like It has given me more pleasure than any part I have played". The following year, he toured North America with Australian star Marie Löhr and starred in A Safety Match in London. By 1922, Marshall

7290-501: The Big Producer. ... Producer was king. The most flattering thing Mr. Selznick ever said about me—and it shows you the amount of control—he said I was the 'only director' he'd 'trust with a film'." Hitchcock approached American cinema cautiously; his first American film was set in England in which the "Americanness" of the characters was incidental: Rebecca (1940) was set in a Hollywood version of England's Cornwall and based on

7425-627: The English screenwriter Alma Reville at the Brompton Oratory in South Kensington . The couple honeymooned in Paris, Lake Como and St. Moritz, before returning to London to live in a leased flat on the top two floors of 153 Cromwell Road , Kensington. Reville, who was born just hours after Hitchcock, converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, apparently at the insistence of Hitchcock's mother; she

7560-671: The First World War, he worked for the rehabilitation of injured troops, especially aiding amputees like himself, during the Second World War. Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Marshall was born in London in 1890, as the only child of stage actors Percy F. Marshall and Ethel May Turner. Theatrical critics praised his father for his comic flair and "rich voice". In addition to acting, Percy wrote and directed some plays in which he appeared. Most popular in

7695-619: The German firm Emelka at the Geiselgasteig studio near Munich. Reville, by then Hitchcock's fiancée, was assistant director-editor. Although the film was a commercial flop, Balcon liked Hitchcock's work; a Daily Express headline called him the "Young man with a master mind". In March 1926, the British film magazine Picturegoer ran an article entitled "Alfred the Great" by the film critic Cedric Belfrage , who praised Hitchcock for possessing "such

7830-520: The Indies (1951). Beginning in 1950, Marshall performed periodically on television, starting with a production of An Inspector Calls for Robert Montgomery Presents . He was in The Ford Television Theatre . He appeared as the "mystery guest" on an episode of the popular game show What's My Line? in November 1954. Marshall continued to appear in films such as Angel Face (1953),

7965-550: The London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar. In a book-length interview in 1962, he told François Truffaut that he had studied "mechanics, electricity, acoustics, and navigation". Then, on 12 December 1914, his father, who had been suffering from emphysema and kidney disease, died at the age of 52. To support himself and his mother — his older siblings had left home by then — Hitchcock took

8100-508: The London Fog (1927), helped to shape the thriller genre, and Blackmail (1929) was the first British " talkie ". His thrillers The 39 Steps (1935) and The Lady Vanishes (1938) are ranked among the greatest British films of the 20th century. By 1939, he had international recognition and producer David O. Selznick persuaded him to move to Hollywood. A string of successful films followed, including Rebecca (1940), Foreign Correspondent (1940), Suspicion (1941), Shadow of

8235-587: The MacGuffin is a stolen set of design plans. Hitchcock released two spy thrillers in 1936. Sabotage was loosely based on Joseph Conrad 's novel, The Secret Agent (1907), about a woman who discovers that her husband is a terrorist, and Secret Agent , based on two stories in Ashenden: Or the British Agent (1928) by W. Somerset Maugham . At this time, Hitchcock also became notorious for pranks against

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8370-596: The Second World War, Marshall made numerous appearances on the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) , hosting The Globe Theatre and guest-starring on Command Performance and Mail Call , among other programmes. He was also one of the leaders of a Hollywood British committee that helped organise the community's contributions to British war relief. In 1940, Marshall co-starred with Rosalind Russell in Noël Coward 's Still Life (from Tonight at 8.30 ) at

8505-607: The Sun (1946). Notorious stars Bergman and Grant, both Hitchcock collaborators, and features a plot about Nazis, uranium and South America. His prescient use of uranium as a plot device led to him being briefly placed under surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation . According to Patrick McGilligan, in or around March 1945, Hitchcock and Hecht consulted Robert Millikan of the California Institute of Technology about

8640-409: The UK. Upon its release, the trade journal Bioscope wrote: "It is possible that this film is the finest British production ever made". Hitchcock told Truffaut that the film was the first of his to be influenced by German Expressionism : "In truth, you might almost say that The Lodger was my first picture." In a strategy for self-publicity, The Lodger saw him make his first cameo appearance in

8775-449: The US. It also established the quintessential English "Hitchcock blonde" ( Madeleine Carroll ) as the template for his succession of ice-cold, elegant leading ladies. Screenwriter Robert Towne remarked: "It's not much of an exaggeration to say that all contemporary escapist entertainment begins with The 39 Steps ". John Buchan , author of The Thirty-Nine Steps on which the film is loosely based, met with Hitchcock on set, and attended

8910-512: The advertising department, where he wrote copy and drew graphics for electric cable advertisements. He enjoyed the job and would stay late at the office to examine the proofs; he told Truffaut that this was his "first step toward cinema". He enjoyed watching films, especially American cinema, and from the age of 16 read the trade papers; he watched Charlie Chaplin , D. W. Griffith and Buster Keaton , and particularly liked Fritz Lang 's Der müde Tod (1921). While still at Henley's, he read in

9045-674: The aforementioned Brown Sugar , The Charming People (1925–26), The High Road (1928–29), Michael and Mary (1930), The Swan (1930) and There's Always Juliet (1931–1932). In 1927, Marshall debuted onscreen opposite Pauline Frederick in the British silent film Mumsie (1927). He made his first American film appearance as the lover of Jeanne Eagels 's character in the first version of The Letter (1929), produced at Paramount Pictures ' Astoria studios two years later. After The Letter , in Britain once again, he notably starred in Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder! (1930). The following year, he returned to Paramount to make Secrets of

9180-413: The age of 93. Reville became her husband's closest collaborator; Charles Champlin wrote in 1982: "The Hitchcock touch had four hands, and two were Alma's." When Hitchcock accepted the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, he said that he wanted to mention "four people who have given me the most affection, appreciation and encouragement, and constant collaboration. The first of the four is a film editor,

9315-415: The air, and Jim collapses onto the floor, pretending to be hit. The deception works: Joan opens the door and rushes to his side. In England, Columbia promoted the film as a Frank Capra production. Capra, the top director at the studio—who had been feuding with studio head Harry Cohn over financial and artistic issues—sued Columbia for unlawful use of his name. The parties settled, with Capra returning to

9450-577: The bleak film noir Shadow of a Doubt (1943). Suspicion (1941) marked Hitchcock's first film as a producer and director. It is set in England; Hitchcock used the north coast of Santa Cruz for the English coastline sequence. The film is the first of four in which Cary Grant was cast by Hitchcock, and it is one of the rare occasions that Grant plays a sinister character. Grant plays Johnnie Aysgarth, an English conman whose actions raise suspicion and anxiety in his shy young English wife, Lina McLaidlaw ( Joan Fontaine ). In one scene, Hitchcock placed

9585-501: The cast and crew. These jokes ranged from simple and innocent to crazy and maniacal. For instance, he hosted a dinner party where he dyed all the food blue because he claimed there weren't enough blue foods. He also had a horse delivered to the dressing room of his friend, actor Gerald du Maurier . Hitchcock followed up with Young and Innocent in 1937, a crime thriller based on the 1936 novel A Shilling for Candles by Josephine Tey . Starring Nova Pilbeam and Derrick De Marney ,

9720-481: The contractual obligations or thought the projects were repellent. However, producer David O. Selznick offered him a concrete proposal to make a film based on the sinking of RMS  Titanic , which was eventually shelved, but Selznick persuaded Hitchcock to come to Hollywood . In July 1938, Hitchcock flew to New York, and found that he was already a celebrity; he was featured in magazines and gave interviews to radio stations. In Hollywood, Hitchcock met Selznick for

9855-584: The development of a uranium bomb. Selznick complained that the notion was "science fiction", only to be confronted by the news of the detonation of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in August 1945. Hitchcock formed an independent production company, Transatlantic Pictures , with his friend Sidney Bernstein . He made two films with Transatlantic, one of which was his first colour film. With Rope (1948), Hitchcock experimented with marshalling suspense in

9990-401: The differences between tourists and locals. Describing himself as a well-behaved boy — his father called him his "little lamb without a spot" — Hitchcock said he could not remember ever having had a playmate. One of his favourite stories for interviewers was about his father sending him to the local police station with a note when he was five; the policeman looked at the note and locked him in

10125-410: The director aggressively promoting himself during this period. In a 1925 London Film Society meeting he declared directors were what mattered most in making films, with Donald Spoto writing that Hitchcock proclaimed, " We make a film succeed. The name of the director should be associated in the public's mind with a quality product. Actors come and go, but the name of the director should stay clearly in

10260-584: The fact that he had a prosthetic limb, although it was occasionally reported in the press. Marshall suffered from his war injury for the rest of his life, both from phantom pain common to amputees and from the prosthesis. One friend remembered that he kept holes in his trouser pocket so that he could inconspicuously loosen a strap on his prosthetic leg in order to ease sudden discomfort. The pain in his leg became more pronounced later in life, including bothering him on film shoots in ways noticeable to others and exacerbating his usually very slight limp. Following

10395-476: The feature films College Confidential (1960), Midnight Lace (1960), A Fever in the Blood (1961), Five Weeks in a Balloon (1962), The List of Adrian Messenger (1963) and The Caretakers (1963). He guest starred on episodes of Hong Kong , Michael Shayne , Zane Grey Theater , and 77 Sunset Strip . "They don't seem to make my kind of pictures any more," he said in 1964. His last performance

10530-513: The film at least to end ambiguously, but the star was Ivor Novello , a matinée idol , and the " star system " meant that Novello could not be the villain. Hitchcock told Truffaut: "You have to clearly spell it out in big letters: 'He is innocent.'" (He had the same problem years later with Cary Grant in Suspicion (1941).) Released in January 1927, The Lodger was a commercial and critical success in

10665-464: The film was relatively enjoyable for the cast and crew to make. To meet distribution purposes in America, the film's runtime was cut and this included removal of one of Hitchcock's favourite scenes: a children's tea party which becomes menacing to the protagonists. Hitchcock's next major success was The Lady Vanishes (1938), "one of the greatest train movies from the genre's golden era", according to Philip French , in which Miss Froy ( May Whitty ),

10800-508: The first time. Selznick offered him a four-film contract, approximately $ 40,000 for each picture (equivalent to $ 870,000 in 2023). Selznick signed Hitchcock to a seven-year contract beginning in April 1939, and the Hitchcocks moved to Hollywood. The Hitchcocks lived in a spacious flat on Wilshire Boulevard , and slowly acclimatised themselves to the Los Angeles area. He and his wife Alma kept

10935-469: The footlights served only to illumine, mockingly. After education at St Mary's College in Harlow , Essex, Marshall worked for a time as an accounting clerk. After being sacked for the slow speed of his calculations, he took a job as an assistant business manager of a theatre troupe run by a friend of his father's. He later had a series of different backstage jobs at various theatres and acting companies. When

11070-416: The greatest director of screen melodramas in the world." The film was based on the novel The Wheel Spins (1936) written by Ethel Lina White , and starred Michael Redgrave (in his film debut) and Margaret Lockwood . By 1938, Hitchcock was aware that he had reached his peak in Britain. He had received numerous offers from producers in the United States, but he turned them all down because he disliked

11205-525: The high-profile premiere at the New Gallery Cinema in London. Upon viewing the film, the author said it had improved on the book. This film was one of the first to introduce the " MacGuffin " plot device, a term coined by the English screenwriter and Hitchcock collaborator Angus MacPhail . The MacGuffin is an item or goal the protagonist is pursuing, one that otherwise has no narrative value; in The 39 Steps ,

11340-683: The liberation of Nazi concentration camps . The film was assembled in London and produced by Sidney Bernstein of the Ministry of Information, who brought Hitchcock (a friend of his) on board. It was originally intended to be broadcast to the Germans, but the British government deemed it too traumatic to be shown to a shocked post-war population. Instead, it was transferred in 1952 from the British War Office film vaults to London's Imperial War Museum and remained unreleased until 1985, when an edited version

11475-408: The mind of the audience." Visually, it was extraordinarily imaginative for the time, most notably in the scene in which Hitchcock installed a glass floor so that he could show the lodger pacing up and down in his room from below, as though overheard by his landlady. — BFI entry for Hitchcock's first thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927) Hitchcock established himself as

11610-586: The most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood's Golden Age , including Barbara Stanwyck , Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich , Joan Crawford and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952, Marshall starred in his own radio series The Man Called 'X' . Often praised for the quality of his voice, he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows. He performed on television as well. The actor, known for his charm, married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life. A leg amputee due to injuries sustained during

11745-622: The narrator of "The Lodger", the first audition show of the Suspense series (making 20 appearances on the program). His most famous role was as globetrotting intelligence agent Ken Thurston in The Man Called 'X' (1944–52). The series, first aired on CBS as a summer replacement for the Lux Radio Theatre , introduced Thurston as an employee of an agency known only as "The Bureau". His boss, dubbed "The Chief", tasked him with dealing with some of

11880-600: The nickname "Nellie". His parents were both Roman Catholics with English and Irish ancestry. His father was a greengrocer, as his grandfather had been. There was a large extended family, including uncle John Hitchcock with his five-bedroom Victorian house on Campion Road in Putney , complete with a maid, cook, chauffeur, and gardener. Every summer, his uncle rented a seaside house for the family in Cliftonville , Kent. Hitchcock said that he first became class-conscious there, noticing

12015-484: The number of the scene and the number of takes, and Hitchcock would often take the two numbers on the clapperboard and whisper the London tram route names. For example, if the clapperboard showed "Scene 23; Take 3", he would whisper " Woodford , Hampstead "—Woodford being the terminus of the route 23 tram, and Hampstead the end of route 3. Hitchcock told his parents that he wanted to be an engineer, and on 25 July 1913, he left St Ignatius and enrolled in night classes at

12150-526: The required age of 18 in 1917, he received a C3 classification ("free from serious organic disease, able to stand service conditions in garrisons at home ... only suitable for sedentary work"). He joined a cadet regiment of the Royal Engineers and took part in theoretical briefings, weekend drills and exercises. John Russell Taylor wrote that, in one session of practical exercises in Hyde Park , Hitchcock

12285-553: The rest of his life. He was also periodically referred to by his nickname in the press. While introduced by his given name, he was usually addressed as Bart on the radio. His parents gave him the middle name Brough (pronounced / ˈ b r ʌ f / BRUF ) after his godfather, comedic Shakespearean actor Lionel Brough . As a child, Marshall was brought up by his three maternal aunts while his parents toured in theatrical productions. During school vacations, however, they took him with them. These early experiences initially gave him

12420-454: The rest of my life — Alfred Hitchcock (1967) Hitchcock returned to the UK for an extended visit in late 1943 and early 1944. While there he made two short propaganda films , Bon Voyage (1944) and Aventure Malgache (1944), for the Ministry of Information . In June and July 1945, Hitchcock served as "treatment advisor" on a Holocaust documentary that used Allied Forces footage of

12555-505: The second is a scriptwriter, the third is the mother of my daughter, Pat, and the fourth is as fine a cook as ever performed miracles in a domestic kitchen. And their names are Alma Reville." Reville wrote or co-wrote on many of Hitchcock's films, including Shadow of a Doubt , Suspicion and The 39 Steps . Hitchcock began work on his tenth film, Blackmail (1929), when its production company, British International Pictures (BIP), converted its Elstree studios to sound . The film

12690-476: The short-lived technique of long takes, but to a more limited extent. He again used Technicolor in this production, then returned to black-and-white for several years. Transatlantic Pictures became inactive after the last two films. Hitchcock filmed Stage Fright (1950) at Elstree Studios in England, where he had worked during his British International Pictures contract many years before. He paired one of Warner Bros. ' most popular stars, Jane Wyman , with

12825-516: The sparkle to the role of the girl which it conceivably deserved." Writing for The Spectator in 1936, Graham Greene gave the film a negative review. Acknowledging that there were a few scenes and situations which bore "a few agreeable Capra touches", Greene complained that the film would have had "more wit if the main performance [by Marshall] had been less earnest, less conceited, [and] less humourless..." Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall (23 May 1890 – 22 January 1966)

12960-510: The staff were Americans with strict job specifications, but the English workers were encouraged to try their hand at anything, which meant that Hitchcock gained experience as a co-writer, art director and production manager on at least 18 silent films. The Times wrote in February 1922 about the studio's "special art title department under the supervision of Mr. A. J. Hitchcock". His work included Number 13 (1922), also known as Mrs. Peabody; it

13095-437: The studio while getting $ 100,000 (the number based on a separate dispute over salary) and having one film waived from a contractual five-film obligation. The New York Times review was mixed, stating, "the texture of the production is too uneven. It has laughs but lacks pace." The critic praised the performances of Marshall, Carrillo and Stander, but felt that "... Jean Arthur, a genuinely versatile player, could not quite lend

13230-551: The television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–65). His films garnered 46 Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director , despite five nominations. Hitchcock initially trained as a technical clerk and copywriter before entering the film industry in 1919 as a title card designer. His directorial debut was the British–German silent film The Pleasure Garden (1925). His first successful film, The Lodger: A Story of

13365-547: The theatre, he noted that one of his uncles was an actor. Godfrey was also the grandnephew of influential businessman Edward Wollstonecraft , who was the nephew of women's rights activist and author Mary Wollstonecraft and first cousin of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley , who wrote the horror classic Frankenstein . As a boy, Herbert's mother gave him the nickname Bart because she feared he would be known as Bertie, "a name then in vogue that she disliked". His family, friends and personal acquaintances continued to call him Bart for

13500-563: The war, he was most impressed with Marshall and Madeleine Carroll (who worked as a nurse at field hospitals). After the war, Marshall worked almost exclusively as a supporting actor in films: Crack-Up (1946), a noir; The Razor's Edge (1946), playing Somerset Maugham; Duel in the Sun (1946), the epic Western; Ivy (1947), with Joan Fontaine; High Wall (1947), another noir; The Secret Garden (1949) with Margaret O'Brien at MGM; The Underworld Story (1950); Black Jack (1950), billed second to George Sanders ; and Anne of

13635-505: The water for a scene because she was on her period ; budget overruns meant that he had to borrow money from the actors. Hitchcock also needed a translator to give instructions to the cast and crew. In Germany, Hitchcock observed the nuances of German cinema and filmmaking which had a big influence on him. When he was not working, he would visit Berlin's art galleries, concerts and museums. He would also meet with actors, writers and producers to build connections. Balcon asked him to direct

13770-441: The wedding as he is about to take his vows, but Rossini arrives before they leave. He and his men take Jim home at gunpoint and fetch a justice of the peace to marry Jim and Joan. Joan refuses and locks herself in her room, but Jim embraces the plan. Since Rossini's men were seen kidnapping him, he blackmails the gang into persuading her to change her mind. Outside Joan's room, Rossini pretends to argue with Jim, Flash fires his gun in

13905-430: The world's most hardened, sophisticated criminals, including smugglers, murderers, black marketeers, saboteurs, kidnappers, various types of thieves, corrupt politicians and rogue scientists. Thurston's sidekick/nemesis Egon Zellschmidt was played by character actor Hans Conried during the first season. From 1945 to 1952, Russian comic and musician Leon Belasco appeared in the same role as Pegon Zellschmidt. The show

14040-518: Was geography and he became interested in maps and the timetables of trains, trams and buses; according to John Russell Taylor , he could recite all the stops on the Orient Express . He had a particular interest in London trams . An overwhelming majority of his films include rail or tram scenes, in particular The Lady Vanishes , Strangers on a Train and Number Seventeen . A clapperboard shows

14175-441: Was an English film director. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 feature films, many of which are still widely watched and studied today. Known as the " Master of Suspense ", Hitchcock became as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo appearances in most of his films, and his hosting and producing

14310-464: Was an English stage, screen, and radio actor who starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s. After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America, he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man, frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies. In his later years, he turned to character acting. The son of actors, Marshall

14445-520: Was as a romantic actor. Syndicated columnist Edwin Schallert wrote: "The demand for Herbert Marshall's talents continues to spread far and wide. Even the newer and younger leading women, it is felt, need to have his proficient romanticism displayed in their pictures." Another reporter referred to him as the current "vogue in leading men" and noted that the top actresses often asked for him to appear with them. After Woman Against Woman (1938), Marshall

14580-409: Was at war ; his concern resulted in a film that overtly supported the British war effort. Filmed in 1939, it was inspired by the rapidly changing events in Europe, as covered by an American newspaper reporter played by Joel McCrea . By mixing footage of European scenes with scenes filmed on a Hollywood backlot , the film avoided direct references to Nazism , Nazi Germany and Germans, to comply with

14715-426: Was baptised on 31 May 1927 and confirmed at Westminster Cathedral by Cardinal Francis Bourne on 5 June. In 1928, when they learned that Reville was pregnant, the Hitchcocks purchased "Winter's Grace", a Tudor farmhouse set in eleven acres on Stroud Lane, Shamley Green , Surrey, for £2,500. Their daughter and only child, Patricia (Pat) Alma Hitchcock , was born on 7 July that year. Pat died on 9 August 2021 at

14850-549: Was born on 13 August 1899 in the flat above his parents' leased greengrocer 's shop at 517 High Road in Leytonstone , which was then part of Essex (now on the outskirts of east London ). He was the son of greengrocer and poulterer, William Edgar Hitchcock (1862–1914) and Emma Jane (née Whelan; 1863–1942). The household was "characterised by an atmosphere of discipline". He had an older brother named William John (1888–1943) and an older sister named Ellen Kathleen (1892–1979) who used

14985-515: Was broadcast as an episode of PBS Frontline , under the title the Imperial War Museum had given it: Memory of the Camps . The full-length version of the film, German Concentration Camps Factual Survey , was restored in 2014 by scholars at the Imperial War Museum. Hitchcock worked for David Selznick again when he directed Spellbound (1945), which explores psychoanalysis and features

15120-619: Was broadcast not only for the sake of entertainment but it also "alerted an anxious war-weary world to the inherent dangers of peace after war." Using his own money for travel, Marshall visited many military hospitals during the war. In particular, he focused on encouraging soldiers with amputations to keep a positive attitude and not to think of themselves as handicapped or limited. Despite his usual reluctance to discuss his own injury, he talked freely about his personal experiences in order to give these amputees tips on how to use and adjust to their new artificial limbs. Although mostly kept private,

15255-404: Was cancelled because of financial problems - the few finished scenes are lost — and Always Tell Your Wife (1923), which he and Seymour Hicks finished together when Hicks was about to give up on it. Hicks wrote later about being helped by "a fat youth who was in charge of the property room ... [n]one other than Alfred Hitchcock". When Paramount pulled out of London in 1922, Hitchcock

15390-521: Was declared, the company returned to London, and the 24-year-old enlisted in the London Regiment . "[Leopold 'Bogey' Godfrey-Turner] had a lavish joy in life, an embattled mind, keen wit, sensitive appreciations and a gallant soul...Uncle Bogey had lost his first-born son in the war...He proved to me that a man may face utter desolation without whimpering. By his fine courage and by his gorgeous humour, which not even grief could crucify, he showed me how

15525-573: Was deliberately enrolled as a ten-year-old because he was a year behind with his schooling. While biographer Gene Adair reports that Hitchcock was "an average, or slightly above-average, pupil", Hitchcock said that he was "usually among the four or five at the top of the class"; at the end of his first year, his work in Latin, English, French and religious education was noted. He told Peter Bogdanovich : "The Jesuits taught me organisation, control and, to some degree, analysis." Hitchcock's favourite subject

15660-399: Was flamboyant. Eventually, Selznick generously lent Hitchcock to the larger film studios. Selznick made only a few films each year, as did fellow independent producer Samuel Goldwyn , so he did not always have projects for Hitchcock to direct. Goldwyn had also negotiated with Hitchcock on a possible contract, only to be outbid by Selznick. In a later interview, Hitchcock said: "[Selznick] was

15795-489: Was hard to maintain; Donald Spoto wrote that his weight fluctuated considerably over the next 40 years. At the end of 1943, despite the weight loss, the Occidental Insurance Company of Los Angeles refused his application for life insurance. I felt the need to make a little contribution to the war effort, and I was both overweight and over-age for military service. I knew that if I did nothing, I'd regret it for

15930-611: Was hired as an assistant director by a new firm run in the same location by Michael Balcon , later known as Gainsborough Pictures . Hitchcock worked on Woman to Woman (1923) with the director Graham Cutts , designing the set, writing the script and producing. He said: "It was the first film that I had really got my hands onto." The editor and "script girl" on Woman to Woman was Alma Reville , his future wife. He also worked as an assistant to Cutts on The White Shadow (1924), The Passionate Adventure (1924), The Blackguard (1925) and The Prude's Fall (1925). The Blackguard

16065-1051: Was in the film The Third Day (1965). Marshall, a quietly-spoken man who was one of the pillars of the Hollywood British community, was widely respected and well-liked due to his talent and professionalism, pleasant and easygoing demeanor, sensitivity, gentlemanly and courteous manner, witty sense of humour, and his "very great personal charm". Among the actor's many friends in the British community were Edmund Goulding , Eric Blore, Ronald Colman , Clive Brook , Merle Oberon , C. Aubrey Smith , David Niven , Basil Rathbone , Sir Cedric Hardwicke and Brian Aherne . Other friends included Raymond Massey , Rod La Rocque , Vilma Bánky , Kay Francis , Mary Astor , Irving Thalberg , Norma Shearer , Joan Crawford , Melvyn Douglas , Bette Davis and Grace Moore . Although popular and likeable, Marshall suffered from bouts of depression through much of his life. In his free time, he especially enjoyed sketching and fishing. "His first charm

16200-454: Was intended to sell Canadian war bonds. Marshall and twenty-five other actors each received a plaque from a representative of the Canadian government for their participation in the film. Marshall continued to act in films through the war, increasingly as a supporting actor: When Ladies Meet (1941), Kathleen (1941) with Shirley Temple , and The Moon and Sixpence (1942) where he played

16335-411: Was later adapted by the composer into Rozsa's Piano Concerto Op. 31 (1967) for piano and orchestra. The spy film Notorious followed next in 1946. Hitchcock told François Truffaut that Selznick sold him, Ingrid Bergman, Cary Grant and Ben Hecht 's screenplay, to RKO Radio Pictures as a "package" for $ 500,000 (equivalent to $ 7.8 million in 2023) because of cost overruns on Selznick's Duel in

16470-401: Was literally submerged by letters from fat people who wanted to know where and how they could get Reduco. Hitchcock's typical dinner before his weight loss had been a roast chicken, boiled ham, potatoes, bread, vegetables, relishes, salad, dessert, a bottle of wine and some brandy. To lose weight, his diet consisted of black coffee for breakfast and lunch, and steak and salad for dinner, but it

16605-702: Was making regular appearances on both sides of the Atlantic, debuting on Broadway in The Voice from the Minaret and starring in Coward's The Young Idea (with then-wife Maitland) and The Queen Was in the Parlour . Among his other successes were Aren't We All? (1923), The Pelican (1924–25), Lavender Ladies (1925), Interference (1927–28), S.O.S. (1928) and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1931). His greatest hits with Edna Best were

16740-572: Was no drama lying in the trenches 10 months. I must have felt fear, but I don't remember it. I was too numb to recall any enterprise on my part." On 9 April 1917 he was shot in the left knee by a sniper at the Second Battle of Arras in France. After a succession of operations, doctors were forced to amputate his leg. Marshall remained hospitalised for 13 months. He later recalled in private that after his injury, he had initially over-dramatised his loss and

16875-425: Was often unhappy about Selznick's creative control and interference over his films. Selznick was also displeased with Hitchcock's method of shooting just what was in the script, and nothing more, which meant that the film could not be cut and remade differently at a later time. As well as complaining about Hitchcock's "goddamn jigsaw cutting", their personalities were mismatched: Hitchcock was reserved whereas Selznick

17010-520: Was one of the early members of the London Film Society, newly formed in 1925. Through the Society, he became fascinated by the work by Soviet filmmakers: Dziga Vertov , Lev Kuleshov , Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin . He would also socialise with fellow English filmmakers Ivor Montagu , Adrian Brunel and Walter Mycroft . Hitchcock recognised the value in cultivating his own brand, with

17145-525: Was produced at the Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam, where Hitchcock watched part of the making of F. W. Murnau 's The Last Laugh (1924). He was impressed with Murnau's work, and later used many of his techniques for the set design in his own productions. In the summer of 1925, Balcon asked Hitchcock to direct The Pleasure Garden (1925), starring Virginia Valli , a co-production of Gainsborough and

17280-410: Was required to wear puttees . He could never master wrapping them around his legs, and they repeatedly fell down around his ankles. After the war, Hitchcock took an interest in creative writing. In June 1919, he became a founding editor and business manager of Henley's in-house publication, The Henley Telegraph (sixpence a copy), to which he submitted several short stories. Henley's promoted him to

17415-613: Was reunited with Colbert in Zaza (1938). During the 1940s, Marshall was less associated with romantic leading man parts. He supported Maureen O'Hara in A Bill of Divorcement (1940) and played a villain for Hitchcock in Foreign Correspondent (1940). Marshall had one of his more famous roles when cast as Bette Davis ' cuckolded husband in The Letter (1940), directed by William Wyler with Bette Davis; Marshall previously appeared in

17550-448: Was severely ill; she died on 26 September 1942 at age 79. Hitchcock never spoke publicly about his mother, but his assistant said that he admired her. Four months later, on 4 January 1943, his brother William died of an overdose at age 52. Hitchcock was not very close to William, but his death made Hitchcock conscious about his own eating and drinking habits. He was overweight and suffering from back aches. His New Year's resolution in 1943

17685-905: Was suave in Evenings for Sale (1932) then returned to England briefly to make I Was a Spy (1933) with Saville. He was in a play in London Another Man which flopped. Back in Hollywood MGM cast him in The Solitaire Man (1933) then for Cecil B. De Mille he appeared opposite Claudette Colbert in Four Frightened People (1934). MGM used him for Riptide (1934) with Norma Shearer , Outcast Lady (1934) with Constance Bennett and The Painted Veil (1934) with Greta Garbo . Marshall, who often played kind and proper husbands betrayed by their wives, told several reporters that he

17820-663: Was the first British " talkie "; this followed the rapid development of sound films in the United States, from the use of brief sound segments in The Jazz Singer (1927) to the first full sound feature Lights of New York (1928). Blackmail began the Hitchcock tradition of using famous landmarks as a backdrop for suspense sequences, with the climax taking place on the dome of the British Museum . It also features one of his longest cameo appearances, which shows him being bothered by

17955-731: Was tired of such "gentleman" roles. Although another cuckolded husband, he appreciated his part in The Painted Veil (1934) with Garbo because his character was able to show "intestinal fortitude". The Good Fairy (1935) had him as Margaret Sullavan 's leading man; he made The Flame Within (1935) with Ann Harding , Accent on Youth (1935) with Sylvia Sidney , The Dark Angel (1935) with Fredric March and Merle Oberon , If You Could Only Cook (1935) with Jean Arthur , and The Lady Consents (1936) with Harding. He did three films with Gertrude Michael , Till We Meet Again (1936), Forgotten Faces (1936) and Make Way for

18090-553: Was to take his diet seriously with the help of a physician. In January that year, Shadow of a Doubt was released, which Hitchcock had fond memories of making. In the film, Charlotte "Charlie" Newton ( Teresa Wright ) suspects her beloved uncle Charlie Oakley ( Joseph Cotten ) of being a serial killer. Hitchcock filmed extensively on location, this time in the Northern California city of Santa Rosa . At 20th Century Fox , Hitchcock approached John Steinbeck with an idea for

18225-430: Was wrapped up in self-pity and bitterness. Before long, however, he decided he wanted to return to the theatre and learned how to walk well with a prosthetic leg in order to do so. While he was recovering at St Thomas' in London, King George V visited the hospital. When asked to pick which of the actor's legs he thought was artificial, the king chose the wrong one. Throughout his career, Marshall largely managed to hide

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