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27-581: Archaeological excavations in the centre of the village has indicated a continuous inhabitation from the 9th century BCE during the Iron Age , to the 14th century CE during the Mamluk period . Archaeological evidence indicates that this was a Jewish settlement in ancient times, and findings include ritual baths and hiding complexes used during the First Jewish–Roman War . I'billin has been identified with

54-609: A calque of the Byzantine Greek stremma and had the same size. It was likely adopted by the Ottomans from the Byzantines in Mysia - Bithynia . The Dictionary of Modern Greek defines the old Ottoman stremma as approximately 1,270 square metres (13,700 sq ft), but Costas Lapavitsas used the value of 1,600 square metres (17,000 sq ft) for the region of Naoussa in

81-629: A school open to all local children, regardless of religious affiliation. This developed into the Mar Elias Educational Institutions , an educational complex consisting of a kindergarten, elementary school, junior high school, high school. And formerly used to include a college and a university. The educational complex is located on Jabal al-Ghoul (Hill of Demons), on property belonging to the Melkite Church. The hill has been renamed Jabal al-Nour (Hill of Light). "Mar Elias University"

108-533: A town close to it", governed by Yusuf al-Umar, brother of Zahir al-Umar , the 18th-century ruler of the Galilee. The castle, still extant, probably dates from the 18th century. An Arabic inscription on the old village mosque credits the construction of both the mosque and the remains of a fortification in the village to Yusuf al-Umar. In 1799, I'billin was marked 'Obellin' on Jacotin 's map surveyed during Napoleon's invasion . The Bedouin strongman and tax farmer of

135-688: Is 1 decare . From the Ottoman period and through the early years of the British Mandate for Palestine , the size of a dunam was 919.3 square metres (9,895 sq ft), but in 1928, the metric dunam of 1,000 square metres (0.10 ha) was adopted, and this is still used today in Israel. The Dubai Statistics Center and Statistics Centre Abu Dhabi use the metric dunam (spelt as donum) for data relating to agricultural land use. One donum equals 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft). Other countries using

162-462: Is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft)), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft)), like the modern Greek royal stremma . The name dönüm , from the Ottoman Turkish dönmek ( دونمك , "to turn"), appears to be

189-461: The 1931 census 'Arab El Hujeirat was counted together with I'billin, and the census found 663 Christians and 453 Muslims living in 192 houses. In the 1945 statistics the population of I'billin was 1,660; 1,060 Christians and 600 Muslims, who owned 18,632 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. 2,367 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 8,628 used for cereals, while 95 dunams were built-up (urban) land. I'billin

216-589: The Galilee , Aqil Agha , used the fortress of I'billin, previously fortified by the family of Zahir al-Umar, as his headquarters. There, in 1848, he met William F. Lynch , head of the American expedition to the River Jordan , and made him their guide. By 1852, Aqil ceased residing in I'billin, returning to his nomadic way of life. He died in 1870 and was buried in the village, where some of his descendants were still living in

243-582: The Greek stremma or English acre , representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres (9,700 sq ft) in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft) in Iraq . The unit

270-581: The West Bank at 'Ara . The town remained under martial law until 1966. The village is of special importance to Catholics as the birthplace of Mariam Baouardy or Bawardi (1846-1878), who was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1983 and canonized by Pope Francis in 2015. Saint Mariam Bawardi is considered as one of the two first Palestinian saints, the other being Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas . In 1965 Abuna Elias Chacour , an Arab Christian from Kafr Bir'im , later Archbishop of Galilee , established

297-460: The decare (декар) is used, which is an SI unit, literally meaning 10 ares. In Cyprus , a donum is 1 337 .803 776  m or 14400 square feet. In the Republic of Cyprus older Greek-Cypriots also still refer to the donum using the local Greek Cypriot dialect word σκάλες [skales], rather than the mainland Greek word stremma (equivalent to a decare). However, since 1986 officially Cyprus uses

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324-497: The 1980s. The population in 1859 was stated by British consul Edward Thomas Rogers to have been 800 people, and the tillage fifty feddans . In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village. He estimated the population at 600, divided equally between Muslims and Christians, the latter split between the Melkite (Greek Catholic) and Greek Orthodox denominations. He noted that

351-567: The Greek Orthodox had a church dedicated to St. George. In 1881, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "A village on high ground with gardens beneath it on the south, and a spring ('Ain 'Afieh) about half a mile to the south. There is a minaret to the mosque which is a conspicuous object." According to the SWP, "The houses in the village are principally of stone; wells occur south of

378-584: The Jewish town of Evlayim or Abelim, which is attested in various Talmudic sources from the third century CE. A synagogue lintel dating between the 4th and 6th century CE was found in I'billin. It was repurposed as a step on the street leading to the village church and bears a text that translates as, "Remembered for the good is Baruch the Alexandrian(?) or son of Nehorai(?) who here supported (contributed) and made this gate. Amen. Peace." Nasir Khusraw visited

405-744: The Muslim conquest of Palestine in 637–641. The Crusader period , sometimes referred to as the medieval period , as it was the only time when the Western-type societal organisation was transplanted to the region, lasted from 1099 when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem, to 1291 when the Kingdom of Jerusalem 's last major possession in the Holy Land, Acre , was overrun by the Mamluks . In part of that period, almost every part of

432-896: The Palestine region is a timeline of major events in the history of Palestine . For more details on the history of Palestine see History of Palestine . In cases where the year or month is uncertain, it is marked with a slash, for example 636/7 and January/February. Neolithic (8,500–4,500 BCE). Chalcolithic (4,500–3,500 BCE). Early Bronze Age (3,500–2,350 BCE). Intermediate Bronze Age (2,350–2000 BCE). Middle Bronze Age (2000–1550 BCE). Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE). Iron Age I (1200–1000 BCE). IAI can be split into Iron Age IA (1200–1150 BCE) and Iron Age IB (1150–1000 BCE). Iron Age II (1000–586 BCE). IAII can be split into Iron Age IIA (1000–900 BCE), Iron Age IIB (900–700 BCE), and Iron Age IIC (700–586 BCE). Babylonian and Persian periods (586–332 BCE). The Babylonian period began with

459-579: The declaration of Nicene Christianity as the sole state religion by three co-emperors including Theodosius , emperor of the East, through the Edict of Thessalonica of 380. Allowing for varying starting dates (see above under Roman period ), this timeline chooses for convenience's sake to set the starting year of the Byzantine period as 313, when Constantine declared Christianity a permitted religion. The period ends with

486-572: The destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II in 587 or 586 BCE. The Persian period spans the years 539 –332 BCE, from the time Cyrus II of Persia ("the Great") conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire , to the conquest of the region by Alexander the Great. The Hellenistic period began with Alexander the Great 's conquest of Palestine in 332 BCE and ended with Pompey's conquest of Palestine in 63 BCE. Alternatively, it can be considered to end with

513-450: The early 20th century. In Bosnia and Herzegovina and also Serbia, the unit is called dulum (дулум) or dunum (дунум). In Bosnia and Herzegovina dunum (or dulum) equals 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft). In the region of Leskovac , south Serbia, One dulum is equal to 1,600 square metres (17,222 sq ft). In Albania it is called dynym or dylym. It is equal to 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft). In Bulgaria ,

540-650: The growth of sheets and vegetables (most notably cucumbers). Ibillin is also one of only municipalities in Israel that are allowed to raise pigs and to house pig farms on its land and it exports to multiple Arab Christian and Russian restaurants and factories all throughout Israel who sell pork products (most notably the Russian "Marcel Brothers - אחים מרסל" company based in Haifa ). Notable businesses in Ibillin: Timeline of Palestine region#Iron Age The timeline of

567-514: The hill, with olives near them. Some of the inhabitants are Greek Christians." A population list from about 1887 showed that the village had about 745 inhabitants; 400 Greek Orthodox, 70 Melkites, 30 Latin Christians and 245 Muslims. In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities , I'billin had 528 Christians and 289 Muslims, a total population of 817. Of the Christians, 410 were Orthodox, 111 Melkite and 7 Anglican. In

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594-414: The place in 1047 CE: "From Damum we passed south to another village, called A'bilin, where there is the tomb of Hud - peace be upon him! - which I visited. Within the enclosure here is a mulberry tree, and there is likewise the tomb of the prophet Uzair - peace be upon him! - which I also visited." In 1760, a traveler between Acre and Nazareth noted "the castle of Abelin, on a beautiful eminence; and

621-441: The square metre and the hectare. A donum consists of 4 evleks, each of which consists of 334.450 944  m or 3.600 square feet. In Greece, the old dönüm is called a "Turkish stremma", while today, a stremma or "royal stremma" is exactly one decare , like the metric dönüm. In Iraq , the dunam is 2,500 square metres (0.25 ha). In Israel and Turkey , the dunam is 1,000 square metres (10,764 sq ft), which

648-587: The territory changed hands repeatedly between the Crusaders and the Ayyubids . The Mamluk period lasted from 1291 when the Mamluks capture Acre, to 1517 when the Ottomans conquered Palestine. Dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish , Arabic : دونم ; Turkish : dönüm ; Hebrew : דונם ), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old , Turkish , or Ottoman stremma , was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to

675-419: The victory of Rome's client king , Herod the Great , over the last Hasmonean king of Judea in 37 BCE. The Roman period lasted from Pompey's conquest of Palestine in 66 BCE, until the legal establishment of Christianity in the realm. Suggestions for the end date vary between the Edict of Milan in 313 CE by which Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius declare Christianity a permitted religion, and

702-504: Was captured by the Israeli army during the first phase of Operation Dekel , 8–14 July 1948. Most of the Muslim population was expelled and replaced by Christians from neighbouring villages. The town was regularly searched for people who were not registered in the November 1948 census. On 8 January 1949 villagers from I'billin were amongst a group of 128 men, women and children, who were expelled to

729-653: Was established in 2003, claiming to be the first Arab university in Israel, though it is not officially holding a University status. It is recognized by the Council for Higher Education in Israel as a campus and operates as a branch of the University of Indianapolis in the United States. But the Israeli government ordered its closure hence it was turned into Mar Elias High School, part of the Mar Elias Educational Institutions . Ibillin historically depended on agriculture, especially

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