Misplaced Pages

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65-487: Mount Lister is in central Royal Society Range, the highest point on the main north-south ridge that includes The Pimple and Chaplains Tableland to the north and Mount Hooker, Salient Peak and Mount Rücker to the south. McConchie Ridge and Salient Ridge extend east from Salient Peak. Armitage Saddle connects the massif to the Denton Hills to the east. Emmanuel Glacier and its tributary Carleton Glacier run north along

130-575: A Maori name meaning “area of gentle breeze.” 78°09′S 163°15′E  /  78.150°S 163.250°E  / -78.150; 163.250 . The saddle at the head of Blue Glacier, overlooking the Howchin Glacier and Walcott Glacier which drain toward Walcott Bay in the Koettlitz Glacier. The saddle is at the south end of the "Snow Valley" (upper part of Blue Glacier) mapped by Armitage in 1902, and subsequently wrongly omitted from maps of

195-457: A NZARP geological party to the area, 1981-82. 78°06′S 163°00′E  /  78.100°S 163.000°E  / -78.100; 163.000 A prominent ridge, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long, between Hooker Glacier and Salient Glacier. Named by the NZ-APC from a proposal by R.H. Findlay, whose NZARP geological party worked in the area of the ridge in 1979-80. So named because

260-468: A few months had its signal received as far as the US east coast. AFAN had changed frequencies several times in subsequent years. The station continued broadcasting on shortwave into the 1980s when it dropped shortwave while continuing FM transmission. For a time, McMurdo had Antarctica's only television station, AFAN-TV, running vintage programs provided by the military. Broadcasts started on November 9, 1973, with

325-470: A few times every year, often as early as May, and sometimes even as early as April, and very rarely above 0 °C. The highest temperature ever recorded at McMurdo was 10.8 °C on December 21, 1987. There is enough snowmelt in summer that a few species of moss and lichen can grow. Starting in 1963, McMurdo played host to one of the only two shortwave broadcast stations in Antarctica. From sign-on to 1971,

390-556: A member of R.H. Findlay’s New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP) field party, 1979-80. “Frio” is the Spanish word for cold and commemorates work conducted in the area in 1979 in piercing cold wind. 78°06′S 162°57′E  /  78.100°S 162.950°E  / -78.100; 162.950 . A pass at about 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) high over Frostbite Spine, the ridge between Hooker Glacier and Salient Glacier. Named after Copland Pass, New Zealand, by R.H. Findlay, leader of

455-466: A mix of US programs and interviews with visitors and scientists, as well as a daily news and weather service. The station's equipment was susceptible to "electronic burping" from the diesel generators that provide electricity in the outpost. The station was profiled in a 1975 article in TV Guide magazine, where the station broadcast in the summer months, known by staff as "the season" (November to February),

520-452: A party member suffered frostbite injury here and had to be replaced. 78°10′S 162°45′E  /  78.167°S 162.750°E  / -78.167; 162.750 . A rock spur trending southeast from Salient Peak. Named in 1985 by the NZ-APC after John A. McConchie, field assistant with the NZARP geological party to this area, 1979-80, led by R.H. Findlay. McConchie joined the party as

585-578: A party of the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04 (BrNAE), that explored this area. The name is descriptive of the feature. The Cathedral Rocks are in the north of the Royal Society Range, to the south of Ferrar Glacier and the west of Briggs Hill . Emmanuel Glacier flows along their west side, and Condit Glacier flows along their east side. Zoller Glacier , Darkowski Glacier and Bol Glacier flow through

650-475: A polar ice cap climate ( Köppen EF ). However, in the warmest months (December and January) the monthly average high temperature may occasionally rise above freezing. The place is protected from cold waves from the interior of Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains , so temperatures below −40° are rare, compared to more exposed places like Neumayer Station , which usually gets those temperatures

715-472: A proprietary, non-replaceable part critical to battery storage reduced the power generation of the turbines by 66% by 2019. Between 1962 and 1963, 28 Arcas sounding rockets were launched from McMurdo Station. McMurdo Station stands about two miles (3 km) from Scott Base , the New Zealand science station, and all of Ross Island lies within a sector claimed by New Zealand. Criticism has been leveled at

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780-500: A rally. As of 2007 , McMurdo Station was Antarctica's largest community and a functional, modern-day science station, including a harbor , three airfields (two seasonal), a heliport and more than 100 buildings, including the Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center . The station is also home to the continent's two ATMs , both provided by Wells Fargo Bank . The work done at McMurdo Station primarily focuses on science , but most of

845-514: A replacement for Adrian Daly who suffered from frostbite. 78°09′S 163°06′E  /  78.15°S 163.1°E  / -78.15; 163.1 A peak rising to 2,062 metres (6,765 ft) at the south side of Bowden Glacier . It stands 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) west of Murihau Peak on the west-east ridge marking the head of Blue Glacier. Named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in 1994. Poutini

910-524: A series of four abrupt cliffs interspersed by short glaciers and surmounted by sharp peaks. The cliffs extend for 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) along the south side of Ferrar Glacier and form part of the north shoulder of the Royal Society Range , in Victoria Land , Antarctica. The Carhedral Rocks were discovered and named on December 7, 1902 by Lieutenant Albert Armitage , leader of

975-459: Is about 45 cm × 60 cm (18 in × 24 in) in size, and is secured to a large vertical rock halfway up the west side of Observation Hill , at the former site of the PM-3A nuclear power reactor at McMurdo Station. The inscription details the achievements of Antarctica's first nuclear power plant. It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 85), following a proposal by

1040-525: Is one of a group in the area associated with surveying applied in 1993 by NZGB. Named from the refracting telescope as used in surveying; most commonly used as theodolites. 77°58′S 163°02′E  /  77.967°S 163.033°E  / -77.967; 163.033 . The summit at the extremity of the ridge which extends east from Royal Society Range between Mitchell Glacier and Lister Glacier. Named in 1992 by US-ACAN after Phillip D. Ibarra, USGS cartographic technician; member of USGS field parties in

1105-423: Is one of a group in the area associated with surveying applied in 1993 by NZGB. Named from transit theodolite, a telescope that can be rotated through the vertical position. 77°56′S 163°07′E  /  77.933°S 163.117°E  / -77.933; 163.117 . The summit peak, 1,270 metres (4,170 ft) high of the east portion of Transit Ridge on the east side of Royal Society Range. The name

1170-401: Is the guardian taniwha of the essence of New Zealand greenstone. 78°08′00″S 163°10′00″E  /  78.1333333°S 163.1666667°E  / -78.1333333; 163.1666667 . A peak 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) west of Armitage Saddle. It rises to 2,026 metres (6,647 ft) on the west-east ridge at the head of Blue Glacier. Named by NZGB in 1994. Murihau is

1235-849: Is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,500 residents, and serves as one of three year-round United States Antarctic science facilities. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station first pass through McMurdo. McMurdo Station continues to operate as the hub for American activities on the Antarctic continent. By road, McMurdo is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from New Zealand 's smaller Scott Base . The station takes its name from its geographic location on McMurdo Sound , named after Lieutenant Archibald McMurdo of British ship HMS  Terror . The Terror , commanded by Irish explorer Francis Crozier , along with expedition flagship Erebus under command of English Explorer James Clark Ross , first charted

1300-574: The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), opened for signature on December 1, 1959, and officially entered into force on June 23, 1961. The first scientific diving protocols were established before 1960 and the first diving operations were documented in November 1961. On March 3, 1962, the U.S. Navy activated the PM-3A nuclear power plant at the station. The unit was prefabricated in modules to facilitate transport and assembly. Engineers designed

1365-485: The British National Antarctic Expedition (BrNAE) under Scott, 1901-04. 77°55′S 162°39′E  /  77.917°S 162.650°E  / -77.917; 162.650 A broad elevated glacier, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, flowing northeast from Fogle Peak to enter Condit Glacier . Named in 1992 by US-ACAN after glaciologist Barclay Kamb of the California Institute of Technology; from

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1430-410: The British National Antarctic Expedition (BrNAE; 1901-04) which named it for Sir Joseph Hooker . 78°02′03″S 163°07′07″E  /  78.034249°S 163.118729°E  / -78.034249; 163.118729 . Ridge, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long, located 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) northeast of Mount Hooker, bounded on the northwest by Ball Glacier and on

1495-746: The United States Geological Survey . McMurdo Station McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research station on the southern tip of Ross Island , which is in the New Zealand –claimed Ross Dependency on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), a branch of the National Science Foundation . The station

1560-522: The 1963 winter party at McMurdo Station . 77°52′S 162°21′E  /  77.867°S 162.350°E  / -77.867; 162.350 . A peak in Cathedral Rocks, Royal Society Range, rising to 1,925 metres (6,316 ft) high between the lower portions of Zoller Glacier and Darkowski Glacier. Named in 1992 by US-ACAN in association with Chaplains Tableland (q.v.) after Lieutenant Commander William C. Fuller, United States Navy, chaplain with

1625-609: The 1964 winter party at McMurdo Station. 77°52′S 162°31′E  /  77.867°S 162.517°E  / -77.867; 162.517 . A peak in Cathedral Rocks rising to 2,025 metres (6,644 ft) high between Darkowski Glacier and Bol Glacier. Named in 1992 by US-ACAN in association with Chaplains Tableland after Lieutenant John C. Mignone, United States Navy, chaplain with the 1966 winter party at McMurdo Station. 77°52′S 162°38′E  /  77.867°S 162.633°E  / -77.867; 162.633 . A peak rising to 1,905 metres (6,250 ft) high, surmounting

1690-602: The 1980's, a principal investigator in USARP studies of the West Antarctic ice sheet, including the drilling of deep boreholes to the base of Siple Coast ice streams; research in order to determine the mechanisms by which the ice streams are able to move at relatively greater speeds than the surrounding ice sheet. 77°57′S 162°34′E  /  77.950°S 162.567°E  / -77.950; 162.567 A distinctive pointed peak, 2,475 metres (8,120 ft) high, standing at

1755-459: The 1988-89, 1989-90 and 1990-91 seasons; participated in establishing geodetic control at Ross Island, McMurdo Dry Valleys, South Pole Station and, working from USCGC Polar Star, the Victoria Land coast from Cape Adare to Ross Island. 77°57′S 162°49′E  /  77.950°S 162.817°E  / -77.950; 162.817 . A peak, 2,595 metres (8,514 ft) high, which rises above

1820-765: The BrAE, 1910-13. The New Zealand Blue Glacier Party of the CTAE, 1956-58, established a survey station on the saddle in September 1957. They named it for Lieutenant A.B. Armitage, second-in-command of the BrNAE, 1901-04, in recognition of his exploration in this area. 78°12′S 163°12′E  /  78.2°S 163.2°E  / -78.2; 163.2 . A ridge between Walcott Glacier and Howchin Glacier . Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) in association with Chancellor Lakes near

1885-708: The End of the World reports on the life and culture of McMurdo Station from the point-of-view of residents. Anthony Powell's 2013 documentary Antarctica: A Year on Ice provides time-lapse photography of Antarctica intertwined with personal accounts from residents of McMurdo Station and of the adjacent Scott Base over the course of a year. An annual sealift by cargo ships as part of Operation Deep Freeze delivers 8 million U.S. gallons (6.6 million imperial gallons/42 million liters) of fuel and 11 million pounds (5 million kg) of supplies and equipment for McMurdo residents. The ships, operated by

1950-453: The IGY, it became the center for US scientific as well as logistical activities in Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty , subsequently signed by over forty-five governments, regulates intergovernmental relations with respect to Antarctica and governs the conduct of daily life at McMurdo for United States Antarctic Program (USAP) participants. The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called

2015-574: The New Zealand Geographic Board (1994) after Charles A. (Cas) Roper, member of the summer party at Scott Base, 1976-77; officer-in-charge and senior scientific officer, winter party 1980; New Zealand scientist who oversaw Scott Base laboratory programs for 20 years. 78°09′S 162°45′E  /  78.150°S 162.750°E  / -78.150; 162.750 . A buttressed peak of the Royal Society Range between Mount Rücker and Mount Hooker. A ridge descends eastward from it and forms

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2080-495: The Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, from 1976. 77°59′S 162°40′E  /  77.983°S 162.667°E  / -77.983; 162.667 . Small cone-shaped peak, 3,215 metres (10,548 ft) high, midway between Mount Lister and Camels Hump. Discovered and named by the BrNAE under Scott, 1901-04. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

2145-533: The U.S. Military Sealift Command , are crewed by civilian mariners. Cargo may range from mail, construction materials, trucks, tractors, dry and frozen food, to scientific instruments. U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers break a ship channel through ice-clogged McMurdo Sound in order for supply ships to reach Winter Quarters Bay at McMurdo. Additional supplies and personnel are flown into nearby Williams Field from Christchurch in New Zealand. With all months having an average temperature below freezing, McMurdo features

2210-500: The U.S. Navy Seabees , was initially designated Naval Air Facility McMurdo . On November 28, 1957, Admiral George J. Dufek visited McMurdo with a U.S. congressional delegation for a change-of-command ceremony. McMurdo Station was the center of United States logistical operations during the International Geophysical Year , an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. After

2275-468: The US-ACAN in 1963 in honor of the chaplains who have served in Antarctica, primarily at McMurdo Station . The feature is clearly visible from McMurdo Station. 78°03′25″S 162°27′07″E  /  78.05705°S 162.452048°E  / -78.05705; 162.452048 A rock spur about 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long, that extends northwestward from Mount Lister. The spur separates

2340-583: The US. Voice communications within the station are conducted via VHF radio. Testing of the Starlink service began in September 2022, with a second terminal providing connectivity for the Allan Hills field camp brought in November 2022. The Starlink test ran from January to March of 2023, when it was shut off indefinitely to analyze test data. McMurdo has the world's most southerly harbor. A multitude of on- and off-road vehicles transport people and cargo around

2405-532: The appearance of a gablelike projection from the north part of Chaplains Tableland. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1992 after Erick Chiang, Manager, Polar Operations Section, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation , from 1991. 78°01′S 162°39′E  /  78.017°S 162.650°E  / -78.017; 162.650 . A high tableland just north of Mount Lister. Named by

2470-502: The area in 1841. The British explorer Robert Falcon Scott established a base camp close to this spot in 1902 and built a cabin there that was named Discovery Hut . It still stands as a historic monument near the water's edge on Hut Point at McMurdo Station. The volcanic rock of the site is the southernmost bare ground accessible by ship in the world. The United States officially opened its first station at McMurdo on February 16, 1956, as part of Operation Deep Freeze . The base, built by

2535-598: The base regarding its construction projects, particularly the McMurdo-(Amundsen-Scott) South Pole highway . McMurdo Station has attempted to improve environmental management and waste removal in order to adhere to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty , signed on October 4, 1991, which entered into force on January 14, 1998. This agreement prevents development and provides for

2600-500: The callsign was KMSA, from then on it was changed to WASA (W A ntarctic S upport A ctivities), later changing to AFAN in 1975. As KMSA, the station broadcast in the same building as the bowling alley, the barber shop and the retail store. A part of the vinyl collection reportedly came from Vietnam, believing to have been played by Adrian Cronauer 's show in Saigon. In a 1997 interview to The Antarctic Sun , Cronauer denied these claims and

2665-409: The components to weigh no more than 30,000 pounds (14,000 kg) each and to measure no more than 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) by 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m). A single core no larger than an oil drum served as the heart of the nuclear reactor . These size and weight restrictions aimed to allow delivery of the reactor in an LC-130 Hercules aircraft, but

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2730-431: The components were delivered by ship. The reactor generated 1.8 MW of electrical power and reportedly replaced the need for 1,500 US gallons (5,700 L) of oil daily. Engineers applied the reactor's power, for instance, in producing steam for the salt-water distillation plant. As a result of continuing safety issues (hairline cracks in the reactor and water leaks), the U.S. Army Nuclear Power Program decommissioned

2795-613: The east end of the ridge. 78°13′S 163°18′E  /  78.217°S 163.300°E  / -78.217; 163.300 . Small twin lakes near the crest of the ridge north of the Walcott Glacier. Named by the New Zealand University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition, 1960-61, in honor of the chancellor of that university. 78°12′00″S 163°22′00″E  /  78.2°S 163.3666667°E  / -78.2; 163.3666667 . An ice-free volcanic crater lying to

2860-562: The east side of the ridge to Ferrar Glacier . Howchin Glacier flows southeast from the ridge system towards Koettlitz Glacier , while Salient Glacier , Hooker Glacier and Lister Glacier flow northeast into Blue Glacier . Download coordinates as: Features and nearby features include: 77°56′S 163°05′E  /  77.933°S 163.083°E  / -77.933; 163.083 . A ridge, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, extending east from Royal Society Range between Spring Glacier and Mitchell Glacier. The name

2925-557: The formation. The Camels Hump and The Pimple are south of the rocks. Download coordinates as: 77°54′S 162°18′E  /  77.900°S 162.300°E  / -77.900; 162.300 . An ice-covered peak rising to 1,970 metres (6,460 ft) high on the south side of Ferrar Glacier. It surmounts the most western massif of Cathedral Rocks. Named in 1992 by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in association with Chaplains Tableland after Lieutenant D.L. Windle, United States Navy, chaplain with

2990-416: The head of Blue Glacier, and from that ridge Chancellor Ridge extends southeast between Howchin Glacier and Walcott Glacier . 78°08′S 163°00′E  /  78.133°S 163.000°E  / -78.133; 163.000 . A prominent ridge, 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) long, extending east-northeast from Salient Peak along the south side of Salient Glacier. Named in association with

3055-525: The head of Kamb Glacier. Named in 1992 by US-ACAN after Benson Fogle, Program Manager for Upper Atmospheric Research, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 1976-85. 77°57′S 162°30′E  /  77.950°S 162.500°E  / -77.950; 162.500 . A triangular peak, 2,455 metres (8,054 ft) high, 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) west-northwest of Fogle Peak. Named in 1992 by US-ACAN after Bernhard Lettau, Program Manager for Polar Ocean and Climate Sciences in

3120-413: The ice from 1989 to 2006. A hyperbaric chamber is available for support of polar diving operations. McMurdo Station briefly gained global notice when an anti-war protest took place on February 15, 2003. During the rally, about 50 scientists and station personnel gathered to protest against the coming invasion of Iraq by the United States. McMurdo Station was the only Antarctic location to hold such

3185-515: The most eastern massif of Cathedral Rocks. Named in 1992 by US-ACAN in association with Chaplains Tableland after Lieutenant Commander Jesse W. Essinger, United States Navy, chaplain with the 1968 winter party at McMurdo Station. 77°55′S 162°34′E  /  77.917°S 162.567°E  / -77.917; 162.567 . Dark bare knob, 2,320 metres (7,610 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Cathedral Rocks. Discovered and given this descriptive name by

3250-629: The north wall of Mitchell Glacier at the glacier head Named in 1993 by NZGB after Tuati, the Maori name of a sailor known as John Stewart, the first New Zealander to view the icy coast of Antarctica. He sailed on the ship Vincennes, the flagship of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-42, led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, United States Navy. 77°58′S 162°53′E  /  77.967°S 162.883°E  / -77.967; 162.883 . A peak 2,175 metres (7,136 ft) high on

3315-411: The only season where Antarctica was (at the time) open to aircraft. In the mid-90s, a cable network was installed. By 1998, shortly after the launch of new AFN television services the year before, the traditional AFN network was broadcast over cable channel 2 (the channel that would soon become AFN Prime), NewSports (the current AFN News and AFN Sports) was on channel 11 and Spectrum (current AFN Spectrum)

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3380-410: The peak and glacier at the suggestion of R.H. Findlay, leader of three NZARP geological parties to the area, 1977-81. 78°08′00″S 162°52′00″E  /  78.1333333°S 162.8666667°E  / -78.1333333; 162.8666667 . A peak 2,606 metres (8,550 ft) high located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) east of Salient Peak on Salient Ridge. Name suggested by K. Brodie,

3445-486: The plant in 1972. Conventional diesel generators replaced the nuclear power station, with several 500 kilowatts (670 hp) diesel generators in a central powerhouse providing electric power. A conventionally fueled water-desalination plant provided fresh water. Three Enercon E-33 (330 kW each) wind turbines were deployed in 2009 to power McMurdo and New Zealand's Scott Base, reducing diesel consumption by 11% or 463,000 liters per year. The subsequent failure of

3510-425: The protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution , fauna and flora , environmental impact assessments , waste management , and protected areas . It prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific ones. A new waste-treatment facility was built at McMurdo in 2003. Scientific diving operations continue with 10,859 dives having been conducted under

3575-460: The residents (approximately 1,000 in the summer and around 250 in the winter) are not scientists, but station personnel who provide support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance. Scientists and other personnel at McMurdo are participants in the USAP, which coordinates research and operational support in the region. Werner Herzog 's 2007 documentary Encounters at

3640-546: The ridge that forms the south wall of Mitchell Glacier near the glacier head. Named in 1993 by the NZGB after Randal Heke, foreman of the construction unit which built the N.Z. Scott Station in 1957. He remained in a supervisory role for the management of the buildings for many years until his retirement. 77°57′43″S 162°39′17″E  /  77.961888°S 162.654627°E  / -77.961888; 162.654627 . A distinctive mountain, 2,900 metres (9,500 ft) high, having

3705-530: The south of the snout of Howchin Glacier on Chancellor Ridge. Named by NZGB (1994) after Lieutenant Cmdr. James F. Brandau, U.S. Navy (USN), Squadron VX-6 helicopter pilot in the area, 1964 and 1965. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . The Pimple The Cathedral Rocks ( 77°51′S 162°36′E  /  77.850°S 162.600°E  / -77.850; 162.600  ( Cathedral Rocks ) ) are

3770-594: The south side of Lister Glacier. Named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) after D. Craw, a member of a 1980-81 New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme (NZARP) geological party that reached 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) on Mount Lister by way of this ridge. 78°06′S 162°42′E  /  78.100°S 162.700°E  / -78.100; 162.700 . Rounded summit over 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) high, standing immediately south of Mount Lister. Discovered by

3835-451: The southeast by Hooker Glacier , descending into Blue Glacier. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in 1994 in association with other names from Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park that are found in this area. 78°07′09″S 162°45′16″E  /  78.1191667°S 162.7544444°E  / -78.1191667; 162.7544444 . A prominent peak, 3,660 metres (12,010 ft) high, between Mount Hooker and Salient Peak. Named by

3900-639: The station area, including Ivan the Terra Bus (a pun on Ivan the Terrible ). There is a road from McMurdo to the New Zealand Scott Base and South Pole, the South Pole Traverse . McMurdo station is serviced seasonally from Christchurch Airport about 3,920 kilometres (2,440 mi) away by air, with C-17 Globemaster and Lockheed LC-130 , by three airports: The Richard E. Byrd Historic Monument

3965-524: The upper part of Emmanuel Glacier from Carleton Glacier . The spur was named by the US-ACAN in 1994 after the University of Waikato in Hamilton, New Zealand , in association with nearby features that are named after colleges and universities. 78°00′S 163°00′E  /  78.000°S 163.000°E  / -78.000; 163.000 . A prominent ridge that trends northeast from Mount Lister along

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4030-468: The vinyl collection was apparently destroyed. The station—AFAN McMurdo—initially operated on AM 600 and had a power of 50 W, but by 1974, it transmitted with a power of 1 kilowatt on the shortwave frequency of 6,012 kHz and became a target for shortwave radio listening to hobbyists around the world because of its rarity. The station was picked up by DX for the first time in New Zealand in July 1974, and within

4095-701: The watershed between tributaries of the Blue Glacier on the north and Walcott Glacier on the south. So named by the New Zealand Blue Glacier Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE; 1956-58) because it forms a salient of the Royal Society Range, where the summit turns southwest toward Mount Rücker and Mount Muggins. To the east of Salient Peak, Salient Ridge extends northeast and McConchie Ridge extends southeast. A ridge extends due east to Armitage Saddle at

4160-534: Was erected at McMurdo in 1965. It includes a bronze bust on black marble , 150 cm × 60 cm (5 ft × 2 ft) square, on a wooden platform, bearing inscriptions describing the polar exploration achievements of Richard E. Byrd . It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 54), following a proposal by the United States to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting . The bronze Nuclear Power Plant Plaque

4225-553: Was on channel 13. McMurdo Station receives both Internet and voice communications by satellite communications via the Optus D1 satellite and relayed to Sydney, Australia. A satellite dish at Black Island provides 20 Mbit/s Internet connectivity and voice communications. Voice communications are tied into the United States Antarctic Program headquarters in Centennial, Colorado , providing inbound and outbound calls to McMurdo from

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