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36-696: The Milan Triennial IX was the Triennial in Milan sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) on the 7 June 1950. Its theme was Goods - Standard . It was held at the Palazzo dell'Arte and ran from 12 May 1951 to 5 November 1951. Tapio Wirkkala , Rut Bryk and Dora Jung all won Grand Prix, with Birger Kaipiainen receiving an honorable mention. Toini Muona, Ilmari Tapiovaara and Kaj Franck won gold medals and Lisa Johansson-Pape and Kyllikki Salmenhaara

72-753: A World Expo can also be large, sometimes 5,000 to 10,000 square metres in size, mini city blocks in themselves and sometimes more than several stories in height. (The Australia Pavilion for Shanghai 2010 was 5,000 square metres, the British Pavilion sat on a 6,000 square metres lot, as did the Canadian Pavilion. The flagship Chinese National Pavilion had 20,000 square metres of exhibition space.) World Expos have been known to average 200,000 persons per day of visitors and some 50 to 70 million visitors during their six-month duration. Montreal's Expo 67 attracted 54 million visitors, Osaka's Expo '70, 64 million visitors,

108-662: A central, unifying, Festival Plaza where people could meet and socialise. They called this the Symbol Zone and covered it and the themed pavilions with a giant space frame roof. The designers liked the idea that like the 1851 Great Exhibition in London , the roof of the Symbol Zone could be a unifying entity for the expo. They did not want the constraint imposed by the London Exhibition of having everything contained under one roof, so

144-620: A duration of between three weeks and three months. Countries, international organizations, civil societies, and corporations are allowed to participate but the theme of the Expo must address a precise challenge, e.g. Future Energy ( Expo 2017 Astana), or Living Oceans and the Coast ( Expo 2012 Yeosu). The pavilions are built by the Organiser and made available to participants who may customise them. The largest pavilion may be no larger than 1,000 square meters, and

180-617: A few memorials remain, including part of the roof for Festival Plaza designed by Tange. The most famous of the still-intact pieces is the Tower of the Sun. The former international art museum pavilion designed by Kiyoshi Kawasaki was used as the building for the National Museum of Art, Osaka until March 2004 (the museum moved to downtown Osaka in November 2004). Additionally, there is a time capsule that

216-577: A greater exhibition site than other World Expos of the era. According to the new amendment, there were only two World Expos between 1970 and 1992 with over 12 Specialized Expos in that same period. Most of these indeed are smaller exhibitions on a focused theme, but some, such as Expo 86 and Expo 88, were intended as full-fledged World Expos. Others, such as Expo 74, the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, or Expo '85, were specialized exhibitions that were promoted as full World Expos. 184 countries are member states of

252-503: A pavilion provided by the Organiser or to participate within a joint pavilion, which has lower participation costs. Examples of themes of recent World Expos include "Man and His World" for Expo '67 in Montreal , and "Age of Discoveries" for Seville Expo '92 , and examples of joint pavilion buildings for a Registered Exposition is the Plaza of America at Seville's Expo '92, which was constructed by

288-455: A silver one. This article about culture in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bureau of International Expositions The Bureau International des Expositions ( BIE ; English : International Exhibitions Bureau) is an intergovernmental organization created to supervise international exhibitions (also known as expos, global expos or world expos ) falling under

324-601: Is no longer listed as a member of BIE. On 16 October 2012, the Conservative government ended Canada's membership of the BIE when the federal government cancelled its $ 25,000 per year membership fee as part of "reviewing all spending across government with the aim of reducing the deficit and returning to balanced budgets." Five International Exhibitions have been sanctioned by the BIE in the United States since World War II : one in

360-483: Is the starting part of the 4th Movement of Dvořák 's Symphony No. 9 in E Minor "From the New World" . Expo 70 The Expo was designed by Japanese architect Kenzō Tange , assisted by 12 other Japanese architects. Bridging the site along a north–south axis was the Symbol Zone. Planned on three levels, it was primarily a social space with a unifying space frame roof. The Expo attracted international attention for

396-726: Is to be left for 5,000 years and opened in the year 6970. The capsule was donated by The Mainichi Newspapers Co. and the Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. The concept creating time capsules at world's fairs started with the two Westinghouse Time Capsules , which are to be opened in 6939. Part of the Expo Commemoration Park is now ExpoCity, a shopping mall that features the Redhorse Osaka Wheel . Osaka successfully bid for Expo 2025 alongside Yekaterinburg , Russia and Baku , Azerbaijan . However,

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432-569: The Festival Plaza mechanical, electrical and electronic installations; and Kiyonori Kikutake for the Landmark Tower. Two main principles informed the master plan. The first was the idea that the wisdom of all the peoples of the world would come together in this place and stimulate ideas; the second was that it would be less of an exposition and more of a festival . The designers thought that unlike previous expositions they wished to produce

468-638: The International Association of Horticultural Producers , are recognized since 1960. The Bureau International des Expositions also recognises the Milan Triennial Exhibition of Decorative Arts and Modern Architecture , on grounds of historical precedence, provided that it retains its original features. Since the creation of the BIE in 1928, different protocols have governed Expo categories, which are generally split between World Expos and Specialised Expos. The rules for each category define

504-795: The BIE was revoked in June 2001 due to non-allocation of funds by the U.S. Congress for two years. The withdrawal of the United States from the BIE had a limited impact on the BIE and on the participation of the United States in International Exhibitions: the country hosted pavilions at World Expo 2005 in Aichi Prefecture , Japan; World Expo 2010 in Shanghai , China; Specialised Expo 2012 in Yeosu , South Korea; and World Expo 2015 in Milan , Italy. However,

540-591: The BIE: Australia was a signatory to the treaty and won the right to hold the 1988 World Exposition . In 2015 the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry requested that the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia) reconsider membership, as the cost was too high and "difficult to demonstrate an appropriate return on investment", and that membership be withdrawn temporarily in 2015. Australia

576-583: The Convention on International Exhibitions, World Expos (formally known as International Registered Exhibitions) may occur every five years, and may last up to six months. Countries, international organizations, civil societies, and corporations are allowed to participate in World Expos. The themes of World Expos address a universal challenge facing humanity, and international participants may design and build their own pavilions. Participants may also opt to customise

612-642: The Expo site must not exceed an area of twenty-five hectares. For this reason Specialised Expos are cheaper to run than World Expos. There are blurred lines between Specialized and World Expositions prior to the 1996 amendment of the BIE's constitution. Some Specialized Expos, such as Expo 86 in Vancouver, Expo '85 in Tsukuba, or Hemisfair '68, ran for six months and pulled in greater attendance numbers than their 'World Expo' relatives. Many of these specialized expos also had individual pavilions for their participants or covered

648-578: The Moon by Apollo 12 astronauts in 1969. Expo '70 also saw the premiere of the first-ever IMAX film: the Canadian -produced Tiger Child for the Fuji Group pavilion. The Expo also featured demonstrations of conveyor belt sushi , early mobile phones , local area networking and maglev train technology. The site of Expo '70 is now Expo Commemoration Park . Almost all pavilions have been demolished, but

684-473: The Senri Hills outside Osaka had been earmarked for the site and a Theme Committee under the chairmanship of Seiji Kaya was formed. Kenzo Tange and Uzo Nishiyama were appointed to produce the master plan for the Expo. The main theme would be Progress and Harmony for Mankind . Tange invited 12 other architects to elucidate designs for elements within the master plan. These architects included: Arata Isozaki for

720-587: The Seville Expo '92, 41 million visitors and Shanghai's Expo 2010 attracted 70 million visitors. As a result, transport and other infrastructure at a Registered Exposition is an important concern (Seville's World Expo of 1992 boasted cable car , monorail , boat, and bus) and the overall cost for hosting and being represented at a World Expos is quite high, compared to the smaller-scale Specialised Expos. Specialised Expos (formally known as International Recognised Exhibitions) may occur between World Expos and may have

756-545: The Seville Expo Authority to maximize participation at the World Expo by South American nations. The Plaza of Africa at Seville was constructed for the same purpose. World Expos are also massive in scale, sometimes 300 or 400 hectares in size (Montreal's Expo 67 was 410 hectares, Osaka's Expo 70 was 330 hectares, Seville's Expo '92 was 215 hectares and Shanghai's Expo 2010 , 528 hectares). Pavilions participating at

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792-781: The World Expo category—the Century 21 Exposition in Seattle (1962)—and four in the Specialized Expo category— HemisFair '68 in San Antonio ; Expo '74 in Spokane, Washington ; the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee ; and the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition in New Orleans . The 1964-65 New York World's Fair was held without receiving approval from the BIE. The United States' membership in

828-423: The duration, the frequency, the size, and the construction attributes of each Expo. Under the original protocol of the 1928 Paris Convention, the BIE recognised two types of Expos: The Protocol of 30 November 1972 revised the original Convention, entering into force in 1980. Under these new rules, two types of Expos were recognised: A new amendment was adopted in 1988 and ratified in 1996, further distinguishing

864-497: The event, and within six months the number of visitors reached 64,218,770, making Expo '70 one of the largest and best attended expositions in history. It held the record for most visitors at an Expo until it was surpassed by the Shanghai World Expo in 2010. It generated a profit of 19 billion Yen. A popular highlight of the fair was a large Moon rock on display in the United States' pavilion. It had been brought back from

900-655: The exhibition for the future would be like an aerial city and he asked Fumihiko Maki , Noboru Kawazoe, Koji Kamiya and Noriaki Kurokawa to design it. The Theme Space was also punctuated by three towers: the Tower of the Sun, the Tower of Maternity and the Tower of Youth. To the north of the Theme Space was the Festival Plaza. This was a flexible space that contained a flat area and stepped terrace. The plaza could be rearranged to provide for different requirements for seating capacity, from 1500 to 10000. The flexibility extended to

936-497: The extent to which unusual artworks and designs by Japanese avant-garde artists were incorporated into the overall plan and individual national and corporate pavilions. The most famous of these artworks is artist Tarō Okamoto 's iconic Tower of the Sun , which still remains on the site today. Osaka was chosen as the site for the 1970 World Exposition by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) in 1965. 330 hectares in

972-593: The fair", stemming from the local New Orleans dialect ). Seymore D. Fair was followed by many more character mascots over the years, including Curro in Seville Expo '92 ; Twipsy at Expo 2000 in Hanover ; and Haibao at Expo 2010 in Shanghai . The names and designs of Expo mascots are often intended to reflect the exposition's host city in some way. The anthem of the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE)

1008-743: The jurisdiction of the Convention Relating to International Exhibitions . The BIE was established by the Convention Relating to International Exhibitions, signed in Paris on 22 November 1928, with the following goals: Today, 184 member countries have adhered to the BIE Convention. The BIE regulates two types of expositions: Registered Exhibitions (commonly called World Expos) and Recognized Exhibitions (commonly called Specialized Expositions). Horticultural Exhibitions with an A1 grade, regulated by

1044-449: The lighting and audio visual equipment allowing for a range of musical performances and electronic presentations. Festival Plaza was covered by the world's first large-scale, transparent membrane roof. It was designed by Tange and structural engineer Yoshikatsu Tsuboi + Kawaguchi & Engineers. Measuring 75.6 m in width and 108 m in length, it was 30 m high and supported by only six lattice columns. Seventy-seven countries participated in

1080-451: The north, south, east and west gates. The Theme Space under the space frame was divided into three levels, each designed by the artist Tarō Okamoto , The underground level represented the past and was a symbol of the source of humanity. The surface level represented the present, symbolising the dynamism of human interaction. The space frame represented the future and a world where humanity and technology would be joined. Tange envisioned that

1116-414: The organization on 10 May 2017 after President Trump signed the "U.S. Wants to Compete for a World Expo Act" (HR534) into law (Pub.L. 115-32) as Minnesota was looking to host a Specialized Expo in 2023. Fictional characters serving as mascots have been used since 1984, starting with Seymore D. Fair as the official mascot of the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition (the name being a pun on "see more of

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1152-413: The space frame contained only the Festival Plaza and themed pavilions. Tange compared the concept to a tree. The idea was that although the national pavilions were like individual flowers they needed to be connected to the whole via branches and a trunk. Thus the Symbol Zone became the trunk and the moving pedestrian walkways and sub-plazas became the branches. These elements were reinforced with colour, with

1188-525: The trunk and branches in plain white and the pavilions in their own colours that were determined by the national architects. The Symbol Zone ran north–south across the site, spanning an arterial road running east–west. The Festival Plaza was to the north of road and had the main gate on its southern end. To the north of the main gate and central to the Festival Plaza was the Tower of the Sun from which visitors could join pedestrian walkways that travelled out towards

1224-506: The two types of Expos: Expo 2008 in Zaragoza was the first Specialised Expo to be organised under these new rules, which continue to be in force to this day. The BIE may also grant recognition to A1 Horticultural Exhibitions approved by the International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH) since 1960, and to the Triennale di Milano since 1933. According to the 1988 Amendment of

1260-408: The withdrawal "had strong, adverse consequences for states and localities that wish to host an exposition on U.S. soil. Organizers in at least four states have prepared bids, or are exploring the possibility of preparing bids to host a BIE-affiliated expo." In each case, the bid project was unsuccessful, with non-membership of the BIE hurting the chances of a U.S. bid moving forward. The U.S. rejoined

1296-511: The world's fair will not reuse the park space, and will instead be hosted on Yumeshima island in Konohana , on the waterfront of Osaka Bay. To celebrate the 50th anniversary, "Expo ’70 50th Anniversary Special Exhibition" was held in Tennozu area of Tokyo from February 15 to 24, 2020. Osaka Monorail operated a wrapping train that reproduced the monorail design that operated at the Expo to commemorate

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