Misplaced Pages

#984015

25-494: ISO images can be created from optical discs by disk imaging software , or from a collection of files by optical disc authoring software , or from a different disk image file by means of conversion . Software distributed on bootable discs is often available for download in ISO image format. And like any other ISO image, it may be written to an optical disc such as CD, DVD and Blu-Ray. Optical-disc images are uncompressed and do not use

50-441: A .bin extension. When used for disc images, the format is usually called BIN/CUE, indicating that it stores a disc image composed of one cue sheet file and one or more .bin files. The .bin files are raw sector -by-sector binary copies of tracks in the original discs. These binary .bin files usually contain all 2,352 bytes from each sector in an optical disc , including control headers and error correction data in

75-589: A CD image. Emulators such as Dolphin and PCSX2 use .iso files to emulate Wii and GameCube games, and PlayStation 2 games, respectively. They can also be used as virtual CD-ROMs for hypervisors such as VMware Workstation or VirtualBox . Other uses are burning disk images of operating systems to physical install media. Comparison of disc image software Notable software applications that can access or manipulate disk image files are as follows, comparing their disk image handling features. Cue sheet (computing) A cue sheet , or cue file ,

100-475: A CD described by a cue sheet is stored in one or more files referenced by the cue sheet. Cue sheets also specify track lengths and CD-Text including track and disc titles and performers. They are especially useful when dividing audio stored in a single file into multiple songs or tracks. The data files referred to by the cue sheet may be audio files (commonly in MP3 or WAV format), or plain disc images , usually with

125-723: A continuous stream of encoded audio data. This audio is stored on sectors of 2352 bytes different from those that store a file system and it is not stored inside files; it is addressed with track numbers , index points and a CD time code that are encoded into the lead-in of each session of the CD-Audio disc. Video CDs and Super Video CDs require at least two tracks on a CD, so it is also not possible to store an image of one of these discs inside an ISO image file, however an .IMG file can achieve this. Formats such as CUE/BIN , CCD/IMG and MDS/MDF formats can be used to store multi-track disc images, including audio CDs. These formats store

150-428: A particular container format; they are a sector -by-sector copy of the data on an optical disc, stored inside a binary file. Other than ISO 9660 media, an ISO image might also contain a UDF (ISO/IEC 13346) file system (commonly used by DVDs and Blu-ray Discs ), including the data in its files in binary format, copied exactly as they were stored on the disc. The data inside the ISO image will be structured according to

175-437: A raw disc image of the complete disc, including information from all tracks, along with a companion file describing the multiple tracks and the characteristics of each of those tracks. This would allow an optical media burning tool to have all the information required to correctly burn the image on a new disc. For audio CDs, one can also transfer the audio data into uncompressed audio files like WAV or AIFF , optionally reserving

200-436: A single playlist entry, which can make it difficult to select and identify the individual tracks. A common solution is to split the original audio file into a series of separate files, one per track. Another approach is for the audio player to support the cue sheet directly. This may involve providing a new playlist (for example, an extra window) for the contents of the cue sheet, or adding an entry for each track directly into

225-431: A single ISO image; at most, an ISO image will contain the data inside one of those multiple tracks, and only if it is stored inside a standard file system. This also means that audio CDs , which are usually composed of multiple tracks, can not be stored inside an ISO image. Furthermore, not even a single track of an audio CD can be stored as an ISO image, since audio tracks do not contain a file system inside them, but only

250-446: A suitable driver software, an ISO can be " mounted " – allowing the operating system to interface with it, just as if the ISO were a physical optical disc. Most Unix -based operating systems, including Linux and macOS , have this built-in capability to mount an ISO. Versions of Windows, beginning with Windows 8 , also have such a capability. For other operating systems, separately available software drivers can be installed to achieve

275-473: Is 2,048 bytes, the size of an ISO image will be a multiple of 2,048. Any single- track CD-ROM , DVD or Blu-ray disc can be archived in ISO format as a true digital copy of the original. Unlike a physical optical disc, an image can be transferred over any data link or removable storage medium. An ISO image can be opened with almost every multi-format file archiver . Native support for handling ISO images varies from operating system to operating system. With

SECTION 10

#1732869740985

300-407: Is a metadata file which describes how the tracks of a CD or DVD are laid out. Cue sheets are stored as plain text files and commonly have a .cue filename extension . CDRWIN first introduced cue sheets, which are now supported by many optical disc authoring applications and media players . Cue sheets can describe many types of audio and data CDs. The main data (including audio) for

325-453: Is as follows: Since the MP3 is one file containing the entire performance, burning it to a CD as-is would make it inconvenient to skip to individual songs. To design the cue sheet, one must first find the points in the MP3 at which each song starts. The times are cumulative: each track must have a later time than the previous one. The first five lines denote the disc information. This is followed by

350-400: Is one of the few formats besides Nero's NRG , Alcohol 120% 's MDF/MDS and CloneCD 's CCD/IMG/SUB disc image formats to support Mixed Mode CDs which can contain audio CD tracks as well as data tracks. The name "cue sheet" originates from the "send cue sheet" SCSI/ATA command in optical disc authoring . The specification for that command defines a cue sheet format containing mostly

375-403: Is sometimes used to indicate that the file system inside the ISO image is actually UDF and not ISO 9660. ISO files store only the user data from each sector on an optical disc, ignoring the control headers and error correction data, and are therefore slightly smaller than a raw disc image of optical media. Since the size of the user-data portion of a sector (logical sector) in data optical discs

400-411: The file system that was used on the optical disc from which it was created. The .iso file extension is the one most commonly used for this type of disc images. The .img extension can also be found on some ISO image files, such as in some images from Microsoft DreamSpark ; however, IMG files , which also use the .img extension, tend to have slightly different contents. The .udf file extension

425-487: The CDRWIN Users Manual, doesn't support file sets of this type; rather, it's designed with the expectation that all of the audio data exists in a single file (CDRWIN only creates cue sheets for that kind of rip) or in separate files, but only with the gap portions of the audio either removed or placed at the beginning of the files. In order to allow cue sheets to be used to burn a CD from ordinary file sets which have

450-449: The case of CD-ROMs (unlike ISO images of CD-ROMs, which store only the user data). However, the TRACK command in a cue sheet file can be used to refer to binary disc images that contain only the user data of each sector, by indicating the specific CD mode of the tracks from which the image was created (which is necessary to know the size of the user data in each sector). The BIN/CUE format

475-448: The gap portion at the end of each file, the CD ripping & burning program Exact Audio Copy (EAC) allows the creation of cue sheets that relax the CDRWIN Users Manual's restriction on where FILE commands can be used. This non-conforming cue sheet format, intended only for burning CDs with EAC, is not supported by some other pieces of software, such as the media player foobar2000 , which allows

500-544: The main playlist. A cue sheet is a plain text file containing commands with one or more parameters. The commands usually apply either to the whole disc or to an individual track, depending on the particular command and the context. They may describe the layout of data to be written, or CD-Text ( metadata ). The original specification of the cue sheet syntax and semantics appears in the CDRWIN User Guide. The standard commands are: CD ripping programs normally offer

525-503: The metadata (see CD ripping ). Most software that is capable of writing from ISO images to hard disks or recordable media (CD / DVD / BD) is generally not able to write from ISO disk images to flash drives . This limitation is more related to the availability of software tools able to perform this task, than to problems in the format itself. However, since 2011, various software has existed to write raw image files to USB flash drives. .ISO files are commonly used in emulators to replicate

SECTION 20

#1732869740985

550-426: The option of creating a separate file for each audio track, with the (pre)gap portion of a track placed at the end of the preceding track's file. This coincides with normal playback operation – the beginning of each file is the beginning of a track, not the gap preceding it – and with the layout described in the disc's table of contents, which doesn't specify gap information at all. The cue sheet format, as specified in

575-494: The same information, but in a tabular, binary data structure, rather than a text file. In October 2023, a vulnerability was discovered in the libcue library, which parses cue sheets on Linux systems with GNOME desktops. The exploit could give an attacker code execution rights on GNOME systems. An entire multi-track audio CD may be ripped to a single audio file and a cue sheet. However, software audio players and hardware digital audio players often treat each audio file as

600-452: The same objective. A CD can have multiple tracks , which can contain computer data, audio, or video. File systems such as ISO 9660 are stored inside one of these tracks. Since ISO images are expected to contain a binary copy of the file system and its contents, there is no concept of a "track" inside an ISO image, since a track is a container for the contents of an ISO image. This means that CDs with multiple tracks can not be stored inside

625-450: The use of cue sheets as playlists. A number of programs, including VLC and Foobar2000, allow the use of WavPack and FLAC files before a WAVE filetype. This sort of file is also created by EAC. The MP3 file "Faithless - Live in Berlin.mp3" , contains a live recording of the band Faithless . At this concert, Faithless performed eight songs in the order shown below. Therefore, the track listing

#984015