91-575: IRrelevant Astronomy is a web series produced by NASA 's Spitzer Space Telescope . Each episode explains a general science concept or reveals science news relevant to Spitzer. The "IR" in the title stands for "infrared", making the title refer to "infrared-relevant astronomy." The first episode launched on January 15, 2008, on the Spitzer Space Telescope website. Tim Pyle - director/co-creator/writer/animator/music composer/producer (2008–present) - Tim worked for 10 years as an animator in
182-595: A Rorschach-type inkblot test using images from the Spitzer Space Telescope . Robot Astronomy Talk Show : (11 episodes) A series about robots who want to rule the Universe, while producing a talk show featuring interviews with celebrities and astronomers. Dub'ya : (1 episode) An old movie is edited down and re-dubbed with dialogue about current Spitzer Space Telescope science. Spaceship Spitzer : (3 episodes) Spitzer astronomer Dr. Michelle Thaller travels with
273-456: A chameleon in card VIII, which is normally classed as an "unusual" response, as opposed to other animals like cats and dogs; in Scandinavia, "Christmas elves" ( nisser ) is a popular response for card II, and "musical instrument" on card VI is popular for Japanese people), and different languages will exhibit semantic differences in naming the same object (the figure of card IV is often called
364-597: A troll by Scandinavians and an ogre by French people). Many of Exner's "popular" responses (those given by at least one third of the North American sample used) seem to be universally popular, as shown by samples in Europe, Japan and South America, while specifically card IX's "human" response, the crab or spider in card X and one of either the butterfly or the bat in card I appear to be characteristic of North America. Form quality, popular content responses and locations are
455-708: A "Lethal Ladies" programming block, but spent most of her time online, appearing in 100 webisodes. As broadband bandwidth began to increase in speed and availability, delivering high-quality video over the Internet became a reality. In the early 2000s, the Japanese anime industry began broadcasting original net animation (ONA), a type of original video animation (OVA) series, on the Internet. Early examples of ONA series include Infinite Ryvius: Illusion (2000), Ajimu (2001), and Mahou Yuugi (2001). In 2003, The Spot executive producer and head writer Stewart St. John revived
546-458: A "learning stage" for a number of years. The interpretation of the Rorschach test is not based primarily on the contents of the response, i.e., what the individual sees in the inkblot (the content ). In fact, the contents of the response are only a comparatively small portion of a broader cluster of variables that are used to interpret the Rorschach data: for instance, information is provided by
637-537: A master speaker of that language. For example, a bow tie is a frequent response for the center detail of card III, but since the equivalent term in French translates to "butterfly tie", an examiner not appreciating this language nuance may code the response differently from what is expected. Below are the ten inkblots printed in Rorschach Test – Psychodiagnostic Plates , together with the most frequent responses for either
728-457: A more rigorous system of analysis. It has been extensively validated and shows high inter-rater reliability . In 1969, Exner published The Rorschach Systems , a concise description of what would be later called "the Exner system". He later published a study in multiple volumes called The Rorschach: A Comprehensive system , the most accepted full description of his system. Creation of the new system
819-508: A new Internet studio, EQAL, and produced a spin-off from lonelygirl15 entitled " LG15: The Resistance ". Mainstream press began to provide coverage. In the UK, KateModern ended its run on Bebo . That site also hosted a six-month-long reality/travel show, The Gap Year , produced by Endemol UK, who also made Kirill , a drama for MSN . During MipCom, in October 2008, MySpace announced plans for
910-474: A new original series created by Craig Brewer that brought together the indie music world and new media expansion. Joss Whedon created, produced and self-financed Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog starring Neil Patrick Harris and Felicia Day . Big Fantastic wrote and produced Foreign Body , a mystery web series that served as a prequel to Robin Cook 's novel of the same name. Beckett and Goodfried founded
1001-624: A nomination process that included 281,000 votes. In October 2009, the IRrelevant Astronomy episode "Psych Out" was an official selection at the 2nd annual Imagine Science Film Festival. The IRrelevant Astronomy episode "M51 & Gizmo" has previously won multiple awards including an Aegis Award, CINE Golden Eagle, and winning a "Best of Festival" award at the Kids First Film Festival. Web series A web series (also known as webseries , short-form series , and web show )
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#17330925547471092-470: A popular book of poems, each of which was inspired by an accidental inkblot. French psychologist Alfred Binet had also experimented with inkblots as a creativity test , and, after the turn of the century, psychological experiments where inkblots were utilized multiplied, with aims such as studying imagination and consciousness. In 1927, the newly founded Hans Huber [ de ] publishing house purchased Rorschach's book Psychodiagnostik from
1183-458: A robot pilot in a spaceship based on the design of NASA 's Spitzer Space Telescope . Integrating live action and CG animation, there are currently two episodes: "Enemy Mine" and "The Slowlian Web." M51 & Gizmo : (1 episode) Innocent alien M51 accidentally unleashes havoc on the planet Earth, and learns about how life exists in the Universe. Skinfrared : (2 episodes) A series of direct educational narratives about infrared as it relates to
1274-657: A sci-fi DVD feature. Kenneth Kolb - producer (2009–present) - Kenneth worked 10 years with the Walt Disney Company including Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, and as a coordinator for the Disney Channel. He has worked as the CFO of the Kendrea International Corporation for the past five years, produced several indie short films, and also currently works as a producer for Hogofilm , where he assisted with
1365-522: A second series and indicated that it was in talks with cable network Foxtel to distribute their first series on network television. Additionally MySpace spoke of their plans to produce versions of the MySpace Road Tour in other countries. The emerging potential for success in web video caught the attention of top entertainment executives in America, including former Disney executive and current head of
1456-453: A sequential search strategy to determine the order in which to analyze them, framed in the context of standardized administration, objective, reliable coding and a representative normative database. The system places a lot of emphasis on a cognitive triad of information processing , related to how the subject processes input data, cognitive mediation , referring to the way information is transformed and identified, and ideation . In
1547-401: A series of video interviews featuring actors and directors like Guillermo del Toro , Santiago Segura , Álex de la Iglesia , and Keanu Reeves , which were distributed through his own website. lonelygirl15 , California Heaven , " The Burg ", and SamHas7Friends also gained popularity during this time, acquiring audiences in the millions. lonelygirl15 was so successful that it secured
1638-478: A set of ten for their diagnostic value. Although he had served as Vice President of the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society, Rorschach had difficulty in publishing the book and it attracted little attention when it first appeared. Rorschach died the following year. It has been suggested that Rorschach's use of inkblots may have been influenced by German doctor Justinus Kerner who, in 1857, had published
1729-441: A spin-off of the syndicated television series Weird TV . The web series featured dozens of shorts, comedy sketches, and mini-documentaries produced exclusively for MSN video. The video-sharing site YouTube was launched in early 2005, allowing users to share television programs. YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim said the inspiration for YouTube first came from Janet Jackson 's role in the 2004 Super Bowl incident , when her breast
1820-430: A sponsorship deal with Neutrogena . In 2007, the creators of lonelygirl15 followed up the series' success with KateModern , a series which debuted on social network Bebo , and took place in the same fictional universe as their previous show. Big Fantastic created and produced Prom Queen , which was financed and distributed by Vuguru , and debuted on MySpace . These web serials highlighted interactivity with
1911-423: A subject perceives the world. Rorschach's original work used only form , color and movement as determinants. However currently, another major determinant considered is shading , which was inadvertently introduced by poor printing quality of the inkblots. Rorschach initially disregarded shading, since the inkblots originally featured uniform saturation, but later recognized it as a significant factor. Form
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#17330925547472002-404: A wider range of creators to develop web series. As well, since web series are made available online, instead of being aired at a single preset time to specific regions, they enable producers to reach a potentially global audience who can access the shows 24 hours a day and seven days a week, at the time of their choosing. Moreover, in the 2010s, the rising affordability of tablets and smartphones and
2093-485: A year. Rogers Media will help fund and distribute Vuguru's upcoming productions, solidifying a connection between traditional media and new media such as web series. Web series can be distributed directly from the producers' websites, through streaming services or via online video sharing websites . The Webby Awards , established in 1996 by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences (IADAS), and
2184-460: Is a projective psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms , or both. Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and emotional functioning. It has been employed to detect underlying thought disorder , especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their thinking processes openly. The test
2275-592: Is a member of the Screen Actors Guild , AFTRA , and the Actors' Equity Association , having appeared in shows like Days of our Lives and Melrose Place. His work on NASA's Ask an Astronomer video podcast series has won a Silver Telly Award, a Bronze Telly Award, an Aegis Award, and two Aegis Finalists. Additional awards include an Aegis Award and a CINE Golden Eagle. Austin Wintory - music composer (2008-2009) - Austin
2366-744: Is a music composer for film, TV, and video games. He composed the score for Captain Abu Raed , a multiple award-winning film including the World Cinema Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival in 2008. The film has been submitted by the Kingdom of Jordan for a 2009 Foreign Language Oscar. Austin also composed the score to Sony's Flow video game and expansion packs for the Sony PlayStation 3 & PSP, which earned strong reviews for
2457-739: Is a series of short scripted or non-scripted online videos , generally in episodic form , released on the Internet (i.e. World Wide Web ), which first emerged in the late 1990s and became more prominent in the early 2000s. A single instance of a web series program can be called an episode or a webisode . The scale of a web series is small and a typical episode can be anywhere from three to fifteen minutes in length. Web series are distributed online on video sharing websites and apps , such as YouTube , Vimeo and TikTok , and can be watched on devices such as smartphones , tablets , desktops , laptops, and Smart TVs (or television sets connected to
2548-499: Is an idea that goes back to Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli . Interpretation of inkblots was central to a game, Gobolinks , from the late 19th century. The Rorschach test, however, was the first systematic approach of this kind. After studying 300 mental patients and 100 control subjects, in 1921 Hermann Rorschach wrote his book Psychodiagnostik , which was to form the basis of the inkblot test. After experimenting with several hundred inkblots which he drew himself, he selected
2639-399: Is named after its creator, Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach . The Rorschach can be thought of as a psychometric examination of pareidolia , the active pattern of perceiving objects, shapes, or scenery as meaningful things to the observer's experience, the most common being faces or other patterns of forms that are not present at the time of the observation. In the 1960s, the Rorschach was
2730-441: Is not to be confused with test interpretation: The interpretation of a Rorschach record is a complex process. It requires a wealth of knowledge concerning personality dynamics generally as well as considerable experience with the Rorschach method specifically. Proficiency as a Rorschach administrator can be gained within a few months. However, even those who are able and qualified to become Rorschach interpreters usually remain in
2821-406: Is only feasible when several responses are available), but in general content cannot be analyzed outside of the context of the entire test record. Identifying the location of the subject's response is another element scored in the Rorschach system. Location refers to how much of the inkblot was used to answer the question. Administrators score the response "W" if the whole inkblot was used to answer
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2912-550: Is representative of the process used in real-life situations. Methods of interpretation differ. Rorschach scoring systems have been described as a system of pegs on which to hang one's knowledge of personality. The most widely used method in the United States is based on the work of Exner. Administration of the test to a group of subjects, by means of projected images, has also occasionally been performed, but mainly for research rather than diagnostic purposes. Test administration
3003-405: Is the most common determinant, and is related to intellectual processes. Color responses often provide direct insight into one's emotional life. Movement and shading have been considered more ambiguously, both in definition and interpretation. Rorschach considered movement only as the experiencing of actual motion, while others have widened the scope of this determinant, taking it to mean that
3094-409: Is usually asked to hold the cards and may rotate them. Whether the cards are rotated, and other related factors such as whether permission to rotate them is asked, may expose personality traits and normally contributes to the assessment. As the subject is examining the inkblots, the psychologist writes down everything the subject says or does, no matter how trivial. Analysis of responses is recorded by
3185-466: The Indie Series Awards , established in 2009 by We Love Soaps, recognize independently produced comedy, drama, and reality TV entertainment created for the web. In 2009, the International Academy of Web Television (IAWTV) was founded with the mission to support and recognize artistic and technological achievements in the digital entertainment industry. It administered the selection of winners for
3276-530: The Streamy Awards , (which awards web series content) in 2009 and 2010. Due to the poor reception and execution of the 2010 Streamy Awards, IAWTV decided to halt its production of the award ceremony. The IAWTV followed this decision by forming the IAWTV Awards (which recognize creators, cast, and crew of short form digital series from around the world) in 2012. Rorschach test The Rorschach test
3367-548: The comprehensive system , at the same time trying to make the scoring more statistically rigorous. Some systems are based on the psychoanalytic concept of object relations . The Exner system remains very popular in the United States , while in Europe other methods sometimes dominate, such as that described in the textbook by Ewald Bohm [ de ] , which is closer to the original Rorschach system and rooted more deeply in
3458-537: The Education and Outreach Scientist for a number of NASA missions. She has been involved in education and public outreach for 15 years, since working at the U.K.‘s National Space Center in Leicester as an undergraduate, and is now studying for her MA in education from Claremont Graduate University. In her spare time, Carolyn volunteers with The Trevor Project. Jim Keller - co-creator/writer/producer (2008-2009, 2013) - Jim
3549-432: The Internet with a media streaming device ). They can also be released on social media platforms. Because of the nature of the Internet, a web series may be interactive and immersive. Web series are classified as new media . Web series are different from streaming television series, as the latter is purposed to be watched on streaming platforms such as Netflix , Amazon Prime Video , and Hotstar . Although
3640-661: The North American norms. Form is also often the only determinant expressed by European subjects; while color is less frequent than in American subjects, color-form responses are comparatively frequent in opposition to form-color responses; since the latter tend to be interpreted as indicators of a defensive attitude in processing affect, this difference could stem from a higher value attributed to spontaneous expression of emotions. The differences in form quality are attributable to purely cultural aspects: different cultures will exhibit different "common" objects (French subjects often identify
3731-489: The R-PAS provides a system to code an examinee's behavior during Rorschach administration. These behavioral codes are included as it is believed that the behaviors exhibited during testing are a reflection of someone's task performance and supplements the actual responses given. This allows generalizations to be made between someone's responses to the cards and their actual behavior. The R-PAS also recognized that scoring on many of
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3822-530: The Rooster Teeth website, acquiring over 100 million social media views during its run. Rooster Teeth would eventually create RWBY in 2013. In 2004, Salad Fingers was created, which amassed a cult following. Sam Has 7 Friends , which ran in the summer and fall of 2006, was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award , and was temporarily removed from the Internet when it was acquired by Michael Eisner . In 2004–2005, Spanish producer Pedro Alonso Pablos recorded
3913-537: The Rorschach Archives in Bern , Switzerland , suggested that the blots selected by Rorschach were not random, but rather were carefully chosen to be as ambiguous and "conflicted" as possible. The Rorschach test is appropriate for subjects from the age of five to adulthood. The administrator and subject typically sit next to each other at a table, with the administrator slightly behind the subject. Side-by-side seating of
4004-451: The Rorschach inkblots is their symmetry. For many, this is unexceptional, but Rorschach, and subsequent researchers, considered the issue. Rorschach experimented with both asymmetric and symmetric images before choosing the latter, giving the explanation: Asymmetric figures are rejected by many subjects; symmetry supplied part of the necessary artistic composition. It has a disadvantage in that it tends to make answers somewhat stereotyped. On
4095-584: The Rorschach variables differed across countries. Therefore, starting in 1997, Rorschach protocols from researchers around the world were compiled. After compiling protocols for over a decade, a total of 15 adult samples were used to provide a normative basis for the R-PAS. The protocols represent data gathered in the United States, Europe, Israel, Argentina and Brazil. Comparing North American Exner normative data with data from European and South American subjects showed marked differences in some features, some of which impact important variables, while others (such as
4186-530: The Rorschach. The manual consists of two chapters that are basics of scoring and interpretation, aimed for use for novice Rorschach users, followed by numerous chapters containing more detailed and technical information. In terms of updated scoring, the authors only selected variables that have been empirically supported in the literature. The authors did not create new variables or indices to be coded, but systematically reviewed variables that had been used in past systems. While all of these codes have been used in
4277-455: The Scenes : (2 episodes) A mock behind-the-scenes look at the production of an educational video. Part Two : (1 episode) A spoof of old action TV shows. The bulk of the episode shows scenes from a fictitious first episode that never existed, followed by a quick conclusion that appears to wrap everything up neatly. Psych Out : (1 episode) A short about an astronomer visiting a therapist and taking
4368-714: The Streamys and IAWTV also cover programs on streaming platforms. Most major award ceremonies have also created web series and digital media award categories, including the Emmy Awards and the Canadian Screen Awards . There are also several web series festivals , most notably in Los Angeles and Vancouver . In April 1995, "Global Village Idiots", an episode of the Bloomington, Indiana -based public access program Rox ,
4459-533: The Tornante Company, Michael Eisner. Torante's Vuguru subdivision partnered with Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Media on October 26, securing plans to produce upwards of 30 new web shows a year. Rogers Media agreed to help fund and distribute Vuguru's upcoming productions, thereby solidifying a connection between old and new media. The rise in popularity of mobile Internet video, along with technological improvements to storage, bandwidth, and bitrates, led to
4550-472: The areas of the blots. Exner settled upon the area coding system promoted by S. J. Beck (1944 and 1961). This system was in turn based upon Klopfer's (1942) work. As pertains to response form, a concept of "form quality" was present from the earliest of Rorschach's works, as a subjective judgment of how well the form of the subject's response matched the inkblots (Rorschach would give a higher form score to more "original" yet good form responses), and this concept
4641-417: The audience in addition to the narrative on relatively low budgets. In contrast, the web series Sanctuary , starring actor/producer Amanda Tapping , cost $ 4.3 Million to produce. Both Sanctuary and Prom Queen were nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award . Award-winning producer/director Marshall Herskovitz created Quarterlife , which debuted on MySpace and was later distributed on NBC . In 2009,
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#17330925547474732-455: The average number of responses) coincide. For instance, texture response is typically zero in European subjects (if interpreted as a need for closeness, in accordance with the system, a European would seem to express it only when it reaches the level of a craving for closeness), and there are fewer "good form" responses, to the point where schizophrenia may be suspected if data were correlated to
4823-489: The blots has near perfect bilateral symmetry . Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red ink and three are multicolored, on a white background. After the test subject has seen and responded to all of the inkblots ( free association phase), the tester then presents them again one at a time in a set sequence for the subject to study: the subject is asked to note where they see what they originally saw and what makes it look like that ( inquiry phase). The subject
4914-420: The brand for online audiences with a new cast, and created a separate mobile series to air on Sprint PCS Vision-enabled phones. St. John and partner Todd Fisher produced over 2,500 daily videos of the first American mobile phone soap, driving story lines across platforms to the web counterpart, The Spot (2.0). The same year, Microsoft launched MSN Video, which featured the original web series Weird TV 2000 ,
5005-433: The descriptive object. The codes are classified and include terms such as "human", "nature", "animal", "abstract", "clothing", "fire", and "x-ray", to name a few. Content described that does not have a code already established should be coded using the code "idiographic contents" with the shorthand code being "Idio." Items are also coded for statistical popularity (or, conversely, originality). More than any other feature in
5096-509: The designing of a web series can be similar to that of a television series their development and production does not entail the same financial investment required for a television series. The popularity of some web series, however, have led to them being optioned for television. As of 2021, a number of awards have been established to celebrate excellence in web series, like the Streamys , Webbys , IAWTV , and Indie Series Awards , although
5187-427: The erasure of accessibility and affordability barriers. This meant that high-speed broadband and streaming video capabilities for producing and distributing a web series became a feasible alternative to "traditional" series production, which was formerly mostly done for broadcast and cable television. In comparison with traditional TV series production, web series are typically less expensive to produce. This has allowed
5278-431: The examiner and the subject is used to reduce any effects of inadvertent cues from the examiner to the subject. In other words, side-by-side seating mitigates the possibility that the examiner will accidentally influence the subject's responses. This is to facilitate a "relaxed but controlled atmosphere". There are ten official inkblots, each printed on a separate white card, approximately 18 by 24 cm in size. Each of
5369-710: The first web series festival was established, called the Los Angeles Web Series Festival . In 2008, major television studios began releasing web series, such as the ABC show "Squeegies", the NBC show Gemini Division , and the Bravo show The Malan Show . Warner Bros. relaunched The WB as an online network beginning with their first original web series, " Sorority Forever ", created and produced by Big Fantastic and executive produced by McG . Meanwhile, MTV announced
5460-549: The human body. Originally screened as part of the 2007 "Skin Festival" in Pasadena, CA. Fusion vs. Fission : (1 episode) Spoofing GLaDOS from the videogame series Portal , a description of nuclear fusion in the Sun. On October 19, 2008, IRrelevant Astronomy was nominated for "Best Technology/Science Podcast" at the 2008 Podcast Awards . It was one of 10 finalists in this category following
5551-404: The individual. Responses coded S indicate an oppositional or uncooperative test subject. Systems for Rorschach scoring generally include a concept of "determinants": These are the factors that contribute to establishing the similarity between the inkblot and the subject's content response about it. They can also represent certain basic experiential-perceptual attitudes, showing aspects of the way
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#17330925547475642-460: The inventory of Ernst Bircher . Huber remains the publisher of the test and related book, with Rorschach a registered trademark of Swiss publisher Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG. The work has been described as "a densely written piece couched in dry, scientific terminology". After Rorschach's death, the original test scoring system was improved by Samuel Beck, Bruno Klopfer and others. John E. Exner summarized some of these later developments in
5733-489: The large amount of data used to interpret the test, psychologist Zygmunt Piotrowski, began work to computerize ink blot interpretation in the 1950s and 1960s. This work included over 1,000 rules and included no summary nor narrative conclusions. A subsequent computerized interpretation of Rorschach test scores, that included summary and conclusions was developed in the 1970s by psychologists Perline and Cabanski, and marketed internationally. This computerized interpretation of
5824-486: The most widely used projective test . Although the Exner Scoring System (developed since the 1960s) claims to have addressed and often refuted many criticisms of the original testing system with an extensive body of research, some researchers continue to raise questions about the method. The areas of dispute include the objectivity of testers, inter-rater reliability , the verifiability and general validity of
5915-438: The only coded variables in the Exner systems that are based on frequency of occurrence, and thus immediately subject to cultural influences; therefore, cultural-dependent interpretation of test data may not necessarily need to extend beyond these components. The cited language differences can result in misinterpretation if not administered in the subject's native language or a very well mastered second language, and interpreted by
6006-403: The original psychoanalysis principles. Rorschach never intended the inkblots to be used as a general personality test, but developed them as a tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia . It was not until 1939 that the test was used as a projective test of personality, a use of which Rorschach had always been skeptical. Interviewed in 2012 for a BBC Radio 4 documentary, Rita Signer, curator of
6097-503: The other hand, symmetry makes conditions the same for right and left handed subjects; furthermore, it facilitates interpretation for certain blocked subjects. Finally, symmetry makes possible the interpretation of whole scenes. The Exner scoring system , also known as the Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS), is the standard method for interpreting the Rorschach test. It was developed in the 1960s by John E. Exner , as
6188-410: The past, many have been renamed to be more face valid and readily understood. Scoring of the indices has been updated (e.g. utilizing percentiles and standard scores ) to make the Rorschach more in line with other popular personality measures . Preliminary evidence suggests that the R-PAS exhibits good inter-rater reliability. In addition to providing coding guidelines to score examinee responses,
6279-500: The production of the feature film Decaying Orbit . He began co-producing IRrelevant Astronomy starting with the episodes released in April 2009. Dr. Carolyn Brinkworth - science writer (2013–present) - Carolyn is a professional astronomer and educator. She graduated from the University of Southampton (U.K.) with her PhD in astrophysics in 2005, and moved to Caltech, where she now works as
6370-570: The quality of music. Ask an Astronomer: (25 episodes) Videos explaining basic and complex astronomy concepts in a simple way. Some episodes feature Dr. Michelle Thaller . Ask an Astronomy Brain Parasite : (1 episode) Deep inside an astronomer's head, a parasite taps into his brain to learn about science. Astronomy Anemone : (1 episode) A giant, surly man-eating sea anemone hosts an astronomy-themed talk show. The Musical : (2 episodes) Mini-musicals, using song to teach astronomy concepts. Behind
6461-442: The question, "D" if a commonly described part of the blot was used, "Dd" if an uncommonly described or unusual detail was used, or "S" if the white space in the background was used. A score of W is typically associated with the subject's motivation to interact with his or her surrounding environment. D is interpreted as one having efficient or adequate functioning. A high frequency of responses coded Dd indicate some maladjustment within
6552-421: The response (what the respondent actually sees in the blot), the degree of mental organizing activity that is involved in producing the response, and any illogical, incongruous, or incoherent aspects of responses. "Bat" is a popular response to the first card. Using the scores for these categories, the examiner then performs a series of calculations producing a structural summary of the test data. The results of
6643-399: The response) is often considered more important than content, although there is contrasting evidence. "Popularity" and "originality" of responses can also be considered as basic dimensions in the analysis. The goal in coding content of the Rorschach is to categorize the objects that the subject describes in response to the inkblot. There are 27 established codes for identifying the name of
6734-661: The rising ownership rates of these devices in industrialized nations means that web series are available to a wider range of potential viewers, including commuters, travelers, and other people who are on the go. The emerging potential for success in web video has caught the eye of some of the top entertainment executives in America, including former Disney executive and current head of the Tornante Company, Michael Eisner . Eisner's Vuguru subdivision of Tornante partnered with Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Media on October 26, 2009, securing plans to produce over 30 new web shows
6825-409: The structural summary are interpreted using existing research data on personality characteristics that have been demonstrated to be associated with different kinds of responses. With the Rorschach plates (the ten inkblots), the area of each blot which is distinguished by the client is noted and coded—typically as "commonly selected" or "uncommonly selected". There were many different methods for coding
6916-482: The subject sees something "going on". More than one determinant can contribute to the formation of the subject's perception. Fusion of two determinants is taken into account, while also assessing which of the two constituted the primary contributor. For example, " form - color " implies a more refined control of impulse than " color - form ". It is, indeed, from the relation and balance among determinants that personality can be most readily inferred. A characteristic of
7007-409: The system, responses are scored with reference to their level of vagueness or synthesis of multiple images in the blot, the location of the response, which of a variety of determinants is used to produce the response (i.e., what makes the inkblot look like what it is said to resemble), the form quality of the response (to what extent a response is faithful to how the actual inkblot looks), the contents of
7098-527: The test administrator using a tabulation and scoring sheet and, if required, a separate location chart. The general goal of the test is to provide data about cognition and personality variables such as motivations , response tendencies, cognitive operations, affectivity , and personal/interpersonal perceptions . The underlying assumption is that an individual will class external stimuli based on person-specific perceptual sets, and including needs , base motives , conflicts , and that this clustering process
7189-479: The test was used to interpret the set of scores developed by Gilbert on Nazi Hermann Goering along with several other Nazis while awaiting trial at Nuremberg Prison. In the 1980s psychologist John Exner developed a computerized interpretation of the Rorschach test, based on his own scoring system, the Exner Comprehensive System. Presently, of the three computerized assessments, only the Exner system
7280-459: The test, bias of the test's pathology scales towards greater numbers of responses, the limited number of psychological conditions which it accurately diagnoses, the inability to replicate the test's norms, its use in court-ordered evaluations, and the proliferation of the ten inkblot images , potentially invalidating the test for those who have been exposed to them. The use of interpreting "ambiguous designs" to assess an individual's personality
7371-427: The test, content response can be controlled consciously by the subject, and may be elicited by very disparate factors, which makes it difficult to use content alone to draw any conclusions about the subject's personality; with certain individuals, content responses may potentially be interpreted directly, and some information can at times be obtained by analyzing thematic trends in the whole set of content responses (which
7462-409: The time taken before providing a response for a card can be significant (taking a long time can indicate "shock" on the card). As well as by any comments the subject may make in addition to providing a direct response. In particular, information about determinants (the aspects of the inkblots that triggered the response, such as form and color) and location (which details of the inkblots triggered
7553-515: The title of Infoseek's "Cool Site of the Year," an award which later became the Webby. In January 1999, Showtime licensed the animated sci-fi web series WhirlGirl , making it the first independently produced web series licensed by a national television network. In February 1999, the series premiered simultaneously on Showtime and online. The character occasionally appeared on Showtime, for example hosting
7644-590: The visual effects industry, including on the cult-favorite Invader Zim . Other projects include the Academy Award -nominated Jimmy Neutron , Emmy -nominated series Starship Troopers: the Series , and the Emmy -winning Children of Dune . He has personally won two Aegis Awards , a Telly Award, a CINE Golden Eagle, and 2006 & 2008 NASA awards for producing CG animation. He was the writer and director of Decaying Orbit ,
7735-524: The whole image or the most prominent details according to various authors. The Rorschach test is used almost exclusively by psychologists. Forensic psychologists use the Rorschach 36% of the time. In custody cases, 23% of psychologists use the Rorschach to examine a child. Another survey found that 124 out of 161 (77%) of clinical psychologists engaging in assessment services utilize the Rorschach, and 80% of psychology graduate programs teach its use. Another study found that its use by clinical psychologists
7826-461: Was exposed during her performance, and later from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami . Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, which led to the idea of a video sharing site. From 2003 to 2006, many independent web series began to garner and achieve significant popularity, most notably the series known as Red vs. Blue by Rooster Teeth . The series was distributed independently using online portals YouTube and Revver , as well as
7917-478: Was followed by other methods, especially in Europe; in contrast, the Exner system solely defines "good form" as a matter of word occurrence frequency, reducing it to a measure of the subject's distance to the population average. Rorschach performance assessment system (R-PAS) is a scoring method created by several members of the Rorschach Research Council. They believed that the Exner scoring system
8008-506: Was in need of an update, but after Exner's death, the Exner family forbade any changes to be made to the Comprehensive System. Therefore, they established a new system: the R-PAS. It is an attempt at creating a current, empirically based, and internationally focused scoring system that is easier to use than Exner's Comprehensive System. The R-PAS manual is intended to be a comprehensive tool for administering, scoring, and interpreting
8099-452: Was only 43%, while it was used less than 24% of the time by school psychologists. During World War II , United States Army Medical Corps chief psychiatrist Douglas Kelley and psychologist Gustave Gilbert administered the Rorschach test to the 22 defendants in the Nazi leadership group prior to the first Nuremberg trials , and the test scores were published some decades later. Because of
8190-429: Was prompted by the realization that at least five related, but ultimately different methods were in common use at the time, with a sizeable minority of examiners not employing any recognized method at all, basing instead their judgment on subjective assessment, or arbitrarily mixing characteristics of the various standardized systems. The key components of the Exner system are the clusterization of Rorschach variables and
8281-457: Was uploaded to the Internet, making Rox the first series distributed via the web. The same year, Scott Zakarin created The Spot , an episodic online story which integrated photos, videos, and blogs into the storyline. Likened to Melrose Place -on-the-Web , The Spot featured a rotating cast of characters playing trendy twenty-somethings who rented rooms in a fabled Santa Monica, California beach house called "The Spot". The Spot earned
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