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26-465: The full IIM specification includes a complex data structure and a set of metadata definitions. A   new version of the user guide was released in May   2024. Although IIM was intended for use with all types of news items — including simple text articles — a subset found broad worldwide acceptance as the standard embedded metadata used by news and commercial photographers. Information such as

52-604: A PDF. The next version of the Adobe Creative Suite (CS2) included these custom panels as part of its default set. The Windows Photo Gallery , released with Windows Vista , offers support for the XMP standard, the first time Microsoft has released metadata compatibility beyond Exif . Stern (magazine) Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

78-682: A collaboration with the IPTC, eventually producing the "IPTC Core Schema for XMP", which merges the two approaches to embedded metadata. The XMP specification describes techniques for embedding metadata in JPEG, TIFF, JPEG2000 , GIF , PNG , HTML , PostScript , PDF , SVG , Adobe Illustrator, and DNG files. Recent versions of all the main Adobe software products, (Photoshop, Illustrator, Acrobat, Framemaker, etc.) support XMP, as do an increasing number of third-party tools. In June 2007, IPTC in cooperation with IFRA held

104-400: A document as a whole (the "main" metadata), but can also describe parts of a document, such as pages or included images. This architecture makes it possible to retain authorship and rights information about, for example, images included in a published document. Similarly, it permits documents created from several smaller documents to retain the original metadata associated with the parts. This

130-483: A namespace for the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set). Custom namespaces can be used to extend the data model. An instance of the XMP data model is called an XMP packet. Adding properties to a packet does not affect existing properties. Software to add or modify properties in an XMP packet should leave properties that are unknown to it untouched. For example, it is useful for recording the history of

156-605: A public patent license for the XMP. As of November 2016, Adobe continues to distribute these documents under the XMP Specification Public Patent License . XMP was first introduced by Adobe in April 2001 as part of the Adobe Acrobat 5.0 software product. Before that, it was called XAP (Extensible Authoring and Publishing) as internal code name. On June 21, 2004, Adobe announced its collaboration with

182-475: A resource as it passes through multiple processing steps, from being photographed, scanned , or authored as text, through photo editing steps (such as cropping or color adjustment), to assemble into a final document. XMP allows each software program or device along the workflow to add its own information to a digital resource, which carries its metadata along. The prerequisite is that all involved editors either actively support XMP, or at least do not delete it from

208-769: A typical edited JPEG file, XMP information is typically included alongside Exif and IPTC Information Interchange Model data. For more details, the XMP Specification, Part 3 Storage in Files listed below has details on embedding in specific file formats. The XMP Toolkit implements metadata handling in two libraries: Adobe provides the XMP Toolkit free of charge under a BSD license . The Toolkit includes specification and usage documents (PDFs), API documentation ( doxygen / javadoc ), C++ source code (XMPCore and XMPFiles) and Java source code (currently only XMPCore). XMPFiles

234-769: Is an example XML document for serialized XMP metadata in a JPEG photo: This metadata describes various properties of the image like the creator tool, image dimension or a face region within the image. Embedding metadata in files allows easy sharing and transfer of files across products, vendors, platforms, without metadata getting lost. Embedding avoids a multitude of problems coming from proprietary vendor-specific metadata databases. XMP can be used in several file formats such as PDF , JPEG , JPEG 2000 , JPEG XR , JPEG XL , GIF , PNG , WebP , HTML , TIFF , Adobe Illustrator , PSD , MP3 , MP4 , Audio Video Interleave , WAV , RF64 , Audio Interchange File Format , PostScript , Encapsulated PostScript , and proposed for DjVu . In

260-509: Is currently available as a C++/Java implementation in Windows, Mac OS, Unix / Linux . The mainstream IPTC Information Interchange Model editing tools also support editing of XMP data. XMP is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. The XMP specification became an ISO standard and is not proprietary anymore. Initially, Adobe released source code for the XMP SDK under a license called

286-699: The ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED ;— OPEN SOURCE LICENSE . The compatibility of this license with the GNU General Public License has been questioned. The license is not listed on the list maintained by the Open Source Initiative and is different from the licenses for most of their open source software. On May 14, 2007, Adobe released the XMP Toolkit SDK under a standard BSD license. On August 28, 2008, Adobe posted

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312-537: The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative , which include things like title, description, creator, and so on. The standard is designed to be extensible, allowing users to add their own custom types of metadata into the XMP data. XMP generally does not allow binary data types to be embedded. This means that any binary data one wants to carry in XMP, such as thumbnail images, must be encoded in some XML-friendly format, such as Base64 . XMP metadata can describe

338-825: The Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP), but the IIM attribute definitions are the basis for the IPTC Core schema for XMP. Since the late 1970s the IPTC’s activities have primarily focused on developing and publishing industry standards for the interchange of news. The first standard, IPTC 7901 , bridged the eras of teleprinters and computers. In the late 1980s development began on a standard (the Information Interchange Model ) that would be designed to best work with computerized news editing systems. In particular,

364-500: The IPTC Core schema for XMP and most image manipulation programs keep the XMP and non-XMP IPTC attributes synchronized. Because of its nearly universal acceptance among photographers — even amateurs — this is by far IPTC's most widely used standard. On the other hand, the use of IIM structure and metadata for text and graphics is mainly limited to European news agencies. IIM attributes are widely used and supported by many image creation and manipulation programs. Almost all

390-501: The International Press Telecommunications Council . In July 2004, a working group led by Adobe Systems ' Gunar Penikis and IPTC's Michael Steidl was set up, and volunteers were recruited from AFP (Agence France-Presse) , Associated Press , ControlledVocabulary.com, IDEAlliance, Mainichi Shimbun , Reuters , and others, to develop the new schema. The "IPTC Core Schema for XMP" version 1.0 specification

416-700: The First International Photo Metadata conference, titled "Working towards a seamless photo workflow" to a standing room only crowd (over 130 attendees), prior to the CEPIC Congress, in Florence, Italy. A similar conference was held in Malta in June 2008. The IPTC Photo Metadata working group released a white paper, which figured prominently at this event. The conference keynote was given by Andreas Trampe, head of

442-455: The IIM attributes are supported by the Exchangeable image file format (Exif), a specification for the image file format used by digital cameras . IIM metadata can be embedded into JPEG / Exif , TIFF , JPEG2000 or Portable Network Graphics formatted image files. Other file formats such as GIF or PCX do not support IIM. IIM's file structure technology has largely been overtaken by

468-470: The IPTC defined a set of IIM metadata attributes that can be applied to images. These were defined originally in 1979, and revised significantly in 1991 to be part of the IIM, but the concept really advanced in 1994 when Adobe Systems defined a specification for actually embedding the metadata into digital image files — yielding "IPTC headers." (Adobe adopted the IPTC IIM metadata definitions, but not

494-473: The creation, processing and interchange of standardized and custom metadata for digital documents and data sets. XMP standardizes a data model, a serialization format and core properties for the definition and processing of extensible metadata. It also provides guidelines for embedding XMP information into popular image, video and document file formats, such as JPEG and PDF , without breaking their readability by applications that do not support XMP. Therefore,

520-423: The name of the photographer, copyright information and the caption or other description can be embedded either manually or automatically. IIM metadata embedded in images are often referred to as "IPTC headers", and can be easily encoded and decoded by most popular photo editing software. The Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) has largely superseded IIM's file structure, but the IIM image attributes are defined in

546-732: The non-XMP metadata have to be reconciled with the XMP properties. Although metadata can alternatively be stored in a sidecar file , embedding metadata avoids problems that occur when metadata is stored separately. The XMP data model, serialization format and core properties is published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16684-1:2012 standard. The defined XMP data model can be used to store any set of metadata properties. These can be simple name/value pairs, structured values or lists of values. The data can be nested as well. The XMP standard also defines particular namespaces for defined sets of core properties (e.g.

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572-485: The overall IIM data structure. Photos that contain IPTC Headers appear in all other respects to be normal JPEG or TIFF images; software that does not recognize IPTC Headers will simply ignore the metadata .) In 2001, Adobe introduced " Extensible Metadata Platform " (XMP), which is an XML schema for the same types of metadata as IPTC, but is based on XML/ RDF , and is therefore inherently extensible. The effort spawned

598-428: The photo desk of Stern . Other speakers included photographers such as David Riecks and Peter Krogh, photo and news agencies such as Reuters ; representatives of standards bodies such as PLUS, IPTC, and IFRA; as well as spokespersons from the photo metadata implementers side, such as Adobe Systems , Apple Inc. , Canon Inc. , FotoWare AS , Hasselblad , and Microsoft . The electronic presentations given by most of

624-576: The resource. The abstract XMP data model needs a concrete representation when it is stored or embedded into a file. As serialization format, a subset of the W3C RDF/XML syntax is most commonly used. It is a syntax to express a Resource Description Framework graph in XML. There are various equivalent ways to serialize the same XMP packet in RDF/XML. The most common metadata tags recorded in XMP data are those from

650-578: The speakers are available online from the Photo Metadata Conference website Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine including a link to a report on each of the speakers' talks ExifTool – an open-source program for reading, writing, and manipulating image, audio, video, and PDF metadata Extensible Metadata Platform The Extensible Metadata Platform ( XMP ) is an ISO standard , originally created by Adobe Systems Inc. , for

676-458: Was released publicly on March 21, 2005. A set of custom panels for Adobe Photoshop CS can be downloaded from the IPTC. The package includes a User's Guide, example photos with embedded XMP information, the specification document, and an implementation guide for developers. The "User's Guide to the IPTC Core" goes into detail about how each of the fields should be used and is also available directly as

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