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35-760: An IMT-Advanced system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems , smartphones , and other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-broadband Internet access, voice over IP , gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users. IMT-Advanced is intended to accommodate the quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by further development of existing applications like mobile broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat , mobile TV , but also new services like high-definition television (HDTV). 4G may allow roaming with wireless local area networks and may interact with digital video broadcasting systems. It

70-408: A business model of the mobile virtual network operator (MVNO). On 10 July 2012, Megafon and Skartel shareholders declared the end of the transaction. In July 2011, Yota presented a new family of devices compatible with Yota's 4G WiMAX network. The devices had names like "Yota One" and "Yota Many". Unlike previous models, they were designed by the company itself. Shaped like a "plain box", Yota Many

105-505: A large-scale project in 2004. The inherent flexibility and scalability of the new core network approach resulted in an unprecedented rise of classical services deployment as POTS/ISDN, Centrex, ADSL, VPN, as well as implementation of higher bandwidths for the Metro and Long-distance Ethernet / VPN services, cross-national transits and WebTV/IPTV application. In February 2014, Deutsche Telekom revealed that its subsidiary Makedonski Telekom had become

140-559: A lawsuit filed against the company by its contracted manufacturer, Hi-P Singapore. Officially, Novosibirsk was the first Russian city where the LTE network was deployed, commercially launched on 22 December 2011. Then, it was adopted in Krasnodar (29 April 2012), Moscow (10 May 2012), and Sochi (11 May 2012). Samara was connected to LTE on 23 May 2013. And later on, Ufa and Saint Petersburg have also joined this service. LTE networks work within

175-544: A lawsuit. Garsdale Services Investment Ltd. owned 100% of Yota's shares and 50% of MegaFon's shares. In turn, Garsdale is controlled by AF-Telecom (82%), Telconet Capital (13.5%), and the Russian Technologies State Corporation (4.5%). In 2006, the co-owners of the St. Petersburg company Korus, Denis Sverdlov , and Bulgarian businessman Sergey Adonev established a provider of WiMAX . In 2008, Skartel

210-667: A number of factors, including the use of external antennas, distance from the tower and the ground speed (e.g. communications on a train may be poorer than when standing still). Usually the bandwidth is shared between several terminals. The performance of each technology is determined by a number of constraints, including the spectral efficiency of the technology, the cell sizes used, and the amount of spectrum available. For more comparison tables, see bit rate progress trends , comparison of mobile phone standards , spectral efficiency comparison table and OFDM system comparison table . All-IP The next-generation network ( NGN )

245-699: A range of 2.5–2.7 GHz, which is one of the ranges accepted as standard by the International Telecommunication Union . In Russia, these frequencies have also been selected by the Ministry of Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation for the 4th generation networks. AF-Telecom ( Megafon ) and Skartel concluded the contract on joint development of networks for the fourth generation LTE mobile communications in Russia based on

280-414: A theoretical net bitrate maximum capacity of 100 Mbit/s in the downlink and 50 Mbit/s in the uplink if a 20 MHz channel is used. The capacity is more if a MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) antenna array is used. The physical radio interface was at an early stage named "High-Speed Orthogonal Packet Access" and is now named E-UTRA . The CDMA's spread spectrum radio technology that

315-560: Is a body of key architectural changes in telecommunication core and access networks . The general idea behind the NGN is that one network transports all information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of media such as video) by encapsulating these into IP packets , similar to those used on the Internet . NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol , and therefore the term all IP

350-431: Is a more defined separation between the transport (connectivity) portion of the network and the services that run on top of that transport. This means that whenever a provider wants to enable a new service, they can do so by defining it directly at the service layer without considering the transport layer – i.e. services are independent of transport details. Increasingly applications, including voice, tend to be independent of

385-512: Is a portable Wi-Fi hotspot device that is smaller than its predecessor. Yota's primary device, the Modem Yota, operates on Yota's 4G LTE network and looks like a slightly larger and thicker version of the Yota One. On 12 December 2012, Yota Devices announced the first "YotaPhone" prototype , a double-display smartphone . It has a 4.3-inch, HD LCD display on the front and an e-ink display on

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420-448: Is also sometimes used to describe the transformation of formerly telephone-centric networks toward NGN. NGN is a different concept from Future Internet , which is more focused on the evolution of Internet in terms of the variety and interactions of services offered. According to ITU-T , the definition is: From a practical perspective, NGN involves three main architectural changes that need to be looked at separately: In an NGN, there

455-538: Is offered by the Russian company Scartel and is also branded 4G, Yota . Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) was the brand name for a discontinued 4G project within the 3GPP2 standardization group to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next-generation applications and requirements. In November 2008, Qualcomm , UMB's lead sponsor, announced it was ending development of the technology, favoring LTE instead. The objective

490-584: Is sometimes branded 4G, and offers peak data rates of 128 Mbit/s downlink and 56 Mbit/s uplink over 20 MHz wide channels. The first commercial mobile WiMAX service was opened by KT in Seoul, South Korea in June 2006. In September 2008, Sprint Nextel marketed Mobile WiMAX as a "4G" network even though it did not fulfill the IMT Advanced requirements. In Russia, Belarus, and Nicaragua, WiMax broadband internet access

525-454: Is under the control of the network operator or telco, many of the largest carriers use H.323 as the protocol of choice in their core backbones. With the most recent changes introduced for H.323, it is now possible for H.323 devices to easily and consistently traverse NAT and firewall devices, opening up the possibility that H.323 may again be looked upon more favorably in cases where such devices encumbered its use previously. Nonetheless, most of

560-669: The 802.16m-2011 standard was rolled up into the 802.16-2012 standard, excluding the WirelessMAN-Advanced radio interface part of the 802.16m-2011 standard, which got moved to IEEE Std 802.16.1-2012. The following table shows a comparison of IMT-Advanced candidate systems as well as other competing technologies. Antenna , RF front end enhancements and minor protocol timer tweaks have helped deploy long range P2P networks compromising on radial coverage, throughput and/or spectra efficiency ( 310 km & 382 km ) Notes: All speeds are theoretical maximums and will vary by

595-620: The European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI ) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP ). In the UK, another popular acronym was introduced by BT (British Telecom) as 21CN (21st Century Networks, sometimes mistakenly quoted as C21N) – this is another loose term for NGN and denotes BT's initiative to deploy and operate NGN switches and networks in the period 2006–2008 (the aim being by 2008 BT to have only all-IP switches in their network). The concept

630-513: The IEEE 802.20 standard in 2008. In October 2010, ITU-R Working Party 5D approved two industry-developed technologies. On December 6, 2010, ITU noted that while current versions of LTE, WiMax and other evolved 3G technologies do not fulfill IMT-Advanced requirements for 4G, some may use the term "4G" in an "undefined" fashion to represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced that show "a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to

665-568: The IMT-Advanced standards. The WirelessMAN-Advanced evolution of IEEE 802.16e was published in May 2011 as standard IEEE 802.16m-2011 . The relevant industry promoting the technology gave it the marketing name of WiMAX Release 2. It had an objective to fulfill the IMT-Advanced criteria. The IMT-Advanced group formally approved this technology as meeting its criteria in October 2010. In the second half of 2012,

700-633: The ITU adopts requirements and recommendations for technologies that would be used for future communications, they do not actually perform the development work themselves, and countries do not consider them binding standards. Other trade groups and standards bodies such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , the WiMAX Forum , and 3GPP also have a role. Physical layer transmission techniques expected to be used include: Long Term Evolution (LTE) has

735-633: The LTE network deployment constituted $ 20 million. The fourth generation LTE network, which was tested by the Yota provider in Kazan, was switched off the next day. On May 9, 2012, Yota's WiMAX was replaced by its LTE network. In September 2012, 4G networks were launched in the Russian cities of Novosibirsk , Krasnodar , Sochi , Samara , Vladivostok , Ufa , Kazan , Moscow, and Saint Petersburg. In April 2019, Yota filed for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy stemmed from

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770-535: The Netherlands, KPN is developing an NGN in a network transformation program called all-IP. Next Generation Networks also extends into the messaging domain and in Ireland, Openmind Networks has designed, built and deployed Traffic Control to handle the demands and requirements of all IP networks. In Bulgaria, BTC (Bulgarian Telecommunications Company) has implemented the NGN as underlying network of its telco services on

805-529: The Softswitch is creating the interface to the existing telephone network, PSTN , through Signalling Gateways and Media Gateways . However, the Softswitch as a term may be defined differently by the different equipment manufacturers and have somewhat different functions. The term Gatekeeper sometimes appears in NGN literature. This was originally a VoIP device, which converted voice and data from their analog or digital switched-circuit form ( PSTN , SS7 ) to

840-619: The THUS backbone network uses MPLS technology to deliver the highest possible performance. IP/MPLS-based services carry voice, video and data traffic across a converged infrastructure, potentially allowing organisations to enjoy lower infrastructure costs, as well as added flexibility and functionality. Traffic can be prioritised with Classes of Service, coupled with Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that underpin quality of service performance guarantees. The THUS NGN accommodates seven Classes of Service, four of which are currently offered on MPLS IP VPN . In

875-687: The access network (de-layering of network and applications) and will reside more on end-user devices (phone, PC, set-top box ). Next-generation networks are based on Internet technologies including Internet Protocol (IP) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). At the application level, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) seems to be taking over from ITU-T H.323 . Initially H.323 was the most popular protocol, though its popularity decreased due to its original poor traversal of network address translation (NAT) and firewalls. For this reason as domestic VoIP services have been developed, SIP has been more widely adopted. However, in voice networks where everything

910-413: The bearer layer. The MPLS-optimized architecture also enables Frame Relay and ATM traffic to be transported over a Layer 2 VPN, which supports both legacy traffic and new IP services over a single IP/MPLS network. Scartel Yota ( Russian : Йота ) was a Russian mobile phone brand and mobile broadband manufacturer. Yota was a trademark of Skartel LLC. Yota later suffered bankruptcy due to

945-867: The first European incumbent to convert its PSTN infrastructure to an all IP network. It took just over two years for all 290,000 fixed lines to be migrated onto the new platform. The capital investment worth 14 million euros makes Macedonia the first country in the South-East Europe whose network will be fully based on Internet protocol. In Canada, startup Wind Mobile owned by Globalive is deploying an all-IP wireless backbone for its mobile phone service. In mid 2005, China Telecom announced its commercial roll-out of China Telecom's Next Generation Carrying Network, or CN2, using Internet Protocol Next-Generation Network (IP NGN) architecture. Its IPv6-capable backbone network leverages softswitches (the control layer) and protocols like DiffServ and MPLS, which boosts performance of

980-558: The initial third generation systems now deployed." LTE Advanced (Long-term-evolution Advanced) was formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T in the fall of 2009, and was released in 2011. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced was to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. LTE Advanced is an improvement on the existing LTE network. Release 10 of LTE is expected to achieve the LTE Advanced speeds. Release 8 in 2009 supported up to 300 Mbit/s download speeds which were still short of

1015-490: The packet-based one ( IP ) using gateways. It controlled one or more gateways. As soon as this kind of device started using the Media Gateway Control Protocol , the name was changed to Media Gateway Controller (MGC). A Call Agent is a general name for devices/systems controlling calls. The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a standardised NGN architecture for an Internet media-services capability defined by

1050-409: The telcos are extensively researching and supporting IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which gives SIP a major chance of being the most widely adopted protocol. For voice applications one of the most important devices in NGN is a Softswitch – a programmable device that controls Voice over IP ( VoIP ) calls. It enables correct integration of different protocols within NGN. The most important function of

1085-503: Was abandoned, however, in favor of maintaining current-generation equipment. The first company in the UK to roll out a NGN was THUS plc which started deployment back in 1999. THUS' NGN contains 10,600 km of fibre optic cable with more than 190 points of presence throughout the UK. The core optical network uses dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technology to provide scalability to many hundreds of gigabits per second of bandwidth, in line with growth demand. On top of this,

IMT Advanced - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-498: Was meant to go beyond the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 requirements, which specify mobile phones systems marketed as 3G . Specific requirements of the IMT-Advanced report included: The first set of 3GPP requirements on LTE Advanced was approved in June 2008. A summary of the technologies that have been studied as the basis for LTE Advanced is included in a technical report. While

1155-587: Was the first company in Russia to deploy WiMAX standard networks in Moscow and Saint Petersburg in a range of 2.5–2.7 GHz. In 2010, Yota announced its plans to launch LTE on its network. The first test of the new standard network took place in Kazan on 30 August 2010. The subscribers gained access to the Internet at a rate of 20–30 Mbit/s. About 150 base stations have been installed in Kazan. The investments into

1190-553: Was to achieve data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream. At an early stage, the Flash-OFDM system was expected to be further developed into a 4G standard. The iBurst technology, using High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access (HC-SDMA), was at an early stage considered as a 4G predecessor. It was incorporated by the Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) working group into

1225-971: Was used in 3G systems and cdmaOne has been abandoned. It was replaced by orthogonal frequency-division multiple access and other frequency-division multiple access schemes. This is combined with MIMO antenna arrays, dynamic channel allocation , and channel-dependent scheduling . The first publicly available LTE services were branded "4G" and opened in Sweden's capital city Stockholm ( Ericsson system) and Norway's capital city Oslo (a Huawei system) on 14 December 2009. The user terminals were manufactured by Samsung. All three major U.S. wireless carriers offer LTE services. In South Korea, SK Telecom and LG U+ have enabled access to LTE service since July 2011 for data devices, slated to go nationwide by 2012. The Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) mobile wireless broadband access (MWBA) standard (marketed as WiBro in South Korea)

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