39-558: (Redirected from ILAM ) [REDACTED] Look up Ilam in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ilam may refer to: Places [ edit ] Ilam District , Province No. 1, Nepal Ilam Municipality , in the Ilam District, Nepal Ilam Province , Region 4, Iran Ilam County , Ilam Province Ilam, Iran , capital city of Ilam Province and Ilam County Ilam Airport , serving
78-409: A combination of factors such as rivers flowing from the mountains to the east, dams and irrigation networks. The Ghamasiab river , after running through Kermanshah province , flows toward Ilam. Upon arriving at the point where the borders of Ilam, Lorestan and Kermanshah provinces meet, it is named Seymareh . It then flows west and southward and somewhere near Kal Sefid Village, Darreh Shahr ,
117-644: A diverse linguistic presence, albeit having the smallest population in Iran. This diversity derives from the geographical location of the province, positioned in the transitional zone between Kurdish and the Southwestern Iranian language bloc. The predominant language is Kurdish, more specifically the Southern Kurdish dialects Kalhori, Elami, Malekshahi, Laki and the Khezeli dialect closely related to Laki. Kurdish
156-455: A significant Kurdish-speaking minority. Two linguistically distinctive Luri dialects called Hinimini and Shuhani are also spoken in the province. Shahrak-e Changuleh is the largest Shuhani-speaking settlement, while Hinimini is spoken in and around Zarangush . Arabic is spoken in smaller settlements near the border to Khuzestan Province including in Shahrak-e Zu ol Faqari . The north
195-536: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ilam [REDACTED] Look up Ilam in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ilam may refer to: Places [ edit ] Ilam District , Province No. 1, Nepal Ilam Municipality , in the Ilam District, Nepal Ilam Province , Region 4, Iran Ilam County , Ilam Province Ilam, Iran , capital city of Ilam Province and Ilam County Ilam Airport , serving
234-452: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ilam Province Ilam Province ( Persian : استان ایلام ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . Its capital is the city of Ilam . The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km (7,785.41 sq mi). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of
273-647: Is home to the endangered Spider-tailed horned viper , a unique species only found in Ilam province in the world. More than 6,400 km (2,500 sq mi) of the province, around 31% of its territory, is covered with scattered to dense forests. This is about one third of the total forests in the Zagros Mountains . The predominant species of these forests are Persian oak , though other trees such as wild almond , hawthorn , Persian turpentine , Montpellier maple and Judas can be found. The Arghavan Canyon near Ilam
312-553: Is joined by the Kashkan river and together they create the Karkheh river , the third longest river in Iran with a length of around 755 km. Seymareh and Karkheh constitute the Ilam's eastern border with Lorestan province. Because of the terrain, the permanent and seasonal rivers and stream that originate from Ilam highlands either fall into Seymareh , such as Chardavol, Garab, Seekan, Darreh Shahr and Majeen rivers; or, flow westward toward
351-526: Is known for the pink blooms of the Judas-trees , which flower in Spring. Due to its geographical location, natural conditions and the diversity of its habitats, Ilam province is home to 32 mammals and 183 birds. The mountainous areas, specifically, host mammals such as: Ilam province is only area in the world in which the spider-tailed horned viper can be found. About 13% of the total territory of Ilam province
390-539: Is mostly inhabited by the Kurdish Kalhuri and Feyli tribes . The Feyli tribes include the Malekshahi , Khezel , Arkawâzi, Beyrey, Shuhan and Ali Sherwan tribes. As of 2011, 99.62% of the population are Muslim . At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 530,464 in 110,515 households. The following census in 2011 counted 557,599 people in 135,499 households. The 2016 census measured
429-525: Is the dominant language in the cities of Ilam , Mehran , Eyvan , Abdanan , Sarableh , Lumar and Pahleh , and Cheshmeh-ye Shirin Shah Ahmad is the southern-most Kurdish-speaking settlement in the province. Luri is spoken in the southern parts of the province and is the predominant language in Murmuri , Haft Cheshmeh and many smaller villages. The city of Darreh Shahr has a Luri-speaking majority with
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#1732884027171468-487: Is the least populated province in Iran. Ilam , the provincial capital, has a population of 194,030; All other towns have less than 35,000 population. Ilam province, with an area of 20,150 km (7,780 sq mi), is the 22nd largest province in Iran . It is located in the southwest of the country, in Central Zagros , and is bordered by Iraq to the west, Khuzestan province to the south, Lorestan province to
507-528: The Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC. During the Achaemenid Empire , Elam lost its independence forever and became the third province of the empire after Persis and Media. During the reign of the Medes , Achaemenids , Seleucids and Parthians , owing to its proximity to the districts of Hamadan, Kurdistan , Kermanshah, Lorestan and, most notably, Susa , the area and its settlements took on importance. During
546-724: The Sassanid era, the present-day Ilam was composed of two states: Mehrjanqazaq in the east, which was the modern day Darreh Shahr and Masbasan in the west. After the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia in 640 AD, the Arabs named the area the "Land of the Mountains," or " Jibal ". During the Arabs' rule, the kingdom of Jibal, whose capital was Seymareh , was one of the territories under the control of Baghdad and Basra, and lasted until 961 CE. The Rashidun Caliphate conquered Mesopotamia by 640 CE and later
585-467: The border with Iraq , and also bordering on the provinces of Kermanshah , Lorestan , and Khuzestan . Ilam was named after the ancient civilization of " Elam " that lived in the areas in present-day southwest Iran for millennia, between 2700 and 539 BC. For a long time, the area of the present-day Ilam province was called 'Poshtkouh' and along with 'Pishkouh', constituted Lorestan. When Hossein Qoli Khan
624-600: The Ḥasanwayhid dynasty ruled over western Iran under the influence of the Buyid Dynasty . Centred at Dinawar , near present-day Kermanshah , Hasanwyhids, Kurdish Muslims with ties to the Kurdish Barzikani tribe, controlled central areas of the Zagros Mountains . At its greatest extent, the dynasty included the modern-day areas around Khorramabad , Borujerd , Nahavand , Asadabad , Borujerd , Ahwaz , Ilam , Kermanshah , Hulwan and Kirkuk . The Ḥasanwayhid dynasty
663-532: The area in modern southwest Iran from 2700 BC to 539 BC. Archaeological findings dates human settlement of the area to around 5000 BC. Ashurbanipal , the then king of Assyria , invaded Elam in 639 BC and totally destroyed it. Although not as united as before, the Elamites survived and continued to live in the area after the invasion. Between 612 and 546 BC, Elam was incorporated into the Median Empire and later into
702-971: The city Ilam University Farm , a village in Mehran County, Ilam Province Ilam, New Zealand , a suburb of Christchurch Ilam (New Zealand electorate) , a parliamentary electorate Ilam School of Fine Arts , University of Canterbury, Ilam Ilam, Staffordshire , a village in England Ilam Park , a National Trust property in Ilam, Staffordshire Ilam or Eelam , Tamil name for Sri Lanka Other uses [ edit ] Independent Lawyers' Association of Myanmar Instituto Latinoamericano de Museos , web portal about Latin American museums and parks International Library of African Music , based in South Africa See also [ edit ] Elam (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
741-745: The city Ilam University Farm , a village in Mehran County, Ilam Province Ilam, New Zealand , a suburb of Christchurch Ilam (New Zealand electorate) , a parliamentary electorate Ilam School of Fine Arts , University of Canterbury, Ilam Ilam, Staffordshire , a village in England Ilam Park , a National Trust property in Ilam, Staffordshire Ilam or Eelam , Tamil name for Sri Lanka Other uses [ edit ] Independent Lawyers' Association of Myanmar Instituto Latinoamericano de Museos , web portal about Latin American museums and parks International Library of African Music , based in South Africa See also [ edit ] Elam (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
780-447: The country after Kohgiluyeh and Lorestan provinces, excluding the northern provinces of Mazandarn and Gilan . The highlands and the forests of the province are the habitat of many animals including the Asian black bear , Caracal , Caucasian squirrel , Eastern imperial eagle , Golden eagle , Black kite , Black stork , Blunt-nosed viper , and the endangered Persian leopard . Ilam
819-592: The country into 10 province and 49 counties. Based on the new division, "Ilam" was a county of the "Fifth Province". In 1964, Darreh Shahr , Abdanan and Dehloran from Lorestan province and Mousian from Khuzestan were annexed to Ilam, thus upping its status to "general governorate" as part of the Kermanshah Province. Ilam subsequently became a province in March 1974. After the Islamic Revolution , Ilam
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#1732884027171858-576: The east, and Kermanshah province to the north. Ilam province is situated at the southwestern edge of Zagros mountains and right at the transition between the Arabian and the Iranian plateaus . Because of this, it is divided into two distinct natural areas; The northern and eastern parts are mountainous, whereas the southwest is covered with low plains that extend to the Iraqi and Khuzestan borders. The mountains in
897-593: The last ruler, Shahverdi Khan, and replaced Shahverdi's nephew, Hossein Beyg/Khan, thus ending the rule of Little Lor and beginning of the Vali/Wali dynasty also known as Feyli Vali. During the Qajar era, Lorestan was divided into two regions: Poshtkoh (present-day Ilam province) with the center of Ilam city and Pishkouh (present-day Lorestan) with the center of Khorramabad . Poshtkhouh literally means “back of mountain” and it
936-473: The local governments to consolidate his dominance. In 1928, the government forces took over Poshtkouh and Gholamreza Khan Feyli , the last Feyli governor left Poshtkouh with any resistance and went to Iraq, thus abolishing the rule of the Feylis in Ilam after 332 years. A year later, in 1929, "Hossein-Abad" was renamed to "Ilam" by the suggestion of Academy of Persian Language and Literature . On November 7, 1937,
975-605: The low lands and into Iraq and Khuzestan, such as Ghanghir, Ghodar-Khosh, Kanjan-Cham, Roud Ghavi, Changouleh Meymeh, Murmuri, Doiraj and Siah Ghav rivers. Apart from some few springs here and there, such as Siah-Ghav Twin Lakes near Abdanan , there are no major natural bodies of water in the province. There are, however, four dam that provide important drinking water, these include Ilam , Seymareh , Eywan and Doiraj dams. With about 31% of its territory covered with scattered to dense forests of mostly Persian oak , Ilam ranks 3rd in
1014-426: The north and east are mostly parallel, running in the northwest–southeast direction. These mountains are separated by plains and rolling hills that are mostly used to grow crops and orchards by settlers. The most prominent mountain in Ilam province is Kabir Kouh , which is located in the eastern part of the province, stretching 160 km from near Pol-e Zal in the southeast to Mishkhas village near Ilam city in
1053-516: The northwest. The highest point in province, Kan Seifi peak with 2,775 m (9,104 ft) above sea level, is part of Kabir Kouh range. Other major mountains include: Contrary to the north, the south and southwestern part of the province is covered with low-lying plains with elevation varying between 50 and 300 m (160 and 980 ft) above sea level. Despite receiving little precipitation, large areas of these low lands, notably Dehloran , Musian and Dasht Abbas , are cultivated owing to
1092-556: The parliament passed a law on the political division of the country under the title of "Act of Division of the Country and the Duties of the Governors", thereby dividing the country into 6 provinces and 50 counties. Poshtkouh, being a county, was part of the "West Province". The 1937 political division law did not last long and a while later on January 9, 1938, an amendment was passed which divided
1131-415: The population of the province as 580,158 people in 159,310 households. Ilam is presently the least populated province in Iran. The province of Ilam is divided into 12 counties , 28 districts and 52 rural districts . Following the approval of the government cabinet, Holeylan County was established on 4 January 2020, having been a district of Chardavol County prior to that, becoming the 11th county of
1170-410: The province. Chavar District was separated from Ilam County and elevated to county status. [REDACTED] The population history and structural changes of Ilam province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. According to the 2016 census, 395,263 people (over 68% of the population of Ilam province) live in the following cities: Ilam province
1209-444: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ilam . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilam&oldid=1220859020 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
Ilam - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-444: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ilam . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilam&oldid=1220859020 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1287-514: The upper and lower villages. During the rule of Hossein Qoli Khan over "Deh-e Bala" (1863-1900 CE), it was renamed to "Hossein-Abad Poshtkuh". The Vali Castle of Ilam was built by the next Vali, Gholamreza Khan Feyli, in 1908. The castle is now a nationally registered heritage and also the Ilam Museum of Anthropology. Following the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1925, Reza Shah suppressed
1326-573: The western Iran in 945 CE, the Buyid Dynasty ruled over this area until 1055. For 270 years, between 1155 and 1424, the reigned the Zagros Mountains , especially areas around Lorestan . Hazaraspids who are also known as Lorestan Atabegs were composed of two groups, the Little Lor , who were mostly of Lor descent and Big Lor Atabegs who were of Kurdish descent. The former controlled parts of present-day provinces of Markazi , Hamedan , Kermanshah , Lorestan , Khuzestan and Ilam. From 961 to 1015,
1365-539: The whole Sasanid Empire by 643 CE and kept the control until their collapse in 661 CE. Prior to their collapse, civil war had taken over the caliphate, after which Muawiyah faction won and thus established the Umayyad Caliphate . The Umayyad controlled the area until their own collapse in 750 AD, after which the Abbasid Caliphate took over and reigned for around two hundred years until 945 CE. After conquering
1404-452: Was due to the fact that Ilam was situated at the westernmost parts of the Zagros Mountains and to the rest of the country it was plainly considered at the back of mountains. From that point on, Ilam was ruled independently from Lorestan, and the governor reported directly to the central government, thereby ending Lorestan control of Ilam and Poshtkouh. The two districts were later renamed "Deh-e Bala" and "Deh-e Pa'een", which basically means
1443-528: Was of the main battlegrounds of the Iran-Iraq war for years. The war began with the Iraqi invasion of western and southwestern parts of Iran on September 22, 1980. As a border province, Ilam was a constant target for the Iraqi bombing campaign and suffered heavily in terms of economic infrastructure. The war left Ilam province devastated for years, making it one of the least developed provinces in Iran. Ilam Province has
1482-660: Was overthrown by the Annazids , who, with help of the Buyid dynasty , controlled the area until their collapse in 1116 CE. The capital of Little Lor was Shapourkhwast or the modern-day Khorramabad , especially the Falak-ol-Aflak Castle. The Little Lor Atabegs or the Khorshidi dynasty ruled over the area for over 412 years, from 1184 to 1597 CE, after which Shah Abbas the Great executed
1521-516: Was the ruler of Poshtkouh, it was also known as 'Hossein-Abad'. During the reign of Reza Shah in September 1929, following the approval of the Cabinet of the time, 'Hossein-Abad' village was renamed to 'Ilam' "to commemorate the magnificence and glory of the ancient civilization of Elam ." Later in 1937 it was declared a town. The name "Ilam" comes from " Elam ", the pre-historic civilization that ruled
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