22-530: The Indian Institute of Management Act, 2017 ( IAST : Bhāratīya Prabaṃdhana Saṃsthāna Adhiniyama, 2017 ) is an Indian legislation. The Act declared the Indian Institutes of Management as institutions of national importance and enabled them to offer degrees and further make substantial changes in their administration. The bill was approved by the Union Cabinet on 24 January 2017. The Act
44-568: A macron ). Vocalic (syllabic) consonants, retroflexes and ṣ ( / ʂ ~ ɕ ~ʃ/ ) have an underdot . One letter has an overdot: ṅ ( /ŋ/ ). One has an acute accent : ś ( /ʃ/ ). One letter has a line below: ḻ ( / ɭ / ) (Vedic). Unlike ASCII -only romanisations such as ITRANS or Harvard-Kyoto , the diacritics used for IAST allow capitalisation of proper names. The capital variants of letters never occurring word-initially ( Ṇ Ṅ Ñ Ṝ Ḹ ) are useful only when writing in all-caps and in Pāṇini contexts for which
66-502: A century of scholarly usage in books and journals on classical Indian studies. By contrast, the ISO 15919 standard for transliterating Indic scripts emerged in 2001 from the standards and library worlds. For the most part, ISO 15919 follows the IAST scheme, departing from it only in minor ways (e.g., ṃ/ṁ and ṛ/r̥)—see comparison below. The Indian National Library at Kolkata romanization , intended for
88-433: A font, etc. It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs. Equivalent tools – such as gucharmap ( GNOME ) or kcharselect ( KDE ) – exist on most Linux desktop environments. Users of SCIM on Linux based platforms can also have
110-623: Is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that emerged during the 19th century from suggestions by Charles Trevelyan , William Jones , Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva Oriental Congress , in September 1894. IAST makes it possible for
132-782: Is by setting up an alternative keyboard layout . This allows one to hold a modifier key to type letters with diacritical marks. For example, alt + a = ā. How this is set up varies by operating system. Linux/Unix and BSD desktop environments allow one to set up custom keyboard layouts and switch them by clicking a flag icon in the menu bar. macOS One can use the pre-installed US International keyboard, or install Toshiya Unebe's Easy Unicode keyboard layout. Microsoft Windows Windows also allows one to change keyboard layouts and set up additional custom keyboard mappings for IAST. This Pali keyboard installer made by Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) supports IAST (works on Microsoft Windows up to at least version 10, can use Alt button on
154-594: The area of Sanskrit studies make use of free OpenType fonts such as FreeSerif or Gentium , both of which have complete support for the full repertoire of conjoined diacritics in the IAST character set. Released under the GNU FreeFont or SIL Open Font License , respectively, such fonts may be freely shared and do not require the person reading or editing a document to purchase proprietary software to make use of its associated fonts. University Grants Commission Act, 1956 The University Grants Commission Act, 1956
176-573: The board; a nominee each from central and state governments; two members of the faculty; four eminent personalities from fields including education and industry, one of whom has to be a woman, and; the director of the institute. The Act provides for the creation of an academic council for each IIM, which is the principal academic body under the act and which would decide the: (a) academic content; (b) criteria and processes for admissions to course; and (c) guidelines for conduct of examinations. The academic council would comprise: (a)
198-454: The chairperson of the coordination forum, by rotation for two years; (d) the director of each institute ( ex-officio ); (e) five eminent personalities—of whom one has to be of a woman—in the fields of academia and public service. The bill also proposes to incorporate many other changes like audit of institutes by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India . Even after
220-519: The commencement of the Act, not all IIMs granted degrees in the first year of its commencement. IIM Lucknow , IIM Ranchi , IIM Rohtak and IIM Ahmedabad granted postgraduate diplomas, whereas IIM Bangalore , IIM Calcutta , IIM Indore , IIM Udaipur , IIM Visakhapatnam granted degrees. In March 2018, IIMs were told at a meeting with HRD ministry that the Act only empowered them to grant degrees for courses with duration of two years or more. Further,
242-526: The consumer edition since XP. This is limited to characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Characters are searchable by Unicode character name, and the table can be limited to a particular code block. More advanced third-party tools of the same type are also available (a notable freeware example is BabelMap ). macOS provides a "character palette" with much the same functionality, along with searching by related characters, glyph tables in
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#1733086007791264-625: The convention is to typeset the IT sounds as capital letters. For the most part, IAST is a subset of ISO 15919 that merges the retroflex (underdotted) liquids with the vocalic ones ( ringed below ) and the short close-mid vowels with the long ones. The following seven exceptions are from the ISO standard accommodating an extended repertoire of symbols to allow transliteration of Devanāgarī and other Indic scripts , as used for languages other than Sanskrit. The most convenient method of inputting romanized Sanskrit
286-402: The director; (b) deans in charge of academics, research, student affairs and other such functions of the institute; (c) chairs and coordinators of various areas, programmes, faculties, centres, departments and schools of the institute; (d) all full-time faculty members at the level of professor and; (e) members, by invitation of the board — on the recommendation of the director — who are eminent in
308-509: The fields of industry, finance, management, academics and public administration. The Act provides for the creation of a coordination forum, which would discuss matters pertaining to all IIMs. The coordination forum would comprise: (a) Higher Education Secretary ( ex-officio ); (b) two secretaries in charge of management education of state governments in which the institutes are located, by rotation, each year ( ex-officio ); (c) four chairpersons of institutes, to be nominated by
330-483: The ministry told the institutes that, for them to confer degrees not mentioned in the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 , the institutes would have to seek the government's permission. IIMs were also asked to chalk up their action plan and outline their long-term strategy. International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration ( IAST )
352-670: The opportunity to install and use the sa-itrans-iast input handler which provides complete support for the ISO 15919 standard for the romanization of Indic languages as part of the m17n library. Or user can use some Unicode characters in Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended Additional and Combining Diarcritical Marks block to write IAST. Only certain fonts support all the Latin Unicode characters essential for
374-402: The power to give degrees. The Act provides for the creation of a boards of governors, which would act as the principal executive body for each IIM, and would appoint one director for each IIM, whose pay is ₹ 225,000 in seventh pay commission but who is entitled to a variable pay. The board of governors would have a maximum of nineteen members including one chairperson of
396-590: The reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script. It is this faithfulness to the original scripts that accounts for its continuing popularity amongst scholars. Scholars commonly use IAST in publications that cite textual material in Sanskrit, Pāḷi and other classical Indian languages. IAST is also used for major e-text repositories such as SARIT, Muktabodha, GRETIL, and sanskritdocuments.org. The IAST scheme represents more than
418-464: The right side of the keyboard instead of Ctrl+Alt combination). Many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Microsoft Windows has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting ⊞ Win + R then type charmap then hit ↵ Enter ) since version NT 4.0 – appearing in
440-483: The romanisation of all Indic scripts , is an extension of IAST. The IAST letters are listed with their Devanagari equivalents and phonetic values in IPA , valid for Sanskrit , Hindi and other modern languages that use Devanagari script, but some phonological changes have occurred: * H is actually glottal , not velar . Some letters are modified with diacritics : Long vowels are marked with an overline (often called
462-483: The transliteration of Indic scripts according to the IAST and ISO 15919 standards. For example, the Arial , Tahoma and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later versions also support precomposed Unicode characters like ī . Many other text fonts commonly used for book production may be lacking in support for one or more characters from this block. Accordingly, many academics working in
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#1733086007791484-660: Was introduced as a bill in Lok Sabha by the Minister of Human Resource Development , Prakash Javadekar , on 9 February 2017. The bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28 July 2017, and by the Rajya Sabha on 19 December 2017. After receiving the President's assent, the bill became an Act on 31 December 2017. The Act declares Indian Institutes of Management as institutions of national importance and grants them
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