In computing , a keyboard shortcut (also hotkey / hot key or key binding ) is a software -based assignment of an action to one or more keys on a computer keyboard. Most operating systems and applications come with a default set of keyboard shortcuts , some of which may be modified by the user in the settings .
42-514: IDLE (short for Integrated Development and Learning Environment ) is an integrated development environment for Python , which has been bundled with the default implementation of the language since 1.5.2b1. It is packaged as an optional part of the Python packaging with many Linux distributions . It is completely written in Python and the Tkinter GUI toolkit ( wrapper functions for Tcl / Tk ). IDLE
84-549: A class hierarchy diagram for use in object-oriented software development . Integrated development environments are designed to maximize programmer productivity by providing tight-knit components with similar user interfaces . IDEs present a single program in which all development is done. This program typically provides many features for authoring, modifying, compiling, deploying and debugging software. This contrasts with software development using unrelated tools, such as vi , GDB , GNU Compiler Collection , or make . One aim of
126-510: A console or terminal . Early systems could not support one, since programs were submitted to a compiler or assembler via punched cards , paper tape , etc. Dartmouth BASIC was the first language to be created with an IDE (and was also the first to be designed for use while sitting in front of a console or terminal). Its IDE (part of the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System ) was command-based, and therefore did not look much like
168-558: A complete development environment, capable of developing large programs such as the Linux kernel and its environment. In this sense, the entire Unix system functions as an IDE. The free software GNU toolchain (including GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Debugger (GDB), and GNU make ) is available on many platforms, including Windows. The pervasive Unix philosophy of "everything is a text stream" enables developers who favor command-line oriented tools to use editors with support for many of
210-509: A concrete implementation of some specified functionality. Visual programming is a usage scenario in which an IDE is generally required. Visual Basic allows users to create new applications by moving programming, building blocks, or code nodes to create flowcharts or structure diagrams that are then compiled or interpreted. These flowcharts often are based on the Unified Modeling Language . This interface has been popularized with
252-443: A means for invoking one or more commands using the keyboard that would otherwise be accessible only through a menu , a pointing device , different levels of a user interface , or via a command-line interface . Keyboard shortcuts are generally used to expedite common operations by reducing input sequences to a few keystrokes , hence the term "shortcut". To differentiate from general keyboard input, most keyboard shortcuts require
294-629: A physical macro key specifically for this purpose. The precise words used for these assignments and their meaning can vary depending on the context. For example, Microsoft has generally used keyboard shortcuts for Windows and Microsoft Office since the transition to 64-bit for Windows 7. However, they used hot keys prior to that and continue to do so in their 32-bit API for developing 'classic desktop apps'. Meanwhile, Lenovo and ASUS each have keyboard configuration software made for Windows that are named "Lenovo Hotkeys " and "ASUS Keyboard Hotkeys " respectively. The assignment process
336-432: A regular keyboard. Reference cards intended to be propped up in the user's workspace also exist for many applications. In the past, when keyboard design was more standardized, it was common for computer books and magazines to print cards that were cut out, intended to be placed over the user's keyboard with the printed shortcuts noted next to the appropriate keys. When shortcuts are referred to as key bindings, it carries
378-637: A replacement for make rather than relying on any IDE features. Some Linux IDEs such as Geany attempt to provide a graphical front end to traditional build operations. On the various Microsoft Windows platforms, command-line tools for development are seldom used. Accordingly, there are many commercial and non-commercial products. However, each has a different design commonly creating incompatibilities. Most major compiler vendors for Windows still provide free copies of their command-line tools, including Microsoft ( Visual C++ , Platform SDK , .NET Framework SDK, nmake utility). IDEs have always been popular on
420-652: A set of keyboard shortcuts that would remain consistent across application programs. This provides a better user experience than the then-prevalent situation of applications using the same keys for different functions. This could result in user errors if one program used ⌘ Command + D to mean Delete while another used it to Duplicate an item. The standard bindings were: Later environments such as Microsoft Windows retain some of these bindings, while adding their own from alternate standards like Common User Access . The shortcuts on these platforms (or on macOS ) are not as strictly standardized across applications as on
462-416: A user's prerogative, and that they should be customizable to suit individual preference. In most real-world environments, both philosophies co-exist; a core set of sacred shortcuts remain fixed while others, typically involving an otherwise unused modifier key or keys, are under the user's control. The motivations for customizing key bindings vary. Users new to a program or software environment may customize
SECTION 10
#1732884663213504-444: A web IDE or cloud IDE, is a browser based IDE that allows for software development or web development. An online IDE can be accessed from a web browser, allowing for a portable work environment. An online IDE does not usually contain all of the same features as a traditional or desktop IDE although all of the basic IDE features, such as syntax highlighting, are typically present. A Mobile-Based Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
546-543: Is a modern on-the-fly syntax checking extension for GNU Emacs 24 with support for 39 languages. Another example is JDoodle, an online cloud-based IDE that supports 88 languages. [1] Eclipse , and Netbeans have plugins for C / C++ , Ada , GNAT (for example AdaGIDE ), Perl , Python , Ruby , and PHP , which are selected between automatically based on file extension, environment or project settings. IDEs can be implemented in various languages, for example: Unix programmers can combine command-line POSIX tools into
588-506: Is a software application that provides a comprehensive suite of tools for software development on mobile platforms. Unlike traditional desktop IDEs, mobile-based IDEs are designed to run on smartphones and tablets, allowing developers to write, debug, and deploy code directly from their mobile devices. Keyboard shortcut Keyboard configuration software allows users to create and assign macros to key combinations which can perform more complex sequences of actions. Some older keyboards had
630-655: Is an autocompletion feature in many integrated development environments (IDEs) that speeds up the process of coding applications by fixing common mistakes and suggesting lines of code. This usually happens through popups while typing, querying parameters of functions, and query hints related to syntax errors. Modern code completion software typically uses generative artificial intelligence systems to predict lines of code. Code completion and related tools serve as documentation and disambiguation for variable names, functions , and methods , using static analysis . Advanced IDEs provide support for automated refactoring . An IDE
672-610: Is expected to provide integrated version control , in order to interact with source repositories. IDEs are also used for debugging, using an integrated debugger , with support for setting breakpoints in the editor, visual rendering of steps, etc. IDEs may provide support for code search. Code search has two different meanings. First, it means searching for class and function declarations, usages, variable and field read/write, etc. IDEs can use different kinds of user interface for code search, for example form-based widgets and natural-language based interfaces. Second, it means searching for
714-470: Is intended to be a simple IDE and suitable for beginners, especially in an educational environment. To that end, it is cross-platform, and avoids feature clutter. According to the included README , its main features are: Author Guido van Rossum says IDLE stands for "Integrated Development and Learning Environment", and since Van Rossum named the language Python after the British comedy group Monty Python ,
756-628: Is referred to as mapping the actions to the keys, and changing them afterwards is therefore remapping . The assigned action is then said to be bound to the key, leading to the phrase key binding being used interchangeably with shortcut and hotkey. As other input devices became increasingly configurable in the early 2000's, the term shortcut began to be used to refer to what are essentially keyboard shortcuts being mapped to objects that are not keyboard keys. The most prevalent of these are computer mice , which went from only having two buttons for left and right clicks to having additional buttons on
798-548: Is sometimes indicated by a caret character (^). Thus Ctrl-C is sometimes written as ^C. At times, usually on Unix platforms, the case of the second character is significant – if the character would normally require pressing the Shift key to type, then the Shift key is part of the shortcut e.g. '^C' vs. '^c' or '^%' vs. '^5'. ^% may also be written " Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + 5 ". Some keyboard shortcuts, including all shortcuts involving
840-619: Is that the keyboard shortcuts are not localized on multi-language software but the mnemonics are generally localized to reflect the symbols and letters used in the specific locale. In most GUIs , a program's keyboard shortcuts are discoverable by browsing the program's menus – the shortcut is indicated next to the menu choice. There are keyboards that have the shortcuts for a particular application already marked on them. These keyboards are often used for editing video, audio, or graphics, as well as in software training courses. There are also stickers with shortcuts printed on them that can be applied to
882-468: The Esc key, require keys (or sets of keys) to be pressed individually, in sequence. These shortcuts are sometimes written with the individual keys (or sets) separated by commas or semicolons. The Emacs text editor uses many such shortcuts, using a designated set of "prefix keys" such as Ctrl + C or Ctrl + X . Default Emacs keybindings include Ctrl + X Ctrl + S to save
SECTION 20
#1732884663213924-603: The Federal Republic of Germany . Maestro was arguably the world leader in this field during the 1970s and 1980s. Today one of the last Maestro I can be found in the Museum of Information Technology at Arlington in Texas. One of the first IDEs with a plug-in concept was Softbench . In 1995 Computerwoche commented that the use of an IDE was not well received by developers since it would fence in their creativity. As of August 2023 ,
966-511: The Lego Mindstorms system and is being actively perused by a number of companies wishing to capitalize on the power of custom browsers like those found at Mozilla . KTechlab supports flowcode and is a popular open-source IDE and Simulator for developing software for microcontrollers. Visual programming is also responsible for the power of distributed programming (cf. LabVIEW and EICASLAB software). An early visual programming system, Max ,
1008-569: The modifier key (s), then quickly presses and releases the regular (non-modifier) key, and finally releases the modifier key(s). This distinction is important, as trying to press all the keys simultaneously will frequently either miss some of the modifier keys, or cause unwanted auto-repeat. Sequential shortcuts usually involve pressing and releasing a dedicated prefix key, such as the Esc key , followed by one or more keystrokes. Mnemonics are distinguishable from keyboard shortcuts. One difference between them
1050-439: The programming paradigms of the language. However, there are many multiple-language IDEs. While most modern IDEs are graphical, text-based IDEs such as Turbo Pascal were in popular use before the availability of windowing systems like Microsoft Windows and the X Window System (X11). They commonly use function keys or hotkeys to execute frequently used commands or macros. IDEs initially became possible when developing via
1092-501: The Apple Macintosh's classic Mac OS and macOS , dating back to Macintosh Programmer's Workshop , Turbo Pascal , THINK Pascal and THINK C environments of the mid-1980s. Currently macOS programmers can choose between native IDEs like Xcode and open-source tools such as Eclipse and Netbeans . ActiveState Komodo is a proprietary multilanguage IDE supported on macOS. An online integrated development environment , also known as
1134-450: The IDE is to reduce the configuration necessary to piece together multiple development utilities. Instead, it provides the same set of capabilities as one cohesive unit. Reducing setup time can increase developer productivity, especially in cases where learning to use the IDE is faster than manually integrating and learning all of the individual tools. Tighter integration of all development tasks has
1176-448: The ability to change the default bindings and add custom ones can be limited, possibly even requiring a separate or third-party utility to perform the task, sometimes with workarounds like key remapping. In macOS, user can customize app shortcuts ("Key equivalents") in system settings, and customize text editing shortcuts by creating and editing related configuration files. Other systems, typically Unix and related, consider shortcuts to be
1218-556: The around the side, top, and back of the mice (2-4 for common usage and up to 12 extra programmable buttons for certain types of gaming uses). As Internet of things (IoT) devices continue to proliferate, shortcuts are appearing in many other device types such as electronic keyboards , home automation devices, wearable technology , and more. Human-computer interaction experts also continue to design new types of shortcuts altogether, such as gestures on touchscreens and touchless interfaces. Keyboard shortcuts are typically
1260-456: The connotation that the shortcuts are customizable to a user's preference and that program functions may be 'bound' to a different set of keystrokes instead of or in addition to the default. This highlights a difference in philosophy regarding shortcuts. Some systems, typically end-user -oriented systems such as Mac OS or Windows , consider standardized shortcuts essential to the environment's ease of use. In these commercial proprietary systems,
1302-426: The early Macintosh user interface, where if a program did not include the function normally carried out by one of the standard keystrokes, guidelines stated that it should not redefine the key to do something else as it would potentially confuse users. The simplest keyboard shortcuts consist of only one key. For these, one generally just writes out the name of the key, as in the message "Press F1 for Help". The name of
IDLE - Misplaced Pages Continue
1344-412: The flexibility of a full programming language, without the traditional learning curve associated with one. Some IDEs support multiple languages, such as GNU Emacs , IntelliJ IDEA , Eclipse , MyEclipse , NetBeans , MonoDevelop , JDoodle or PlayCode. Support for alternative languages is often provided by plugins , allowing them to be installed on the same IDE at the same time. For example, Flycheck
1386-427: The key is sometimes surrounded in brackets or similar characters. For example: [F1] or <F1>. The key name may also be set off using special formatting (bold, italic, all caps , etc.) Many shortcuts require two or more keys to be pressed simultaneously. For these, the usual notation is to list the keys names separated by plus signs or hyphens. For example: "Ctrl+C", "Ctrl-C", or " Ctrl + C ". The Ctrl key
1428-510: The menu-driven, graphical IDEs popular after the advent of the Graphical User Interface . However it integrated editing, file management, compilation, debugging and execution in a manner consistent with a modern IDE. Maestro I is a product from Softlab Munich and was the world's first integrated development environment for software. Maestro I was installed for 22,000 programmers worldwide. Until 1989, 6,000 installations existed in
1470-450: The most commonly searched for IDEs on Google Search were Visual Studio , Visual Studio Code , and Eclipse . The IDE editor usually provides syntax highlighting , it can show both the structures, the language keywords and the syntax errors with visually distinct colors and font effects. Code completion is an important IDE feature, intended to speed up programming. Modern IDEs even have intelligent code completion . Code completion
1512-470: The name IDLE was probably also chosen partly to honor Eric Idle , one of Monty Python's founding members. Integrated development environment An integrated development environment ( IDE ) is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities for software development . An IDE normally consists of at least a source-code editor , build automation tools, and a debugger . Some IDEs, such as IntelliJ IDEA , Eclipse and Lazarus contain
1554-426: The necessary compiler , interpreter or both; others, such as SharpDevelop and NetBeans , do not. The boundary between an IDE and other parts of the broader software development environment is not well-defined; sometimes a version control system or various tools to simplify the construction of a graphical user interface (GUI) are integrated. Many modern IDEs also have a class browser , an object browser , and
1596-477: The new environment's shortcuts to be similar to another environment with which they are more familiar. More advanced users may customize key bindings to better suit their workflow , adding shortcuts for their commonly used actions and possibly deleting or replacing bindings for less-used functions. Hardcore gamers often customize their key bindings in order to increase performance via faster reaction times. The original Macintosh User Interface Guidelines defined
1638-409: The potential to improve overall productivity beyond just helping with setup tasks. For example, code can be continuously parsed while it is being edited, providing instant feedback when syntax errors are introduced, thus allowing developers to debug code much faster and more easily with an IDE. Some IDEs are dedicated to a specific programming language , allowing a feature set that most closely matches
1680-610: The standard Unix and GNU build tools, building an IDE with programs like Emacs or Vim . Data Display Debugger is intended to be an advanced graphical front-end for many text-based debugger standard tools. Some programmers prefer managing makefiles and their derivatives to the similar code building tools included in a full IDE. For example, most contributors to the PostgreSQL database use make and GDB directly to develop new features. Even when building PostgreSQL for Microsoft Windows using Visual C++ , Perl scripts are used as
1722-473: The user to press and hold several keys simultaneously or a sequence of keys one after the other. Unmodified key presses are sometimes accepted when the keyboard is not used for general input - such as with graphics packages e.g. Adobe Photoshop or IBM Lotus Freelance Graphics . Other keyboard shortcuts use function keys that are dedicated for use in shortcuts and may only require a single keypress. For simultaneous keyboard shortcuts, one usually first holds down
IDLE - Misplaced Pages Continue
1764-466: Was modeled after an analog synthesizer design and has been used to develop real-time music performance software since the 1980s. Another early example was Prograph , a dataflow -based system originally developed for the Macintosh . The graphical programming environment "Grape" is used to program qfix robot kits . This approach is also used in specialist software such as Openlab, where the end-users want
#212787