95-618: The Rochester Technology Campus is a facility shared by several companies in Rochester, Minnesota . The initial structure was designed by Eero Saarinen , who clad the structure in blue panels of varying hues after being inspired by the Minnesota sky and the nickname of the first occupant, Big Blue . IBM's CEO Thomas J. Watson Jr. reportedly chose the site of Rochester in honor of his copilot during World War II , Leland Fiegel, who lived there. Groundbreaking took place on July 31, 1956. When it
190-562: A tornado struck Rochester, causing at least 37 deaths and over 200 injuries. One-third of the town was destroyed, but the Mayo family escaped serious harm. Relief efforts began immediately in a variety of makeshift facilities. Mayo was placed in charge of organizing medical care for the wounded survivors. Needing nurses, he reached out to Mother Alfred Moes , the founder of the Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota (a teaching order). After
285-557: A bill known as Destination Medical Center (DMC). It intends to increase Minnesota's tax base, and promote business and economic growth throughout the state. Because of this legislation, The Mayo Clinic will invest in $ 3.5 billion to upgrade patient rooms, add additional workspace, and build research and administrative buildings. The main developments of this plan will be in the DMC sub-districts. The Downtown Waterfront district will cover The Government Center, The Civic Center, and most areas near
380-793: A clinic starting in 2019. Mayo Clinic is led by president and CEO Gianrico Farrugia, M.D. John H. Noseworthy , M.D., retired as president and CEO in December 2018; his predecessor, Denis A. Cortese, M.D., retired in November 2009. Michael Powell , former chair of the Federal Communications Commission , is chair of Mayo's governing board of trustees. In 2022, more than 1.3 million different patients from all 50 states and 138 countries were seen at Mayo Clinic facilities. Mayo Clinic researchers contribute to understanding disease processes, best clinical practices, and translating findings from
475-739: A donation of 400 acres of land in Jacksonville from the Davis family. This was followed by expansion to Scottsdale, Arizona, in 1987; the Phoenix, Arizona, campus opened in 1998. In 1992, Mayo Clinic Health System began as a network of community-based medical services in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. In 2011, Mayo Clinic launched the Mayo Clinic Care Network, a collection of facilities with access to Mayo Clinic protocols and experts. In November 2019,
570-503: A federally sponsored Expanded Access Program for Convalescent Plasma to treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States. In 2018, Mayo Clinic and UCLA used spinal cord stimulation and physical therapy that allowed a man paralyzed since 2013 to briefly regain his ability to stand and walk with assistance. The patient was able to walk 111 yards for a total of 16 minutes when given artificial electrical stimulation, although he
665-550: A general warming trend during the spring and a general cooling trend during the fall. However, it is not uncommon to see some snowfall during the early month of spring and the later month of fall. Rochester is the second windiest city in the United States , with wind speeds averaging 12.6 mph (20.3 km/h). January to April are the windiest months on average, according to The Weather Channel. Rochester has been hit by two F4 tornadoes since 1950 (the first on May 10, 1953, and
760-684: A log cabin named Head's Tavern in 1854 and named the city after his hometown of Rochester, New York . When the Winona and St Peter Railroad initiated service in October 1864, it brought new residents and business opportunities and spurred growth. In 1863, William W. Mayo arrived as the examining surgeon for Union draftees in the Civil War . On August 21, 1883, the Great Tornado demolished much of Rochester, leaving 37 dead and approximately 200 injured. As there
855-971: A more healthful climate. The family relocated within Minnesota several times until Mayo's appointment as an examining surgeon for the Union Army military draft board during the American Civil War brought them to Rochester. On January 27, 1864, Mayo advertised in the Rochester City Post the opening of a private medical practice "over the Union Drug Store on Third Street" with "all calls answered by day or night". Both of W. W. Mayo's sons, William James Mayo (1861–1939) and Charles Horace Mayo (1865–1939), who became known as Dr. Will and Dr. Charlie, grew up in Rochester and attended medical school. William graduated in 1883 and joined his father's practice, with Charles joining in 1888. On August 21, 1883,
950-585: A new president or CEO is named every seven to ten years. By 2018, Mayo Clinic doctors saw approximately 1.3 million patients annually. In May 2023, Mayo Clinic lobbied against two statewide health care bills, the Keeping Nurses at the Bedside Act (KNABA) and the Health Care Affordability Board, threatening to pull over 4 billion dollars in investments into new facilities and infrastructure in
1045-659: A number of private courses are located in the Rochester area, including Willow Creek Golf Club, Oak Summit Golf Club, and the Rochester Golf and Country Club along with a number of courses in smaller surrounding communities. The city of Rochester has also started the bike share program for its community members where the registered members and visitors can rent a bike for free through one of its bike share locations at Rochester Public Library , Peace Plaza or Rochester City Hall. The foundation of Rochester State Hospital began in 1875 as
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#17330860204041140-608: A number of street musicians sitting on walls or standing on the sidewalks. The oldest cultural arts institution in the community, Rochester Symphony Orchestra & Chorale was founded in 1919 as a professional performing arts organization called the Rochester Orchestra. Its earliest ensemble, the Lawler-Dodge Orchestra, was founded in 1912 as a volunteer orchestra, driven by Daisy Plummer, wife of Mayo Clinic physician, Dr. Henry Plummer , and directed by Harold Cooke. In
1235-433: A position at or near the top for more than 35 years. It has been on the list of " 100 Best Companies to Work For " published by Fortune magazine for fourteen consecutive years and has continued to achieve this ranking through 2017. Drawing in patients from around the globe, Mayo Clinic performs near the highest number of transplants in the country, including both solid organ and hematologic transplantation. Mayo Clinic
1330-513: A rapid DNA test in 2001 to detect anthrax in humans and in the environment. The Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation , was established in 2008 and has since worked on over 270 projects. In 2013, Mayo Clinic specialists in regenerative medicine began the "first-in-human study," whereby patient cells are used to attempt to heal heart damage. After several years of using Apple Inc.'s Macintosh computers and mobile devices for patient care and test results, Mayo partnered with Apple in 2014 to develop
1425-485: A seven-member elected county board, each representing district residents. The County Board of Commissioners oversee county operations and address citizen concerns. When a commissioner is elected, they are elected to serve a 4-year term. When that term ends, the commissioner can run for re-election if they so desire. The County Attorney and the County Sheriff are also elected to 4-year terms and can run for re-election when
1520-524: A shuttle service connecting to the Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport by Rochester Shuttle Service and Groome Transportation (formerly Go Rochester Direct). Rochester's last passenger rail service, to Chicago to the southeast and Rapid City, South Dakota to the west, ended when the Chicago and North Western Railway 's Rochester 400 streamliner ended service in 1963. The closest Amtrak station
1615-475: A solution for dying pilots after suffering blackouts. Mayo Clinic hired a team of physicians to research and define the specific physiologic effects causing blackout and unconsciousness during high G forces. Physiologists Earl H. Wood , Edward Baldes, Charles Code, and Edward H. Lambert developed the G-suit with air bladders that prevented blood from pooling in pilots' legs. The suit was worn by U.S. pilots toward
1710-464: A technique of using frozen tissue during surgery to determine if a patient had cancer while the patient was still in the operating room. Mayo Clinic offered the first graduate medical education program in 1915 and the first nonprofit practice aligned with medical education and research. In the 1920s, Albert Compton Broders of the Mayo Clinic created the first index to grade tumors. Mayo Clinic opened
1805-505: A virtual duopoly. The stations share studios as part of a special agreement between Gray Television and SagamoreHill Broadcasting . ABC affiliate KAAL (channel 6) and CBS affiliate KIMT (channel 3) are also based in Rochester. Channel 15 KSMQ ( PBS ) in Austin and channel 24 KYIN ( PBS ) in Mason City are among the stations that serve the market. KAAL is licensed to Austin and KIMT
1900-418: Is Kim Norton . As of January 2021, the city council comprises: Brooke Carlson, City Council President; Patrick Keane, 1st Ward; Mark Bransford, 2nd Ward; Nick Campion, 3rd Ward; Kelly Rae Kirkpatrick, 4th Ward; Shaun Palmer, 5th Ward; and Molly Dennis, 6th Ward. All municipal elected offices in Rochester are non-partisan, as stated in the city's charter . Rochester is the seat of Olmsted County , run by
1995-561: Is a nonprofit hospital system with campuses in Rochester, Minnesota ; Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona ; and Jacksonville, Florida . Mayo Clinic employs 76,000 people, including more than 7,300 physicians and clinical residents and over 66,000 allied health staff, as of 2022. In addition, Mayo Clinic partially owns and operates the Mayo Clinic Health System, which consists of more than 70 hospitals and clinics across Minnesota , Iowa , and Wisconsin . Mayo Clinic also operates
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#17330860204042090-399: Is at Winona, Minnesota , 45 miles (72 km) to the east. Travelers are able to purchase tickets from Amtrak for a shuttle bus that connects with the daily Empire Builder at La Crosse, Wisconsin . Rochester is planning a 2.6 mi (4.2 km) bus rapid transit line known as Link . The route will have seven stations along 2nd Street SW and is expected to open in 2025. It will be
2185-674: Is currently separate from the Crenlo Cab Manufacturing line of products, as EMCORE was sold in 2021. Rochester, Minnesota Rochester is a city in and the county seat of Olmsted County, Minnesota , United States. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River 's south fork in Southeast Minnesota . At the 2020 census , the city had a population of 121,395, making it Minnesota's third-most populous city . The Rochester metropolitan area , which also includes
2280-449: Is divided into three public high school attendance zones: John Marshall , Mayo and Century . Private schools in the city include Lourdes , Schaeffer Academy, and Rochester Central Lutheran School amongst various smaller private religious schools. Studio Academy, a fine arts-focused charter school operated for 10 years in Rochester and closed its doors in 2011 upon losing its charter. The Rochester STEM Academy opened in 2011, occupying
2375-527: Is due both to the lack of glacial deposits, or drift, and to the incision of the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries into bedrock. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 54.75 square miles (141.80 km ), of which 54.59 square miles (141.39 km ) of it is land and 0.16 square miles (0.41 km ) is water. The city is located 85 miles (137 km) southeast of Minneapolis–Saint Paul . Rochester
2470-572: Is home to the top-15 ranked Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in addition to many of the highest regarded residency education programs in the United States. It spends over $ 660 million a year on research and has more than 3,000 full-time research personnel. William Worrall Mayo settled his family in Rochester in 1864 and opened a sole proprietorship medical practice that evolved under his sons, Will and Charlie Mayo , along with practice partners Stinchfield , Graham, Plummer , Millet, Judd, and Balfour , into Mayo Clinic. Today, in addition to
2565-542: Is in Olmsted County , one of only four counties in Minnesota without a natural lake. Artificial lakes exist in the area, including Silver Lake , a dammed portion of the South Fork Zumbro River just below the convergence with Silver Creek near the city center. Silver Lake was once used as a cooling pond when the coal-burning power plant was operated by Rochester Public Utilities at the lake. When operational,
2660-431: Is known as Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome in 1956. In 1972, the clustering of LEMS with other autoimmune diseases led to the hypothesis that it was caused by autoimmunity. In 1969, Mayo Clinic doctors performed the first Food and Drug Administration -approved hip replacement in the United States. In 1973, Mayo Clinic bought the first CT scanner in the U.S. Mayo Clinic and Roche Molecular Biochemicals developed
2755-420: Is licensed to Mason City, but have a studios in Rochester. KIMT opened a studio in Rochester in late 2017, which now serves as the main setting for their newscasts. The Rochester area is provided cable service by Charter Communications , which holds a monopoly in the area. Indiana-based Metronet is currently in the process of developing the fiber-optic network to provide cable service to Rochester. Rochester
2850-410: Is over twice what it was in the 1950s. On May 4, 2016, it was announced that IBM would consolidate its remaining employees into the eight buildings on the east side of the complex and sell the remaining facilitates to a separate entity. This occurred after years of IBM renting out its various facilities to companies it had spun or sold off such as HGST . The site's employee count (excluding contractors)
2945-468: Is represented by Duane Quam (R) , District 25B is represented by Andy Smith ( DFL ), District 26A is represented by Tina Liebling (DFL), and District 26B is represented by Nels Pierson (R). In the Minnesota Senate , Rochester is represented by Liz Boldon ( DFL ) and Carla Nelson , (R) . Rochester is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district , represented by Brad Finstad , a member of
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3040-504: Is ringed by gentle hills and largely surrounded by farmland within a deciduous forest biome . The Zumbro Watershed flows through 1,422 square miles (3,680 km ) of agricultural and urban lands. Located in southeast Minnesota, the City of Rochester lies at the western edge of the Driftless Area , a region that was never glaciated and contains deeply-carved river valleys. The rugged terrain
3135-571: Is served by three U.S. highways ( U.S. 14 , U.S. 52 , and U.S. 63 ), and the southern edge of Rochester is skirted by Interstate 90 and State Highway 30 . Olmsted County Highway 22 is also a main highway in the city. A combination of skyways and subterranean walkways link most downtown buildings, which residents often use to avoid harsh winter weather conditions. Public bus transit is run by Rochester Public Transit . Its operations are carried out by First Transit . The City of Rochester encourages biking through its numerous trails and to facilitate
3230-481: Is the center stone of the Quarry Hill Park in Rochester. The Nature Center opened in 1973, and was expanded in 1990. In 2017, the facility added additional nordic skiing . These facilities include modern educational facilities, and a 19th-century prairie style home where skis and snow shoes could be rented. Rochester is governed by a mayor-council government with a seven-member city council . The current mayor
3325-498: The Star Tribune . Mayo Clinic has adopted more than 15,000 mobile devices from Apple for patient care, including the iPad , iPad Mini , and iPhone . Mayo Clinic then created an app for these devices called Synthesis Mobile, which integrated hundreds of their health systems. More apps were created for Mayo Clinic Care Network members to help patients see their medical records or ask clinicians for assistance. In 2014, Mayo Clinic
3420-601: The Mayo Building (Rochester, Minnesota) (construction completed in 1955), Guggenheim Building (1974), Gonda Building (2001), Opus Imaging Research Building (2007) and a recent addition in 2019 – Discovery Square building. Mayo Clinic's humanities program was founded on the belief that the arts and healing are linked. Over the decades, Mayo Clinic has established an extensive art collection , including these works on display across all campuses: The first medical, educational programs at Mayo Clinic were developed in 1915 with
3515-578: The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , a nonprofit college dedicated to training medical and allied health professionals at Mayo Hospitals in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida. The clinic created an independent business subsidiary in London in partnership with Oxford University Clinic, a collaboration between the University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust to operate
3610-574: The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , which is divided into five schools. Those schools include Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. In 2011, the foundation that oversees the Mayo Clinic went before the Supreme Court to argue that medical residents should remain exempt from Social Security deductions. In Mayo Foundation v. United States ,
3705-475: The Rochester Federal Medical Center , are significant employers. The Rochester Technology Campus is a sprawling 2.56 million sq. ft. leasable facility with uses ranging from office space, manufacturing, warehousing, data centers, and laboratories. It has been home to several technology companies. This is where IBM designed and produced its midrange computer series. It was also the home of
3800-624: The Summit and Sierra supercomputers. RS/6000 , now System p , and hard disk development occurred here. The AS/400 division at the plant received the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in 1990. In November 2004, the facility claimed the top spot in the TOP500 list of fast supercomputers with a prototype Blue Gene/L system containing 32,768 processors . It was clocked at 70.72 teraflops . The manufacturing output of
3895-536: The UHI as the Twin Cities , the climate is warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) even being further south, with warm summers and cold winters. The city features four distinct seasons. Rochester sees on average 33.02 inches (839 mm) of rainfall and 51.9 inches (132 cm) of snowfall per year. Significant snow accumulation is common during the winter months. Spring and fall are transitional seasons, with
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3990-552: The University of Minnesota Rochester campus. A number of Rochester buildings are on the National Register of Historic Places , including the historic Chateau Theatre , which the city purchased in 2015 for preservation, and Avalon Music , formerly a hotel important in the local civil rights movement . In 2019, after renovations and a public RFP, the Chateau Theatre has re-opened as an exhibition venue. Founded in 1946,
4085-532: The Zumbro River . The Central Station district includes Central Park and most of Civic Center Drive, aimed to become a transportation hub of the city. St. Marys Place will cover St. Marys hospital and St. Marys Park, as well as most of 2nd Street. The Heart of the City will feature the Mayo Clinic campus and major residential, commercial, and retail companies. The Discovery Square area will include scientific and technology research facilities. Lastly, The UMR and Recreation district will feature Soldiers Field and
4180-624: The 2005–2007 American Community Survey found German Americans to be the largest single ethnic group in Rochester, making up 35.5% of the city's population. Norwegian Americans made up 15.9%, while Irish Americans contributed to 11.6% of the city's populace. English Americans made up 8.2% of the population and Swedish Americans were 5.0% of the city's population. In the mid-1980's Rochester had fewer than 40 Hmong persons. The 1990 United States Census counted 200 Hmong persons in Rochester. This increased to 300 by 1998. Cathleen Jo Faruque, author of "Migration of Hmong to Rochester, Minnesota: Life in
4275-688: The Apple Health and HealthKit apps as a central location for personal health information. Mayo Clinic and Delos Living launched the Well Living Lab in September 2015. This research facility is designed to simulate real-world, non-hospital environments, allowing Mayo Clinic researchers to study the interaction between indoor spaces and human health. Mayo Clinic's Advanced Care at Home Model of Care launched in 2020 and assists patients in their own homes through virtual care. In 2020, Mayo Clinic began running
4370-603: The IBM building in Atlanta, Georgia . Hitachi Global Storage Technologies , although having been spun off from IBM Storage Technology, remains on-site, leasing otherwise unused space from IBM. Along with the Mayo Clinic , the IBM plant is one of the biggest employers in the Rochester area, reportedly numbering around 5,000 in 2002. In 2019, Crenlo LLC rented part of the IBM facility to move part of its EMCORE manufacturing division, where it
4465-883: The Mayo Clinic Rochester campus unless the Affordability Board bill was scrapped and the KNABA was amended to exempt Mayo Clinic from any staffing mandates. The KNABA required hospitals to create committees that allowed nurses and other staff to evaluate staffing workloads in order to address a so-called "care crisis" and a shortage in hospital staff. The Health Care Affordability Board would allow hospitals, doctors, and insurers to be fined for failing to lower costs or allowing costs to run out of control. The Minnesota Nurses Association spoke out against Mayo's demands, characterizing them as "unethical" and "attempt(s) to override democracy". These lobbying attempts were successful, with
4560-521: The Mayo Clinic, in a joint partnership with SEHA Abu Dhabi Health Services Co , invested $ 50 million into a 741-bed hospital in the United Arab Emirates for a 25% stake. At the beginning of 2020, the Mayo Clinic opened a health clinic in central London , in partnership with Oxford University Clinic. It was officially named Mayo Clinic Healthcare. In July 2020 it was reported that the Mayo Clinic had bought Oxford University Clinic's share of
4655-513: The Midwest," wrote in 2003 that there was "every indication that this trend will continue". There were 43,025 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.6% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who
4750-470: The Minnesota Inebriate Asylum funded by a tax on liquor dealers. Land was purchased in 1876 and construction began in 1877, including the building of a hospital and the park nearby which was used by the patients and their families. In 1965, the park was transferred from the hospital to the state for the use of general public and since then there have been various developments in the park including
4845-460: The RPU coal plant's heated water output prevented the lake from generally freezing over during the winter months, attracting large numbers of migrating giant Canada geese . Large murders of crows are known to flock to Rochester during winter, including the Rochester cemetery downtown. Rochester has an extensive parks system, the largest of which are Silver Lake and Soldiers Field in the central part of
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#17330860204044940-558: The Republican Party. Rochester continues to trend Democratic in local and federal elections which has resulted in Olmsted County also seeing a shifting electorate. In the 2020 presidential election President Joe Biden obtained nearly 60% of the vote in the city, the highest vote total for a Democratic candidate in history. Rochester Public Schools enroll 16,300 students in 23 public primary and secondary schools. The city
5035-633: The Rochester Art Center is located downtown, just south of the Mayo Civic Center. In 2017, the Rochester Art Center's financial troubles brought a renewed focus on the need for both formal and informal arts spaces in the city. In the summer from June to the end of August, every Thursday the city puts on Thursdays Downtown where local restaurants and artists can set up booths all along First Avenue downtown Rochester. There are two stages where bands perform and provide entertainment. There are also
5130-751: The United States Census Bureau 2011–2015, the number of high school graduates or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+ was 94.1%. The number of bachelor's degree or higher percent of persons age 25+ was 41.3%. The city newspaper is the Post-Bulletin , an afternoon paper which publishes Monday through Saturday. The Post-Bulletin company also publishes Rochester Magazine , a monthly features periodical. There are four television stations based in Rochester: KTTC channel 10.1 ( NBC ), KTTC -( CW ) channel 10.2, and KXLT-TV channel 47 ( Fox ) are
5225-541: The adrenal cortex that produced cortisone and hydrocortisone . Later in the decade, Mayo Clinic began using and refining the Gibbon heart–lung machine in cardiac surgery. It is now known as the Mayo–Gibbon heart–lung machine. Mayo Clinic associates Edward Howard Lambert, Lealdes (Lee) McKendree Eaton, and Edward Douglas Rooke were the first physicians to substantially describe the clinic and electrophysiological findings of what
5320-520: The assistance of the University of Minnesota . Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education and the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research were established in 1915. MFMER was established as a department of the University of Minnesota with a $ 1.5 million donation to offer graduate programs at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester. The Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education is part of
5415-551: The biking program all the city buses have bike carriers for easy transportation of bikes. Rochester International Airport is located seven miles (11 km) south of downtown. The airport is the second busiest commercial airport in Minnesota. It has direct flights to Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, and Minneapolis, with occasional charter flights servicing Riverside Resort in Laughlin , Nevada . Nonstop flights to Phoenix and Fort Myers were scheduled to begin in early 2022. Rochester has
5510-497: The city. A major flood in 1978 led the city to embark on an expensive and successful flood-control project that involved altering many nearby rivers and streams. The Zumbro River flowing through the center of the city is presently being readdressed for increased development and use as part of city planning in conjunction with funding from the Destination Medical Center project. With a slightly higher altitude and without
5605-488: The court sided with the Social Security Administration and required FICA to be deducted going forward. Mayo Clinic rules mandate that its CEOs must be physicians and come from within Mayo Clinic. John H. Noseworthy, M.D., served as president and CEO from 2009 to 2019. Under his leadership, Mayo Clinic was reorganized into a single operating company with a unified strategy and business plan, which helped
5700-462: The crisis subsided, Mother Alfred approached W. W. Mayo with a proposal: The Sisters of St. Francis would raise funds to build a hospital in Rochester if he and his sons provided medical and surgical care. The agreement was made over a handshake. On September 30, 1889, Saint Mary's Hospital was opened by the Sisters with the three Mayo physicians on staff. The growing specialization of medicine and
5795-475: The deaths of the Mayo brothers, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and the victims of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The 1914 "red brick" building, a National Historic Landmark, was demolished by Mayo Clinic in the 1980s to make way for the Siebens Building (completed in 1989). Mayo Clinic's campus has undergone expansion over the years. Other notable Mayo Clinic buildings include
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#17330860204045890-467: The early physicians who joined the practice was Henry Stanley Plummer, M.D. A specialist in thyroid disease, he made contributions to the treatment of goiter. In terms of organizational development, he collaborated with the Mayo brothers in coordinating the introduction of specialties that expanded the scope of the Mayo practice beyond its origins in surgery. A polymath whose interests included architecture, engineering, and art, Plummer also created many of
5985-1037: The early years, the Orchestra appeared in the former Chateau Theatre where they performed background music for silent movies. The Gray Duck Theater, an independent movie theater , opened in 2019. Rochester also houses the Rochester Public Library near the Civic Center. It is one of the largest libraries in the area and has been awarded the National Medal for Museum and Library Service in 2018. Rochester's city park system has more than 100 sites covering 5 square miles (13 km ), including parks located along Bear Creek and South Fork Zumbro rivers. The city also maintains 85 miles (137 km) of paved trails. The city also maintains four public golf courses: Northern Hills, Eastwood Golf Club, Hadley Creek, and Soldiers Field Golf Course located downtown. In addition,
6080-538: The end of World War II. Two Mayo Clinic physicians were among three people awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1950 for the discovery of cortisone . Professor Edward C. Kendall , Ph.D., and Philip S. Hench of Mayo Clinic were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine alongside Tadeus Reichstein , a Swiss chemist who conducted independent research, for the discovery. They separated and identified compounds from
6175-578: The expanding use of railroads, automobiles, and mass communications provided context for the development of integrated multi-specialty practice. Starting in the 1890s, the Mayo brothers welcomed other physicians to join them. W. W. Mayo's solo practice had evolved into a family practice with his sons' participation which then became a group practice with other medical colleagues. Mayo Clinic's first partners were physicians Augustus W. Stinchfield , Christopher Graham, Melvin C. Millet, Henry Plummer, E. Star Judd, and Donald Balfour. Preeminent among
6270-677: The facility, to become the sole owner and its first overseas clinic operated as a Mayo Clinic entity. In the early 20th century, Henry Plummer developed Mayo Clinic's multi-specialty group practice model and an integrated medical record system. Plummer's system allowed physicians to share patient information better. Before Plummer's system, physicians worked solo. They shared patient information when necessary, either verbally or by letter. Plummer also helped design and fabricate building systems innovations, such as steam sterilization rooms, metal surgical tools and equipment, pneumatic tube systems, and knee operated sinks. In 1905, Mayo Clinic advanced
6365-514: The first Blue Gene prototype and contributed the servers for Roadrunner . The economy of Rochester is also influenced by the agricultural nature of the region. There are multiple dairy producers that are active in the area. In addition, Kerry Flavours and Ingredients, a subsidiary of the global Irish company called Kerry Group , maintains a production plant in Rochester that specializes in fermented ingredients, found in breads, meats and other processed foods. In 2013, Governor Mark Dayton signed
6460-622: The first bus rapid transit line in Minnesota outside the Twin Cities . Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic ( / ˈ m eɪ j oʊ / ) is a private American academic medical center focused on integrated healthcare , education , and research . It maintains three major campuses in Rochester, Minnesota ; Jacksonville, Florida ; and Phoenix / Scottsdale, Arizona . Mayo Clinic employs over 7,300 physicians and scientists , along with another 66,000 administrative and allied health staff. The practice specializes in treating difficult cases through tertiary care and destination medicine . It
6555-474: The first hospital-based blood bank in Rochester in 1935. Early in Mayo Clinic's history, the hospital designed the one-legged mobile instrument stand known as the Mayo stand. In the 1930s, Mayo Clinic associates Walter M. Boothby, Randolph Lovelace, and Arthur H. Bulbulian developed a high-altitude oxygen therapy mask known as the BLB flight mask. During World War II , the U.S. Army tasked Mayo Clinic with finding
6650-398: The former Studio Academy building. Higher education in Rochester had been concentrated around the former University Center Rochester in the city's southeast outskirts, where Rochester Community and Technical College shares a campus with a branch of Winona State University . The University of Minnesota offered degrees through UCR until 2007, when the University of Minnesota Rochester
6745-514: The hospital at Rochester , Mayo Clinic has major campuses in Arizona and Florida . Most recently, in 2020, the Mayo Clinic bought a facility in central London , UK. The Mayo Clinic Health System also operates affiliated facilities throughout Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Iowa . Mayo Clinic has been ranked number one in the United States for seven consecutive years in U.S. News & World Report 's Best Hospitals Honor Roll, maintaining
6840-548: The laboratory to clinical practice. As of 2022, research personnel included about 5,500 physicians and scientists. Mayo Clinic's 2022 research funding exceeded $ 1 billion. These research initiatives led to 9,275 research publications and review articles in peer-reviewed journals. The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science (MCCMS), established in 1915, offers educational programs embedded in Mayo Clinic's clinical practice and biomedical research activities. MCCMS consists of five accredited schools: Mayo Clinic originated with
6935-426: The laying of paved trails. The 329-acre (133 ha) park contains over 8 mi (13 km) of paved and hiking trails, a pond, and a historical sandstone cave carved in 1882. This soft St. Peter sand stone cave was dug in the late 1800's to store food for the patients of the state hospital. The cave was later abandoned with the invention of modern refrigerators, and is now a historic site. Quarry Hill Nature Center
7030-448: The mandated nurse staffing levels scrapped, and the Health Care Affordability Board legislation being changed from a board empowered to levy fines to a bill that "requires state health officials to review health care cost growth but gives them no authority to set targets". Minnesota state senator Erin Murphy called Mayo's efforts to gut the bill "corporate hijacking" in an op-ed published in
7125-425: The median household income was $ 68,023. Mayo Clinic forms the core of Rochester's economy. As of 2016, it employs 51,000 people and draws more than 2 million visitors annually. The clinic's many facilities, along with hotels, restaurants and retail stores, comprise nearly all of the city's downtown. Excluding the state government, Mayo Clinic is the largest employer in Minnesota. Other care providers, including
7220-500: The medical practice of William Worrall Mayo , M.D. (1819–1911). Born near Manchester, England , he was mentored by the eminent British scientist John Dalton and immigrated to the United States in 1846. He worked his way west, earning two medical degrees at a time when formal education for physicians was limited. Mayo settled in Indiana, and he married Louise Abigail Wright in 1851. They moved to Minnesota Territory in 1854, seeking
7315-484: The nearby rural agricultural areas, had a population of 226,329 in 2020. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic . Several indigenous peoples such as Dakota , Ojibway , and Winnebago inhabited the Rochester area. The area developed as a stagecoach stop between Saint Paul , Minnesota , and Dubuque , Iowa near the Zumbro River. The community was founded by George Head and his wife Henrietta who built
7410-484: The other on September 16, 1962). The city has also been hit by two tornadoes in the past decade. On June 17, 2010, a tornado hit the city's northwest side, damaging or destroying several homes and businesses around the Lincolnshire neighborhood. Another tornado struck the city on June 4, 2019, causing damage to parts of Southwest Rochester. As of the census of 2020 , the population was 121,395. The population density
7505-461: The private partnership into a not-for-profit organization. Following World War II, Mayo Clinic continued to expand in Rochester, Minnesota. In 1972, the Mayo Medical School (now Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine ) opened. In 1986, Mayo Clinic formally united with Saint Marys Hospital and Rochester Methodist Hospital. That same year, Mayo Clinic expanded to Florida partly because of
7600-465: The site is so great that if it was a separate company, it would be the world's third-largest computer producer. The plant, which is near U.S. Highway 52 in the northwestern part of Rochester, was recognized in 1990 by the National Building Museum as one of the significant contributions of IBM to the built environment of the United States , along with IBM's New York City headquarters and
7695-567: The system expand. This included the launch of the Destination Medical Center, a 20-year economic growth plan in Rochester. During this time, annual revenue reached nearly $ 12 billion, and Mayo Clinic added 7,200 employees. In 2018, Mayo Clinic announced that Gianrico Farrugia, M.D., a Mayo Clinic physician for more than 30 years, would replace Noseworthy as CEO. Farrugia had served as CEO of Mayo Clinic in Florida since 2015. The replacement adhered to Mayo Clinic's tradition of leadership changes, where
7790-495: The systems and procedures that remain central to Mayo Clinic today, such as the integrated "dossier" medical record. The Mayo brothers both served as president of the American Medical Association and achieved recognition as surgeons. In 1919, the brothers and their wives donated the assets of the medical practice including land, buildings, and equipment, as well as the majority of their life savings, to transform
7885-610: The technology. As the practice grew in the 20th century, it required additional space. Saint Mary's Hospital underwent frequent expansion. Rochester business leader John Kahler built innovative hotel-hospital facilities that served Mayo Clinic patients. In 1914, Mayo Clinic opened the world's first building expressly designed for multispecialty group practice, known as the 1914 "red brick" building. It facilitated ease of movement for patients and staff among specialty areas, brought research and education functions into proximity with clinical practice, and patient amenities. This approach
7980-665: The term expires if they choose. Each of these elected officials acts as the director for his/her office, and are accountable to the residents of Olmsted County. Rochester falls under the Olmsted County District Court within the Third Judicial District of the State of Minnesota. The city includes parts of Minnesota state legislative districts 25 and 26. In the Minnesota House of Representatives , District 25A
8075-446: Was 2,187.5 inhabitants per square mile (844.6/km ). There were 53,210 housing units at an average density of 958.8 per square mile (370.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 73.2% White , 8.9% Black or African American , 7.9% Asian , 0.4% Native American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.9% from other races , and 6.6% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 6.6% Hispanic or Latino of any race. In terms of ancestry,
8170-437: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 35 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.4% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. As of the 2011–2015 American Community Survey,
8265-405: Was developed at the facility in 1973 and the follow-on IBM 5280 Distributed Data System had its beginnings there, but was transferred in 1981 to the Austin, TX facility, where it was released for production. The advent of personal computing swallowed up this type of data entry by 1990. The IBM 5110 personal computer was developed and manufactured in the facility. IBM Rochester was important to
8360-439: Was developing an app for Apple's HealthKit to help users maintain healthy lifestyles and warn of certain health signs that need attention. The Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation was established in 2008. It has since worked on over 270 projects. In March 2018, Mayo Clinic and Mytonomy, a healthcare education system company, partnered to provide video content for cancer patients. In September 2019, Mayo Clinic entered into
8455-559: Was established downtown. Branches of Augsburg University and College of St. Scholastica are also in Rochester, as are branches of Winona State University and St. Mary's University . The Mayo Clinic offers graduate medical education and research programs through the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine , Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , and the Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences . According to
8550-526: Was first completed, there was 576,000 square feet (53,500 m) of floor space. After expansion, it has 3.1 million square feet (290 × 10 ^ m) on the main campus, more than half the size of the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia . The building was first dedicated in 1958, but has been expanded considerably since then. Employment at the site has gone through several cycles of growth and collapse, but
8645-660: Was itself an advancement of the System/38 that was introduced several years earlier with an inbuilt Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) making it leading edge for its time. The AS/400 was later rebranded as the iSeries. Development of the OS/400 operating system, now known as IBM i , continues at Rochester. IBM Power Systems development is here. PureSystems were originally assembled at this site, but are now mainly assembled in New York and Mexico. The IBM 3740 Data Entry System
8740-455: Was no medical facility in the immediate area at the time, Mayo and his two sons worked together to care for the wounded. Donations of US$ 60,000 (US$ 1,932,562 in 2022) were collected and the Sisters of St. Francis , assisted by Mayo, opened a new facility named St. Marys Hospital in 1889. Rochester lies alongside the South Fork of the Zumbro River which is 57.6 miles (92.7 km) long and
8835-525: Was replicated and enhanced with the adjoining 1928 Mayo Clinic building, later named for Plummer, its principal designer, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The General hospital features bronze entry doors designed by artist Charles Brioschi. Each 16-foot high, 5.25-inch thick door weighs 4,000 pounds and features ornamental panels. The doors are closed to memorialize important historical events and influential people, such as
8930-476: Was reported to be 2,740 in 2013 and 2,791 in 2017, a steep decline from the high of over 8,000. In February 2018 the property was sold to Industrial Realty Group of Los Angeles. On April 24, 2018, in a presentation to the local community, it was announced that the site was renamed Rochester Technology Campus. The mile-long facility is best known as the plant that produced the AS/400 computer system. The AS/400 system
9025-407: Was unable to continue that mobility once the artificial stimulation was removed. The results were published in the journal Nature Medicine. As of 2023, Mayo Clinic had treated more than 10,000 patients with proton beam therapy across two of its facilities. According to Post-Bulletin reporting, proton beam therapy is limited in the U.S., with only 2 percent of radiation patients being treated with
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