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71-460: Activities range from river and maritime hydraulics to water resources development, flood risk management and eco-hydraulics, through to ice engineering , hydroinformatics and continuing education and training. IAHR stimulates and promotes both research and its application, and by so doing strives to contribute to sustainable development, the optimisation of world water resources management and industrial flow processes. IAHR accomplishes its goals by

142-446: A canal's full capacity may cause flooding to spread to other waterways and areas of the community, which causes damage. Defenses (both long-term and short-term) can be constructed to minimize damage, which involves raising the edge of the water with levees , embankments or walls. The high population and value of infrastructure at risk often justifies the high cost of mitigation in larger urban areas. The most effective way of reducing

213-637: A 1 in 1000 year flood (light blue) and low-lying areas in need of flood defence (purple). The most sustainable way of reducing risk is to prevent further development in flood-prone areas and old waterways. It is important for at-risk communities to develop a comprehensive Floodplain Management plan. In the US, communities that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program must agree to regulate development in flood-prone areas. One way of reducing

284-571: A backlist of over 140,000 titles available in print and digital formats. It uses the Routledge imprint for its publishing in humanities, social sciences, behavioural sciences, law and education, and the CRC Press imprint for its publishing in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. As the academic publishing arm of Informa, Taylor & Francis Group accounted for 30.2% of group revenue and 38.1% of adjusted profit in 2017. Taylor & Francis

355-511: A certain amount of space in which floodwaters can fill. Other beneficial uses of dam created reservoirs include hydroelectric power generation, water conservation , and recreation. Reservoir and dam construction and design is based upon standards, typically set out by the government. In the United States, dam and reservoir design is regulated by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Design of

426-556: A coast). The spawning grounds for fish and other wildlife habitats can become polluted or completely destroyed. Some prolonged high floods can delay traffic in areas which lack elevated roadways. Floods can interfere with drainage and economical use of lands, such as interfering with farming. Structural damage can occur in bridge abutments , bank lines, sewer lines, and other structures within floodways. Waterway navigation and hydroelectric power are often impaired. Financial losses due to floods are typically millions of dollars each year, with

497-513: A dam and reservoir follows guidelines set by the USACE and covers topics such as design flow rates in consideration to meteorological, topographic, streamflow, and soil data for the watershed above the structure. The term dry dam refers to a dam that serves purely for flood control without any conservation storage (e.g. Mount Morris Dam , Seven Oaks Dam ). Flood control channels are large and empty basins where surface water can flow through but

568-417: A flood does happen, the city can recover quickly and costs are minimized. For example, homes can be put on stilts, electrical and HVAC equipment can be put on the roof instead of in the basement, and subway entrances and tunnels can have built-in movable water barriers. New York City began a substantial effort to plan and build for flood resilience after Hurricane Sandy . Flood resilience technologies support

639-765: A hand pouring oil into a lit lamp, along with the Latin phrase alere flammam – "to feed the flame [of knowledge]". The modern logo is a stylised oil lamp in a circle. The group has about 1,800 employees in at least 18 offices worldwide. Its head office is in Milton Park , Abingdon in the United Kingdom, with other offices in Stockholm, Leiden , New York, Boca Raton , Philadelphia, Kentucky , Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei , Melbourne, Sydney, Cape Town, Tokyo and New Delhi. Taylor & Francis reported

710-622: A lowhead dam, is most often used to create millponds , but on the Humber River in Toronto, a weir was built near Raymore Drive to prevent a recurrence of the flood damage caused by Hurricane Hazel in October 1954. The Leeds flood alleviation scheme uses movable weirs which are lowered during periods of high water to reduce the chances of flooding upstream. Two such weirs, the first in the UK, were installed on

781-507: A mean 2017 gender pay gap of 24.2% for its UK workforce, while the median was 8%. The fact that the average pay for women is significantly worse than the median pay (compared to men's) shows that women are underrepresented in the positions with the highest pay. As of May 2022, 836 Taylor & Francis journals are listed in the Norwegian Scientific Index of which 753 have a rating of "level 1" (meets academic standard), 70 have

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852-405: A method of using water to control flooding was discovered. This was accomplished by containing 2 parallel tubes within a third outer tube. When filled, this structure formed a non-rolling wall of water that can control 80 percent of its height in external water depth, with dry ground behind it. Eight foot tall water filled barriers were used to surround Fort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station during

923-444: A mix of both natural processes, such as extreme weather upstream, and human changes to waterbodies and runoff. Flood management methods can be either of the structural type (i.e. flood control) and of the non-structural type. Structural methods hold back floodwaters physically, while non-structural methods do not. Building hard infrastructure to prevent flooding, such as flood walls , is effective at managing flooding. However, it

994-469: A portion of the facility. AquaFence consists of interlocking panels which are waterproof and puncture-resistant, can be bolted down to resist winds, and use the weight of floodwater to hold them in place. Materials include marine-grade batlic laminate, stainless steel, aluminum and reinforced PVC canvas. The panels are reusable and can be stored flat between uses. The technology was designed as an alternative to building seawalls or placing sandbags in

1065-594: A quarterly magazine now FREE ACCESS. The activities of IAHR are carried out by two full-time professional secretariats with offices in Madrid , Spain, which is hosted by the consortium Spain Water ( CEDEX , Direccion General del Agua , Direccion General de Costas, MAPAMA, Spain ), and in Beijing , China, hosted by IWHR . The governing body of the association is a council elected by member ballot every two years. The current president

1136-438: A rating "level 2" (the highest level, indicating rigorous academic quality), one has a rating of "level X" (decision on rating in progress), and 13 have a rating of "level 0" (indicating non-academic quality). Taylor & Francis has faced criticism for its use of author licensing agreements, and several of their journals have been criticized or retracted papers due to concerns over review and publishing practices. In 2013,

1207-494: A social construct" that had previously been rejected by another Taylor & Francis journal, Norma: International Journal for Masculinity Studies , which suggested the study would be a good fit for Cogent Social Sciences. When the authors announced the hoax, the article was retracted. In 2018, another Grievance studies affair article "Human reactions to rape culture and queer performativity at urban dog parks in Portland, Oregon"

1278-629: A wide range of flood management methods including but are not limited to flood mapping and physical implication measures. Flood risk management looks at how to reduce flood risk and how to appropriately manage risks that are associated with flooding. Flood risk management includes mitigating and preparing for flooding disasters, analyzing risk, and providing a risk analysis system to mitigate the negative impacts caused by flooding. Flooding and flood risk are especially important with more extreme weather and sea level rise caused by climate change as more areas will be effected by flood risk. Flood mapping

1349-500: A wide variety of member activities including: working groups, research agenda, congresses, specialty conferences, workshops and short courses; Journals, Monographs and Proceedings; by collaborating with international organisations such as UN Water , UNESCO , WMO , IDNDR , GWP , ICSU ; and by co-operation with other water-related national and international organisations. IAHR publishes several international scientific journals in collaboration with Taylor & Francis and Elsevier –

1420-464: Is Prof. Joseph Hun-wei Lee (Hong Kong, China). The current vice-presidents are: Prof. Silke Wieprecht (Germany), Dr. Robert Ettema (USA), and Prof. Hyoseop Woo (South Korea). Dr. Ramon Gutierrez-Serret and Dr. Peng Jing are secretaries general. IAHR is a Scientific Associate of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and is a partner organisation of UN-Water . The IAHR World Congress

1491-559: Is a broad term that includes measures to control or mitigate flood waters, such as actions to prevent floods from occurring or to minimize their impacts when they do occur. Flood management methods can be structural or non-structural: There are several related terms that are closely connected or encompassed by flood management. Flood management can include flood risk management, which focuses on measures to reduce risk, vulnerability and exposure to flood disasters and providing risk analysis through, for example, flood risk assessment . In

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1562-575: Is a flood defense system designed to protect people and property from inland waterway floods caused by heavy rainfall, gales, or rapid melting snow. The SCFB can be built to protect residential properties and whole communities, as well as industrial or other strategic areas. The barrier system is constantly ready to deploy in a flood situation, it can be installed in any length and uses the rising flood water to deploy. When permanent defenses fail, emergency measures such as sandbags , inflatable impermeable sacks, or other temporary barriers are used. In 1988,

1633-514: Is a practice that can inflate the seeming prestige of a journal or group. In 2020, six T&F journals were found by analytics company Clarivate that exhibited unusual levels of self-citation , and as a consequence they were suspended from Journal Citation Reports and saw a drop in their journal impact factors . An April 2022 article in the T&;F journal Accountability in Research outlined some of

1704-681: Is a related but separate concept describing a broader set of strategies taken to reduce flood risk and potential impact while improving resilience against flood events. As climate change has led to increased flood risk an intensity, flood management is an important part of climate change adaptation and climate resilience . For example, to prevent or manage coastal flooding , coastal management practices have to handle natural processes like tides but also sea level rise due to climate change. The prevention and mitigation of flooding can be studied on three levels: on individual properties, small communities, and whole towns or cities. Flood management

1775-472: Is a tool used by governments and policy makers to delineate the borders of potential flooding events, allowing educated decisions to prevent extreme flooding events. Flood maps are useful to create documentation that allows policy makers to make informed decisions about flood hazards. Flood mapping also provides conceptual models to both the public and private sectors with information about flooding hazards. Flood mapping has been criticized in many areas around

1846-677: Is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals . Its parts include Taylor & Francis, CRC Press , Routledge , F1000 Research and Dovepress . It is a division of Informa plc , a United Kingdom -based publisher and conference company. The company was founded in 1852 when William Francis joined Richard Taylor in his publishing business. Taylor had founded his company in 1798. Their subjects covered agriculture, chemistry, education, engineering, geography, law, mathematics, medicine, and social sciences. Francis's son, Richard Taunton Francis (1883–1930),

1917-420: Is best practice within landscape engineering to rely more on soft infrastructure and natural systems , such as marshes and flood plains , for handling the increase in water. Flood management can include flood risk management, which focuses on measures to reduce risk, vulnerability and exposure to flood disasters and providing risk analysis through, for example, flood risk assessment . Flood mitigation

1988-601: Is generally considered the smallest of the 'Big Four' science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) publishers ( Reed-Elsevier , Wiley-Blackwell , Springer , and Taylor & Francis). Informa (including the Taylor & Francis imprint) was ranked by Simba Information as the leading global academic publisher in the areas of humanities and social sciences, in Global Social Science & Humanities Publishing 2016-2020 . The company's journals are delivered through

2059-520: Is indicated and in such cases environmentally helpful solutions may provide solutions. Natural flooding has many beneficial environmental effects. This kind of flooding is usually a seasonal occurrence where floods help replenish soil fertility, restore wetlands and promote biodiversity . Flooding has many impacts. It damages property and endangers the lives of humans and other species. Rapid water runoff causes soil erosion and concomitant sediment deposition elsewhere (such as further downstream or down

2130-404: Is not retained (except during flooding ), or dry channels that run below the street levels of some larger cities , so that if a flash flood occurs the excess water can drain out along these channels into a river or other bodies of water . Flood channels are sometimes built on the former courses of natural waterways as a way to reduce flooding. Channelization of this sort was commonly done in

2201-593: Is one of the most important activities of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR) which typically attracts between 800 and 1500 participants from around the world. The 2022 IAHR World Congress, under the overall theme "From Snow to Sea", took place in Granada, Spain. IAHR publishes the Journal of Hydraulic Research in partnership with Taylor & Francis . IAHR publishes

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2272-735: Is part of environmental engineering . It involves the management of water movement, such as redirecting flood run-off through the use of floodwalls and flood gates to prevent floodwaters from reaching a particular area. Flood mitigation is a related but separate concept describing a broader set of strategies taken to reduce flood risk and potential impact while improving resilience against flood events. These methods include prevention, prediction (which enables flood warnings and evacuation), proofing (e.g.: zoning regulations), physical control ( nature-based solutions and physical structures like dams and flood walls ) and insurance (e.g.: flood insurance policies). Flood relief methods are used to reduce

2343-602: The International Journal of River Basin Management together with the International Association of Hydrological Sciences and INBO and in partnership with Taylor & Francis . IAHR publishes the International Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research together with the World Council of Civil Engineers and in partnership with Taylor & Francis . The IAHR Asia Pacific Division publishes

2414-656: The Journal of Hydraulic Research , the Journal of River Basin Management , the Journal of Water Engineering and Research , the Revista Iberoamericana del Agua RIBAGUA jointly with the World Council of Civil Engineers (WCCE), the Journal of Ecohydraulics and the Journal of Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research with the Korean Water Resources Association. It also publishes Hydrolink ,

2485-436: The 2011 Missouri River Flooding . Instead of trucking in sandbag material for a flood, stacking it, then trucking it out to a hazmat disposal site, flood control can be accomplished by using the on site water. However, these are not fool proof. A 8 feet (2.4 m) high 2,000 feet (610 m) long water filled rubber flood berm that surrounded portions of the plant was punctured by a skid-steer loader and it collapsed flooding

2556-611: The Journal of Hydro-Environment Research in collaboration with the KWRA, Korean Water Resources Association and Elsevier The IAHR Latin America Division publishes the Revista Iberoamericana del Agua in collaboration with the World Council of Civil Engineers (WCCE) Flood risk management Flood management describes methods used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters. Flooding can be caused by

2627-932: The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (STM), the Association of Learned & Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) and The Publishers Association (PA). Taylor & Francis is a signatory of the SDG Publishers Compact , and has taken steps to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These include replacing plastic with responsibly-sourced paper packaging to mail journals and achieving CarbonNeutral® publication certification for their print books and journals. The old Taylor and Francis logo depicts

2698-479: The River Aire in October 2017 at Crown Point, Leeds city centre and Knostrop . The Knostrop weir was operated during the 2019 England floods . They are designed to reduce potential flood levels by up to one metre. Coastal flooding is addressed with coastal defenses, such as sea walls , beach nourishment , and barrier islands . Tide gates are used in conjunction with dykes and culverts. They can be placed at

2769-458: The 1960s, but is now often being undone, with "rechannelization" through meandering, vegetated, porous paths. This is because channellizing the flow in a concrete chute often made flooding worse. Water levels during a flood tend to rise, then fall, exponentially. The peak flood level occurs as a very steep, short spike; a quick spurt of water. Anything that slows the surface runoff (marshes, meanders, vegetation, porous materials, turbulent flow,

2840-570: The Taylor & Francis Online website and its ebooks through the Taylor & Francis website. Taylor & Francis offers Open Access publishing options in both its books and journals. Its digital content services include Routledge Handbooks Online, the Routledge Performance Archive, and the Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. Taylor & Francis is a member of several professional publishing bodies including

2911-504: The amount of mitigation needed to protect humans and buildings from flooding events. Similarly, flood warning systems are important for reducing risks. Following the occurrence of flooding events, other measures such as rebuilding plans and insurance can be integrated into flood risk management plans. Flood risk management strategy diversification is needed to ensure that management strategies cover several different scenarios and ensure best practices. Flood risk management aims to reduce

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2982-650: The building site, including scour protection for shoreline developments, improving rainwater in filtration through the use of permeable paving materials and grading away from structures, and inclusion of berms , wetlands or swales in the landscape. When more homes, shops and infrastructure are threatened by the effects of flooding, then the benefits of protection are worth the additional cost. Temporary flood defenses can be constructed in certain locations which are prone to floods and provide protection from rising flood waters. Rivers running through large urban developments are often controlled and channeled. Water rising above

3053-589: The capacity of stormwater systems. This separates stormwater from blackwater , so that overflows in peak periods do not contaminate rivers. One example is the SMART Tunnel in Kuala Lumpur. Some methods of flood control have been practiced since ancient times. These methods include planting vegetation to retain extra water, terracing hillsides to slow flow downhill, and the construction of floodways (man-made channels to divert floodwater). Other techniques include

3124-417: The construction of levees, lakes, dams, reservoirs, retention ponds to hold extra water during times of flooding. Many dams and their associated reservoirs are designed completely or partially to aid in flood protection and control. Many large dams have flood-control reservations in which the level of a reservoir must be kept below a certain elevation before the onset of the rainy/summer melt season to allow

3195-473: The context of natural hazards and disasters , risk management involves "plans, actions, strategies or policies to reduce the likelihood and/or magnitude of adverse potential consequences, based on assessed or perceived risks". Flood control , flood protection , flood defence and flood alleviation are all terms that mean "the detention and/or diversion of water during flood events for the purpose of reducing discharge or downstream inundation". Flood control

3266-568: The damage caused by flooding is to remove buildings from flood-prone areas, leaving them as parks or returning them to wilderness. Floodplain buyout programs have been operated in places like New Jersey (both before and after Hurricane Sandy ), Charlotte , North Carolina, and Missouri . In the United States, FEMA produces flood insurance rate maps that identify areas of future risk, enabling local governments to apply zoning regulations to prevent or minimize property damage. Buildings and other urban infrastructure can be designed so that even if

3337-468: The decision. Previous instances of Taylor & Francis journals discriminating against Iranian authors were reported in 2013. In 2022 there has been much debate about the Accelerated Publication service offered by Taylor & Francis for some of its biomedical journals. For $ 7,000, a scientist can expedite the peer review process and be published in as few as three weeks. Self-citation

3408-541: The effects of flood waters or high water levels during a flooding event. They include evacuation plans and rescue operations. Flood relief is part of the response and recovery phase in a flood management plan. Floods are caused by many factors or a combination of any of these generally prolonged heavy rainfall (locally concentrated or throughout a catchment area), highly accelerated snowmelt , severe winds over water, unusual high tides, tsunamis , or failure of dams, levees , retention ponds , or other structures that retained

3479-554: The entire board of the Journal of Library Administration resigned in a dispute over author licensing agreements. In 2016, Critical Reviews in Toxicology was accused by the Center for Public Integrity of being a "broker of junk science ". Monsanto was found to have worked with an outside consulting firm to induce the journal to publish a biased review of the health effects of its product "Roundup" . In 2017, Taylor & Francis

3550-477: The factors leading to consistent suspension from Journal Citation Reports. In September 2024, Lucina Uddin , a neuroscience professor at UCLA , sued Taylor & Francis along with five other academic journal publishers in a proposed class-action lawsuit, alleging that the publishers violated antitrust law by agreeing not to compete against each other for manuscripts and by denying scholars payment for peer review services. In 2024, Taylor & Francis

3621-443: The fast recovery of individuals and communities affected, but their use remains limited. Flooding can occur in cities or towns as urban flooding . It can also take place by the sea as coastal flooding . Sea level rise can make coastal flooding worse. In some areas there are also risks of glacial lake outburst floods . There are many adaptation options for flooding: More frequent drenching rains may make it necessary to increase

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3692-811: The flow", and deliberately flood some low-lying areas, ideally vegetated, to act as sponges, letting them drain again as the floodwaters go down. Excess water can be used for groundwater replenishment by diversion onto land that can absorb the water. This technique can reduce the impact of later droughts by using the ground as a natural reservoir. It is being used in California, where orchards and vineyards can be flooded without damaging crops, or in other places wilderness areas have been re-engineered to act as floodplains. In many countries, rivers are prone to floods and are often carefully managed. Defenses such as levees, bunds , reservoirs, and weirs are used to prevent rivers from bursting their banks. A weir, also known as

3763-441: The gate. A flood barrier , surge barrier or storm surge barrier is a specific type of floodgate , designed to prevent a storm surge or spring tide from flooding the protected area behind the barrier. A surge barrier is almost always part of a larger flood protection system consisting of floodwalls , levees (also known as dikes), and other constructions and natural geographical features. The self-closing flood barrier (SCFB)

3834-520: The human and socio-economic losses caused by flooding and is part of the larger field of risk management . Flood risk management analyzes the relationships between physical systems and socio-economic environments through flood risk assessment and tries to create understanding and action about the risks posed by flooding. The relationships cover a wide range of topics, from drivers and natural processes, to models and socio-economic consequences. This relationship examines management methods which includes

3905-470: The integration of flood risks and required policies. In flood management, stakeholder engagement is seen as an important way to achieve greater cohesion and consensus. Integrating stakeholder engagement into flood management often provides a more complex analysis of the situation; this generally adds more demand in determining collective solutions and increases the time it takes to determine solutions. Taylor %26 Francis Taylor & Francis Group

3976-422: The main drivers of floods interact with each other. Flood modelling combines factors such as terrain, hydrology , and urban topography to reproduce the evolution of a flood in order to identify the different levels of flooding risks associated with each element exposed. The modelling can be carried out using hydraulic models, conceptual models, or geomorphic methods. Nowadays, there is a growing attention also in

4047-427: The mouth of streams or small rivers, where an estuary begins or where tributary streams, or drainage ditches connect to sloughs . Tide gates close during incoming tides to prevent tidal waters from moving upland, and open during outgoing tides to allow waters to drain out via the culvert and into the estuary side of the dike. The opening and closing of the gates is driven by a difference in water level on either side of

4118-439: The path of floodwaters. Other solutions, such as HydroSack , are polypropylene exteriors with wood pulp within, though they are one-time use. There are several methods of non-structural flood management that form part of flood risk management strategies. These can involve policies that reduces the amount of urban structures built around floodplains or flood prone areas through land zoning regulations. This helps to reduce

4189-539: The production of maps obtained with remote sensing . Flood modelling is helpful for determining building development practices and hazard mitigation methods that reduce the risks associated with flooding. Stakeholder engagement is a useful tool for flood risk management that allows enhanced public engagement for agreements to be reached on policy discussions. Different management considerations can be taken into account including emergency management and disaster risk reduction goals, interactions of land-use planning with

4260-557: The risk to people and property is through the production of flood risk maps. Most countries have produced maps which show areas prone to flooding based on flood data. In the UK , the Environment Agency has produced maps which show areas at risk. The map to the right shows a flood map for the City of York , including the floodplain for a 1 in 100-year flood (dark blue), the predicted floodplain for

4331-455: The river spreading over a floodplain) will slow some of the flow more than other parts, spreading the flow over time and blunting the spike. Even slightly blunting the spike significantly decreases the peak flood level. Generally, the higher the peak flood level, the more flood damage is done. Straight, clear, smooth concrete-walled channels speed up flow, and are therefore likely to make flooding downstream worse. Modern flood control seeks to "slow

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4402-1015: The same year bought its academic publishing rival Routledge for £90 million. Acquisition of other publishers has remained a core part of the group's business strategy. It merged with Informa in 2004 to create a new company called T&F Informa, since renamed back to Informa . Following the merger, T&F closed the historic Routledge office at New Fetter Lane in London, and moved to its current headquarters in Milton Park, Oxfordshire. In 2017, T&F sold assets from its Garland Science imprint to W. W. Norton & Company and then ceased to use that brand. In 2017, after collaborating for several years, T&F bought specialist digital resources company Colwiz . In January 2020, T&F bought open research publishing platform F1000 . In 2018 Informa PLC reported that Taylor & Francis publishes more than 2,700 journals, and about 7,000 new books each year, with

4473-432: The spike. Even slightly blunting the spike significantly decreases the peak flood level. Generally, the higher the peak flood level, the more flood damage is done. Modern flood control seeks to "slow the flow", and deliberately flood some low-lying areas, ideally vegetated, to act as sponges, letting them drain again as the floodwaters go down. Where floods interact with housing, industry and farming that flood management

4544-400: The water. Water levels during a flood tend to rise, then fall, very abruptly. The peak flood level occurs as a very steep, short spike; a quick spurt of water. Anything that slows the surface runoff (marshes, meanders, vegetation, porous materials, turbulent flow, the river spreading over a floodplain) will slow some of the flow more than other parts, spreading the flow over time and blunting

4615-461: The water. Flooding can be exacerbated by increased amounts of impervious surface or by other natural hazards such as wildfires, which reduce the supply of vegetation that can absorb rainfall. During times of rain, some of the water is retained in ponds or soil, some is absorbed by grass and vegetation, some evaporates, and the rest travels over the land as surface runoff . Floods occur when ponds, lakes, riverbeds, soil, and vegetation cannot absorb all

4686-500: The world, due to the absence of public accessibility, technical writing and data, and lack of easy-to-understand information. However, revived attention towards flood mapping has renewed the interest in enhancing current flood mapping for use as a flood risk management method. Flood modelling is a tool used to model flood hazard and the effects on humans and the physical environment. Flood modelling takes into consideration how flood hazards, external and internal processes and factors, and

4757-419: The worst floods in recent U.S. history having cost billions of dollars. Property owners may fit their homes to stop water entering by blocking doors and air vents, waterproofing important areas and sandbagging the edges of the building. Private precautionary measures are increasingly important in flood risk management. Flood mitigation at the property level may also involve preventative measures focused on

4828-418: Was criticized after selling access to its authors' research to Microsoft as part of an AI partnership. The deal, which allows Microsoft non-exclusive access to content and data to improve AI systems, was made without informing or seeking consent from the authors whose work was involved. Academics expressed surprise and concern upon learning about the agreement, citing issues of transparency, fair compensation, and

4899-541: Was published in Gender, Place & Culture , which was also retracted later that year. In December 2018, the journal Dynamical Systems accepted the paper Saturation of Generalized Partially Hyperbolic Attractors only to have it retracted after publication due to the Iranian nationality of the authors. The European Mathematical Society condemned the retraction and later announced that Taylor & Francis had agreed to reverse

4970-495: Was sole partner in the firm from 1917 to 1930. In 1965, Taylor & Francis launched Wykeham Publications and began book publishing. T&F acquired Hemisphere Publishing in 1988, and the company was renamed Taylor & Francis Group to reflect the growing number of imprints . Taylor & Francis left the printing business in 1990, to concentrate on publishing. In 1998 it went public on the London Stock Exchange and in

5041-488: Was strongly criticized for removing the editor-in-chief of International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health , who accepted articles critical of corporate interests. The company replaced the editor with a corporate consultant without consulting the editorial board. In 2017 as part of the Grievance studies affair hoax articles, the T&F journal Cogent Social Sciences accepted one of "The conceptual penis as

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