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21-571: The term Höhere Mädchenschule was used for schools which promoted education of the mind ("geistige Bildung") beyond Volksschule (elementary school). They were sometimes reserved for höhere Töchter  [ de ] (literally: "higher daughters"), girls from the wealthy bourgeoisie . The Mariengymnasium in Papenburg , for example, was founded around 1835 for the female youth from upper estates ("die weibliche Jugend höherer Stände"). The first schools providing higher education for girls were founded at

42-590: A private institution for girls in Lübeck , which existed until 1871. In 1808, "Madame Wippermann", the wife of a merchant and manufacturer in Quedlinburg , founded the first private Höhere Töchterschule for 40 students, which expanded to the Städtische Höhere Töchterschule in 1863 and to today's Neustädter Grundschule Quedlinburg  [ de ] . Education at these schools aimed primarily to prepare

63-495: A single phase where programmes are typically designed to provide fundamental skills in reading, writing, and mathematics and to establish a solid foundation for learning. This is ISCED Level 1 : Primary education or first stage of basic education. Within the English speaking world, there are three widely used systems to describe the age of the child. The first is the "equivalent ages"; then countries that base their education systems on

84-448: A synonym, "elementary school" has specific meanings in different locations. School building design does not happen in isolation. The building (or school campus) needs to accommodate: Each country will have a different education system and priorities. Schools need to accommodate students, staff, storage, mechanical and electrical systems, support staff, ancillary staff and administration. The number of rooms required can be determined from

105-587: Is sometimes used in the US, although both this term and elementary school may refer to the first eight grades, in other words both primary education and lower secondary education . The term primary school is derived from the French école primaire , which was first used in an English text in 1802. In the United Kingdom, "elementary education" was taught in "elementary schools" until 1944, when free elementary education

126-780: The Abitur , a prerequisite for university studies. Girls, who usually left them aged 15 or 16, could only study at seminaries to be teachers (" Lehrerinnenseminar  [ de ] "). In the 1890s, the first high schools for girls ( Mädchengymnasium  [ de ] ) were founded, which enabled girls to study. Helene Lange achieved in 1908, in collaboration with the responsible Prussian cultural politician Friedrich Althoff and other reformers, that schools for girls were fundamentally restructured. Volksschule The German term Volksschule ( German: [ˈfɔlksˌʃuːlə] ) generally refers to compulsory education , denoting an educational institution every person (i.e.

147-517: The people , Volk ) is required to attend. In Germany and Switzerland it is equivalent to a combined primary ( Grundschule and Primarschule , respectively) and lower secondary education ( Hauptschule or Sekundarschule ), usually comprising mandatory attendance of nine years. In Austria , Volksschule only refers to primary school lasting four years. In Denmark and Norway, they were referred to as folkeskole and in Sweden as folkskola ;

168-592: The pietism movement from the late 17th century onwards and were further promoted by the advocates of the Enlightenment . In 1717 King Frederick William I of Prussia decreed the compulsory education of children from the age of five to twelve. They had to be able to read and write and were obliged to memorise the Protestant catechism . In 1763 King Frederick the Great enacted a first Prussian general school law, elaborated by

189-562: The "English model" use one of two methods to identify the year group; while countries that base their systems on the "American K–12 model" refer to their year groups as "grades". Canada also follows the American model, although its names for year groups are put as a number after the grade: For instance, "Grade 1" in Canada, rather than "First Grade" in the United States. This terminology extends into

210-672: The Finnish term kansakoulu is a direct translation. These Nordic schools covered the first years of primary education, from the ages of 7 to 11 or 12. In medieval times, church schools were established in the Holy Roman Empire to educate the future members of the clergy , as stipulated by the 1215 Fourth Council of the Lateran , later adopted by the sunday schools of the Protestant Reformation . First secular schools followed during

231-576: The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore ), elementary school , or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary education of children who are 4 to 10 years of age (and in many cases, 11 years of age). Primary schooling follows preschool and precedes secondary schooling . The International Standard Classification of Education considers primary education as

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252-599: The beginning of the 18th century. The Gymnaecum, founded in 1709 by August Hermann Francke , is regarded as the first such institution. In 1717, Catholic "Englische Fräulein" of the Congregation of Jesus founded institutions for girls in Bamberg . In 1802, the first municipal school for girls was founded in Hanover , the "Städtische höhere Töchterschule". One of its teachers, Johann Heinrich Meier  [ de ] , founded in 1806

273-402: The education has to fulfill the needs of: The students, the teachers, the non-teaching support staff, the administrators and the community. It has to meet general government building guidelines, health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms, toilets and showers, electricity and services, preparation and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids. An optimum school will meet

294-400: The floor area should be 350 m + 4.1 m /pupil place. The external finishes were to be downgraded to meet a build cost of £1113/m . There are several main ways of funding a school: by the state through general taxation, by a pressure group such as a mosque or church, by a charity, by contributions from parents, or by a combination of these methods. Day-to-day oversight of the school can through

315-453: The girls to become wives and mothers. For more scientific education, wealthy families sent their girls to a finishing school ( Mädchenpensionat ). Many girls from poor families left school as soon as compulsory education was served, to fulfil other duties. At the end of the 19th century, Prussia had 213 public höhere Mädchenschulen and 656 private ones. The höhere Mädchenschulen had no Gymnasiale Oberstufe  [ de ] leading to

336-492: The minimum conditions and will have: Government accountants having read the advice then publish minimum guidelines on schools. These enable environmental modelling and establishing building costs. Future design plans are audited to ensure that these standards are met but not exceeded. Government ministries continue to press for the 'minimum' space and cost standards to be reduced. The UK government published this downwardly revised space formula for primary schools in 2014. It said

357-466: The predicted roll of the school and the area needed. According to standards used in the United Kingdom, a general classroom for 30 reception class or infant (Keystage 1) students needs to be 62 m , or 55 m for juniors (Keystage 2). Examples are given on how this can be configured for a 210 place primary with attached 26 place nursery and two-storey 420 place (two form entry) primary school with attached 26 place nursery. The building providing

378-495: The research literature. In Canada, education is a provincial, not a federal responsibility. For example, the province of Ontario also had a " Grade 13 ", designed to help students enter the workforce or post-secondary education, but this was phased out in the year 2003. In most parts of the world, primary education is the first stage of compulsory education , and is normally available without charge, but may also be offered by fee-paying independent schools . The term grade school

399-570: The theologian Johann Julius Hecker . Similar Volksschulen were established in the Electorate of Saxony and in the German-speaking parts of the Habsburg monarchy , backed by Johann Ignaz von Felbiger , through a system of state-supported primary one-room schools . Attendance was supposedly compulsory, but a 1781 census reveals that only one fourth of school-age children attended. At the time, this

420-572: Was one of the few examples of state-supported schooling. Sending one's children to school was binding by law only from 1840 in the Austrian Empire . This Austrian history article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to education in Europe is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Primary school A primary school (in Ireland, India,

441-568: Was proposed for students over 11: there were to be primary elementary schools and secondary elementary schools; these became known as primary schools and secondary schools. In some parts of the United States, "primary school" refers to a school covering kindergarten through to second grade or third grade (K through 2 or 3); the "elementary school" includes grade three through five or grades four to six. In Canada, "elementary school" almost everywhere refers to Grades 1 through 6; with Kindergarten being referred to as "preschool." Though often used as

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