Hòa Bình or Hoà Bình (see tone marks ) is a mountainous province of Vietnam , located in the nation's Northwest region. It borders Phú Thọ province and Sơn La province to the northwest, Hanoi to the northeast, Hà Nam province to the east, Ninh Bình province to the southeast and Thanh Hóa province to the south. The province covers an area of about 4,590 km (1,772 sq mi) and as of 2022 it had a population of 875,380 people. In 2020, the GDP per capita of the province was estimated to be $ 2625 (equivalent to 60.5 million Vietnamese đồng ).
22-535: Hòa Bình province was created on June 22, 1886, following the decree of Tonkin with the name "Mường Province", splitting Mường majority areas from Hưng Hóa province , Sơn Tây province , Hanoi and Ninh Bình province . Its name derives from the Sino-Vietnamese 和平 , meaning "peace." The province was administered from Chợ Bờ (in Đà Bắc District ), hence it was also known as "Chợ Bờ Province", until in November of
44-597: A Western rendition of 東京 Đông Kinh , meaning 'Eastern Capital'. This was the name of the capital of the Lê dynasty (present-day Hanoi ). Locally, Tonkin is nowadays known as miền Bắc , or Bắc Bộ , meaning ' Northern Region '. The name was used from 1883 to 1945 for the French protectorate of Tonkin (Vietnamese: Bắc Kỳ 北圻), a constituent territory of French Indochina . It is south of Yunnan (Vân Nam) and Guangxi (Quảng Tây) Provinces of China ; east of northern Laos and west of
66-702: A crucial foothold in Southeast Asia and a key to the Chinese market, was invaded by the French in the Tonkin Campaign . It was colonized as the French protectorate of Tonkin , and was gradually separated from the French protectorate of Annam , with Vietnam being effectively separated into three parts. During French colonial rule within French Indochina , Hanoi was the capital of Tonkin protectorate, and in 1901 became
88-683: A natural mineral water with a constant temperature at 36 degree Celsius, used for drinking, bathing and good for health Hoà Bình Dam , based at Da river at its time of construction in 1979 was known as the biggest hydropower plant in Southeast Asia. Visitors may visit this place as a historical and significant hydropower in Vietnam. Hòa Bình is subdivided into 10 district-level sub-divisions and 151 commune-level sub-divisions. [REDACTED] Media related to Hoa Binh at Wikimedia Commons Tonkin Tonkin , also spelled Tongkin , Tonquin or Tongking ,
110-558: A notable landowner in the Lam Sơn region, had a following of more than 1,000 people before rising up against rule of the Chinese Ming dynasty . Following his victory he mounted the throne and established himself in the city of Thăng Long ('Ascending Dragon'), present Hà Nội . Thăng Long was also called Đông Kinh 東 京 , meaning 'Eastern Capital' (東京 is identical in meaning and written form in Chinese characters to that of Tokyo ). During
132-502: Is an exonym referring to the northern region of Vietnam . During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain Đàng Ngoài under Trịnh lords ' control, including both the Northern and Thanh - Nghệ regions, north of the Gianh River . From 1884 to early 1945, this term was used for the French protectorate of Tonkin , composed of only Northern Vietnam . "Tonkin" is
154-633: Is well known for its culture and considered as the cradle of ancient culture in Vietnam. There are five ethnic groups of Muong, Thai, Mong, Tay and Dao living in this province. Besides, this land has various historic relics (184) and natural landscapes for visiting. A lot of tourist destinations that visitors can explore in Hoa Binh: Mai Châu is the central town of Mai Châu district . It is famous for its traditional ethnic minority groups, rice terraces and green mountainous landscapes. Tourists can travel by motorbike if they want to enjoy landscapes along
176-821: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu in western Tonkin and signature of Geneva accords in 1954, the communist nation of North Vietnam was formed, consisting of Tonkin and northern Annam. The State of Vietnam's territory was reduced to the southern half of the country, becoming South Vietnam . In 1964, the US and North Vietnamese were involved in a battle off the coast known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident . [REDACTED] Media related to Tonkin at Wikimedia Commons 21°00′00″N 106°00′00″E / 21.0000°N 106.0000°E / 21.0000; 106.0000 Cao Phong district Cao Phong
198-520: The Gulf of Tonkin . Having the fertile delta area of the Red River , Tonkin is rich in rice production. The area was called Văn Lang from around 2000−200 BC. Evidence of the earliest established society in northern Vietnam, along with the Đông Sơn culture , was discovered in the Cổ Loa Citadel area, located near present-day Hanoi , the capital city of Vietnam. According to Vietnamese myths
220-644: The Hồng Bàng dynasty . The country was called Văn Lang and its people were referred to as the Lạc Việt . By the 3rd century BC, another Viet group, the Âu Việt , emigrated to the Red River delta and mixed with the indigenous population. A new kingdom, Âu Lạc , emerged as the union of the Âu Việt and the Lạc Việt, with Thục Phán proclaiming himself An Dương Vương . Âu Lạc was annexed into Nam Việt kingdom of Triệu Đà . After
242-557: The Triệu dynasty , this region started to be officially under Chinese rule . In pre- Tang times Tonkin was the port of call for ships on the South China Sea , though the center of commerce later moved north to Guangdong . The victory of Ngô Quyền at the Battle of Bạch Đằng in 938 ushered a new era of independence of Vietnam. The Ngô dynasty was followed by the Đinh , Early Lê , Lý , Trần , and Hồ . Lê Lợi (reigned 1428–1433),
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#1732848968189264-657: The 17th and 18th centuries, Westerners commonly used the name Tonkin (from Đông Kinh ) to refer to Đàng Ngoài in the North, ruled by the Trịnh lords . Đàng Ngoài , or Bắc Hà , included not only the delta of the Red River, but also the deltas of the Mã River and Cả River . Meanwhile, Cochinchina or Quinan was used to refer to Đàng Trong in the South, ruled by the Nguyễn lords ; and Annam , from
286-524: The General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Hòa Bình province as of 2019 was 854,131 with a density of 186 people per km over a total land area of 4,590.57 km (1,772.43 sq mi). The male population during this period was 426,923 while the female population was 427,208. The rural population was 719,811 against an urban population of 134,320 (about 19% of
308-712: The capital of all French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam). French colonial administration ruled until 9 March 1945, including 1941-1945 during the World War II Japanese occupation of Vietnam . French administration was allowed by the Japanese as a puppet government. Japan briefly took full control of Vietnam in March 1945, as the Empire of Vietnam . Tonkin became a site of the Vietnamese famine of 1945 during this period. After
330-578: The construction of the Hoa Binh hydroelectric project, Bich Tru village lost almost all of its arable land and became a lake bed village. Turning difficulties into advantages, Bich Tru people have developed Promote aquaculture and fishing, while focusing on protecting natural landscapes and preserving traditional culture to develop tourism and relaxation. Currently, 53 households in the hamlet have developed 167 cages. fish of all kinds and 4 households combining aquaculture with community tourism development. Hoà Bình
352-632: The end of World War II, French rule returned over French Indochina. The Northern part of Vietnam became a stronghold for the communist Viet Minh . Hanoi was later reoccupied by the French and conflict between the Viet Minh and France broke out into the First Indochina War . In 1949 it came under the authority of the State of Vietnam , a new associated state of the French Union . After the French defeat at
374-579: The first Vietnamese peoples descended from the Dragon Lord Lạc Long Quân and the Immortal Goddess Âu Cơ . Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ had 100 sons before they decided to part ways. 50 of the children went with their mother to the mountains, and the other 50 went with their father to the sea. The eldest son became the first in a line of earliest Vietnamese kings, collectively known as the Hùng kings of
396-569: The name of the former Chinese province , was used to refer to Vietnam as a whole. After French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh to unify Vietnam under the Nguyễn dynasty , the French Navy began its heavy presence in Lower Cochinchina , including Saigon , and later colonized the whole of this southern third of Vietnam in 1867. During the Sino-French War (1884–1885), Tonkin, then considered
418-520: The rural population). There are more than 40 ethnic groups in Hòa Bình recognized by the Vietnamese government. Each ethnicity has their own language, traditions, and subculture. The largest ethnic groups are: Mường (64.28%), Vietnamese (25.69%), Thái (4.03%), Tày (3.92%), Dao (2.02%). Others accounted for the remaining 0.96%. Muong Bich Tru village, Hoa Binh: Located in the "populated" area during
440-579: The same year, it was relocated to Phương Lâm District (today in Bất Bạt District , Hà Tây province ). In April 1888 it was renamed " Phương Lâm province " by the French colonial authorities. On March 18, 1891, the Governor-General of French Indochina decreed that the name of the province would change to Hòa Bình province with six districts: Lương Sơn , Kỳ Sơn , Lạc Sơn , Lạc Thủy , Mai Châu and Đà Bắc . On October 15, 1957, Tân Lạc District
462-547: The way, using bus or private car. It is 140-150km from Hanoi capital to this place Thung Nai is a mountainous commune under Cao Phong district considered as the 'Ha Long Bay on land'. Thung Nai has its beauty with mountains, hills, lake and breathtaking sightseeing. Cao Phong is also a fertile land famous for its lush orange orchards. Kim Bôi hotspring at Kim Bôi district is another must-see destination in Hoà Bình. It takes only 30km away from Hoa Binh city. Tourists can experience
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#1732848968189484-410: Was formed from a portion of Lạc Sơn District. On April 17, 1959, Kim Bôi District was formed from a portion of Lương Sơn District. On August 17, 1964, Yên Thủy District was formed from a portion of Lạc Thủy District. On December 12, 2001, Cao Phong District was formed from a portion of Kỳ Sơn District. On December 17, 2019, Kỳ Sơn District was annexed by the city of Hòa Bình . According to
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