Hyundai Department Store ( Korean : 현대백화점 ) is a major department store chain in South Korea . Its parent company is the Hyundai Department Store Group . It, Lotte Department Store , and Shinsegae are the three largest chains in the country.
35-430: Seoul Metropolitan Area Yeongnam Region Hoseo Region Outlet Stores Defunct stores Seoul Metropolitan Area The Seoul Metropolitan Area ( Sudogwon ; Korean : 수도권 , [sʰu.do.k͈wʌ̹n] ) or Gyeonggi region ( 경기 지방 ), is the metropolitan area of Seoul , Incheon , and Gyeonggi Province , located in north-western South Korea . Its population of 26 million (as of 2024)
70-489: A construction program to complete the railway network, to foster economic growth. On the Gyeongbu Line, the effort was advertised with a new class of express trains named Jaegeon-ho , (Reconstruction train) introduced on May 15, 1962. These trains reduced travel times below the best pre-WWII travel times for the first time, connecting Seoul and Busan in 6 hours 10 minutes at a top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). From
105-499: Is ranked as the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the world. Its area is about 12,685 km (4,898 sq mi). It forms the cultural, commercial, financial, industrial, and residential center of South Korea. The largest city is Seoul, with a population of approximately 10 million people, followed by Incheon, with three million inhabitants. The Capital Area occupies a plain in the Han River valley. Covering only about 12% of
140-447: Is served along its entire length by frequent intercity Saemaul-ho and cross-country Mugunghwa-ho trains. Some trains run along the entire length of the line, others only on some sections, including trains diverging to the connected lines. As of October 2010, direct Saemaul day trains connect Seoul to Busan in a minimum 4 hours 50 minutes, and Mughungwa trains in a minimum 5 hours 28 minutes. Korail launched KTX high-speed services with
175-718: The Gimcheon–Gumi station on the high-speed line. The section between Daegu and Samnangjin, the junction with the Gyeongjeon Line , is also used by the Gyeongjeon KTX services, which connect Seoul to Masan on the Gyeongjeon Line since December 15, 2010, and will be extended to Jinju by 2012. Stops along the Gyeongbu Line will be at Dongdaegu and Miryang. Between Seoul and Cheonan, the Mugunghwa and Saemaul express trains on
210-603: The Keibu Railway ( 京釜鐵道 , Keibu tetsudō ) . The first trains travelled the line in 17 hours 4 minutes. By April 1906, travel time was reduced to 11 hours, while top speed was 60 km/h (37 mph). The line developed into the backbone of transport in Korea under Japanese rule . Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria , from April 1, 1933, the line was traversed by direct trains from Busan to Andong (today Dandong ) across
245-516: The Saemaul-ho class of elevated-comfort express trains on August 15, 1974. with the introduction of new streamlined diesel locomotives and then diesel multiple units in Saemaul-ho service, top speed was raised to 140 km/h (87 mph) and travel time was reduced to 4 hours 10 minutes with the timetable valid from November 16, 1985. The Gyeongbu Line was extensively upgraded in parallel with
280-466: The 1960s, road construction began to make road transport more attractive and faster. Although top speed rose to 110 km/h (68 mph) and the Seoul–Busan travel time along the Gyeongbu Line was reduced to 4 hours 50 minutes by June 10, 1969, on the parallel Gyeongbu Expressway , completed in 1970, travel time was only 4 hours to 4 hours 30 minutes. Korean National Railroad responded by introducing
315-630: The Gyeongbu KTX service also returned to the Gyeongbu Line for two short sections crossing Daejeon and Daegu, where local disputes about the high-speed line alignment across urban areas held up construction; and all the way from Daegu to Busan. Consequently, all but two of the stations of the Gyeongbu KTX service were on the conventional Gyeongbu Line: after the two stations on the high-speed line, Gwangmyeong and Cheonan-Asan, stops were at Daejeon, Dongdaegu (East Daegu), Miryang, Gupo and Busan. Some Gyeongbu KTX services maintained service on this relation after
350-544: The Gyeongbu Line en route to Janghang , Gwangju , Mokpo , Suncheon , Yeosu , Pohang , Ulsan , Haeundae , Masan , and Jinju . Trains for Jecheon , Andong , and Yeongju also operate along sections of the Gyeongbu Line. On the section between Seoul Station, Guro (where roughly half of the trains leave the Gyeongbu Line to head out to Incheon via the Gyeongin Line ), Suwon, and Byeongjeom, Seoul Subway Line 1 provides frequent commuter services. The Gyeongbu Line
385-477: The Gyeongbu Line gave rail around a fifth of the modal share before the launch of KTX services. Due to the short distance and the location of the KTX station outside the city, the conventional line could retain most of its passengers, and the increase in the total modal share of rail was modest. On the medium-distance relation from Seoul to Daejeon, KTX gained market share mostly at the expense of normal express services on
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#1733085471951420-404: The Gyeongbu Line, which decreased by half in the first year, while the total share of rail increased to a third. On the long-distance relations from Seoul to Daegu and Busan, the total share of rail increased from around two-fifths to a market dominating three-fifths, with the bulk of that traffic taken by the KTX. For intercity passenger traffic on the conventional Gyeongbu Line, that translates to
455-609: The November 1, 2010, opening of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR, with the daily number of halts in Miryang and Gupo increased. Korail met local demands by introducing additional KTX services between Seoul and Dongdaegu in June 2007, which used the conventional Gyeongbu Line between Daejeon and Dongdaegu to serve Gimcheon and Gumi . However, these services were discontinued with the opening of
490-495: The area is currently governed by the Capital Region Readjustment Planning Act ( 수도권정비계획법 ), first passed in 1982 and last revised in 1996. The Seoul Metropolitan Area is divided among the special city of Seoul , the metropolitan city of Incheon , and province of Gyeonggi . Seoul has 25 gu (local government wards), Incheon has 8 gu and 2 counties, and Gyeonggi Province has 28 cities and 3 counties as
525-537: The border. From December 1, 1936, the Akatsuki luxury express trains ran on the line with a maximum speed of 90 km/h (56 mph), and achieved the shortest pre-war travel time of 6 hours 30 minutes in the timetable valid from November 1, 1940. Travel times increased greatly while the line was used for transport in World War II . Following World War II, the Seoul–Busan express train re-established on May 20, 1946,
560-717: The capital area are tightly interconnected by road and rail. Many of the country's railroad lines, most notably the Gyeongbu Line , terminate in the region. In addition, rapid transit is provided by the Seoul Metropolitan Subway , which has lines that serve all districts of Seoul, as well as the city of Incheon and other surrounding cities within Gyeonggi Province. The region is a nexus for travel by air and water. The country's two largest airports, Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport , are in
595-491: The conventional Gyeongbu Line for KTX services on the sections paralleling the parts of the high-speed line not completed in the first phase. Plans foresaw the development of the Gyeongbu Line into a high-capacity freight corridor after the completion of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR. At the time of the opening of the Daegu–Busan section of the high-speed line on November 1, 2010, capacity available for freight trains on
630-466: The conventional line was expected to increase by a factor of 7.7, while the capacity for passenger transport in the entire corridor increased by a factor of 3.4. The line was electrified in stages from 1974 to 2006: For KTX trains and new electric locomotives, top speed was also raised to up to 150 km/h. The Gyeongbu Line is the major route out of Seoul and Yongsan stations and, in addition to regular departures for Busan, trains travel along
665-516: The country's area, the Seoul Metropolitan Area is home to more than 48.2% of the national population, and is the world's ninth-largest urban area . This percentage has risen steadily since the mid-20th century, and the trend is expected to continue. Currently more than half of the people who move from one region to another are moving to the capital area. In 2020, it was reported that the Seoul Metropolitan Area's population had exceeded 50% of
700-462: The country's total population, with 25,925,799 people living in the area (50.002% of the total 51,849,861). In 2020, the Seoul Metropolitan Area's gross regional domestic product was around USD 900 billion, generating around half of the country's total GDP . It is the fourth-largest urban economy in the world after Tokyo, New York and Los Angeles but ahead of Paris and London. The region hosts headquarters of 59 Forbes Global 2000 companies. As
735-521: The development of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway urban rapid transit system and the Korea Train Express (KTX) high-speed rail system from the 1970s. The Gyeongbu Line is six-tracked from Seoul to Guro, four-tracked from Guro to Cheonan, and double-tracked from Cheonan all the way to Busan. The entire line is electrified. The Seoul – Busan axis is Korea's main traffic corridor. In 1995, it housed 73.3% of Korea's population, and conducted 70% of
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#1733085471951770-522: The economy of Seoul Metropolitan Area transformed to knowledge economy from the manufacturing -based economy of the 20th century, there are a number of high-tech business parks in Seoul Metropolitan Area, such as Digital Media City and Pangyo Techno Valley . The Seoul Metropolitan Area is home to the most affluent and livable cities and apartments in Korea but there are significant discrepancies between cities and districts, particularly between those built in
805-561: The freight traffic and 66% of the passenger traffic. With both the Gyeongbu Expressway and Korail 's Gyeongbu Line congested, the government saw the need to develop railways. The first proposals for a second Seoul-Busan railway line originated from a study prepared between 1972 and 1974 by experts of France's SNCF and Japan Railway Technical Service (JARTS) on a request from the IBRD . A more detailed 1978-1981 study by KAIST , focusing on
840-456: The metropolitan area. International and domestic ferries depart from Incheon's ferry terminals several times a day. Seoul Ring Expressway (Expressway No. 100) connects satellite cities around Seoul. Gyeongbu Line The Gyeongbu line ( Gyeongbuseon ) is a railway line in South Korea and is considered to be the most important and one of the oldest in the country. It
875-553: The needs of freight transport, also came to the conclusion that the necessary capacity for freight transport on the existing Gyeongbu Line could best be released by separating off long-distance passenger traffic on a parallel high speed passenger railway, which was then taken up in Korea's next Five Year Plan . Following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis , the government decided to finish the Gyeongbu High Speed Railway (Gyeongbu HSR) in two phases, and upgrade and electrify
910-468: The older and newer generations. Newer areas with more modern and luxurious apartments and infrastructure are more expensive, along with proximity to Gangnam District , the commercial center of the region. Various agencies have been set up to deal with the intergovernmental problems of the region. Proposals for consolidating some or all of the cities of the capital area into a handful of metropolitan cities have thus far not been implemented. Development in
945-476: The opening of the first phase of the Gyeongbu HSR on April 1, 2004. The Seoul–Busan travel distance was shortened to 408.5 km, the shortest travel time was 2 hours 40 minutes. All KTX services use the conventional Gyeongbu Line between Seoul and the start of the Siheung Interconnection at a junction after Geumcheon-gu Office station , until the Siheung Interconnection diverges in a tunnel towards
980-577: The outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, Japan ignored Korea's declaration of neutrality and transported troops to Incheon . Japan also forced the Korean government to sign an agreement that ceded its control of the railway. Japanese military bases were established in connection with the railway, the biggest of them next to Ryūzan Station in Keijō. The Gyeongbu line was publicly inaugurated on January 1, 1905 as
1015-432: The plans were dropped in face of opposition from locals living around Gwangmyeong station along the Gyeongbu HSR, who feared that Yeongdeungpo would draw away passengers from the new station and force its closing. However, the November 1, 2010, timetable change made Yeongdeungpo a KTX stop, for newly introduced trains that also use the Gyeongbu Line on the entire Seoul–Daejeon section, to serve Suwon . From its opening,
1050-456: The present start of the Gyeongbu HSR. The terminal for most Gyeongbu KTX services is Seoul Station, for most Honam KTX services, Yongsan station. In addition, some trains continue beyond Seoul Station for 14.9 km along the Gyeongui Line to terminate at Haengsin station , next to which KTX trains have a depot. An additional stop at Yeongdeungpo station was proposed in 2004, however,
1085-495: The right to build the line in 1898. Construction of the railway started on August 20, 1901, with a ceremony at Eitōho-ku , Keijō. Construction was supervised by Japanese, with local Koreans commandeered into forced labor and paid with coupons. Japan also sought to gain control of the Keigi Railway project that was to continue tracks further north, recognizing the trunk route as a means to keep Korea under its influence. After
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1120-569: The subdivisions. The 25 districts of Seoul. The eight districts and two counties of Incheon. There are twenty-eight cities and three counties in Gyeonggi-do. Below are seven of the largest cities, sorted by their population size: The four gu of Suwon ( 수원 ; 水原 ). The three gu of Goyang ( 고양 ; 高陽 ). The three gu of Yongin ( 용인 ; 龍仁 ). The three gu of Seongnam ( 성남 ; 城南 ). The two gu of Ansan ( 안산 ; 安山 ) The two gu of Anyang ( 안양 ; 安養 ) The cities of
1155-623: The war, Japan competed with the Russian Empire 's railway expansion in Northeast Asia, which led it to seek the right from the Korean Empire to build a railway from Busan to Keijō . This railway line was intended by Japan to solidify its strategic positions against Russia, which it would later go to war . Surveying began in 1896, and in spite of local protests, the Korean Empire gave Japan
1190-568: Was constructed in 1905, connecting Seoul with Busan via Suwon , Daejeon , and Daegu . It is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea. All types of high-speed , express, local, and freight trains provide frequent service along its entire length. In 1894–1895, the Empire of Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino-Japanese War for influence over Korea. Following
1225-511: Was named Chosun Liberator . During the Korean War , the line transported troops and refugees. The line remained the backbone of transport in South Korea after the war, when diesel locomotives and the cross-country Mugunghwa-ho train class was introduced. Following the 1961 coup, the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction started South Korea's first five-year plan , which included
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