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93-577: The Hustler Fund was a campaign promise made by William Ruto during Kenya's 2022 presidential election . Ruto had run on a platform dedicated to creating a "new economic order" and the Hustler Fund was a key aspect of this platform. A majority of Kenyan citizens are in a state of perpetual debt as a result of the widespread nature of digital loans, which Kenyans often use to pay for everyday purchases. Those loans often carry high interest rates, making it impossible for average citizens to pay them off. The fund

186-604: A business. And if the money doesn't generate returns, it's hard to see how Kenyans will be able to repay the loans." Some citizens criticized the program for not providing them enough money: for example, a fruit seller in Nairobi applied for a loan but only received 500 shillings (roughly $ 4 USD). Some critics wondered if Ruto had over-promised, however Ruto himself defended the fund and said it would be continually developed and refined. A one-year retrospective in The Standard said that

279-451: A court order. Uganda's Inspector General ordered a probe into the legislator's degree saga. On 12 July 2022, the High Court dismissed a petition over Sakaja's degree, faulting the petitioner, Dennis Gakuu Wahome, for failing to discharge the burden of proof that the gubernatorial candidate degree certificate was fake. Former Nairobi governor Mike Sonko was denied clearance to run for

372-488: A fake certificate to IEBC from a Ugandan university and that he never graduated from the University of Nairobi (UoN). Initially, Sakaja had stated in interviews that he was an alumnus of UoN, where he purportedly pursued a bachelor's degree in actuarial science . It would later emerge that Sakaja was yet to complete his studies at UoN since his enrollment in 2003. He admitted in a radio interview that he did not graduate from

465-531: A list of persons to be appointed as judges by the president (this article will be enforced after the transitional period). The commission will consist of the following: Devolution to the county governments will only be autonomous in implementation of distinct functions as listed in the Fourth Schedule (Part 2). This is in contrast with the Federal System in which Sovereignty is Constitutionally divided between

558-505: A new constitution to devolve power. Ruto aligned himself with Kenyatta in 2013. Both Kenyatta and Ruto had been indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) on crimes against humanity charges for their alleged role in orchestrating the post-election violence in the 2007 election. The cases later collapsed, with former ICC chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda saying a relentless campaign of victim and witness intimidation made

651-436: A number of proposed amendments to Kenya's constitution. Promoted by Kenyatta and Odinga as a way to resolve factional tensions in the nation—improving inclusion and ending Kenya's winner-take-all elections (often followed by deadly violence)—the amendments sought to: Critics alleged the effort was unnecessary, and was a selfish attempt to reward political dynasties, and weaken Deputy President William Ruto (Odinga's rival for

744-542: A powerful presidency; and reducing the protections of the bill of rights. Further amendments to the 1969 constitution were later effected, including, in 1982, the institution of a de jure single party government. The demand for a new constitution to replace the 1969 text with a more democratic system began in the early 1990s, with the end of the Cold War and democratic changes taking place elsewhere in Africa. The single party system

837-617: A prime minister. But despite the Supreme Court of Kenya ruling against the proposed amendments in August, the unexpected alliance has persevered, with Odinga attending official government functions with Kenyatta. Cracks within the Jubilee government began to appear, leading to an eventual fallout between Kenyatta and his deputy, Ruto. In December 2021, the Mount Kenya Foundation, one of

930-450: A resolution is passed in each House of Parliament by at least two-thirds of all the members of the House. Such a resolution can delay the election by up to six months, and may be passed multiple times provided that the delays do not cumulatively exceed 12 months. The constitution requires that a presidential election take place at the same time as the general election. In the event that prior to

1023-549: A revised draft was presented to the Parliamentary Committee on 8 January 2010. The Parliamentary Select Committee (PSC) revised the draft and returned the draft to the Committee of Experts who published a Proposed Constitution on 23 February 2010 that was presented to Parliament for final amendments if necessary. After failing to incorporate over 150 amendments to the proposed constitution, parliament unanimously approved

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1116-557: A role to play in the County level by performing all the other functions that are not assigned to the County Government as listed on the Fourth Schedule (Part 1). The new constitution makes important reforms to the previous framework on citizenship, in particular by ending gender discrimination in relation to the right of a woman to pass citizenship to her children or spouse; by ending the prohibition on dual citizenship; and by restricting

1209-588: A second round is held between the top two candidates, in which the candidate with the most votes wins. The Parliament of Kenya consists of two houses: the Senate ( upper house ) and the National Assembly ( lower house ), both of which were fully renewed for five-year terms. Those elected in 2022 formed the 13th Parliament of Kenya . The National Assembly has 350 members, of which 290 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting . Of

1302-526: A two-thirds gender rule and affordable housing, among other policies. Wajackoyah intended to legalise marijuana for commercial purposes, introduce snake farming, export dog meat, shut and bring down the standard-gauge railway , hang the corrupt, suspend the constitution , introduce four-day work week, move capital city to Isiolo , create eight states, and repatriate idle foreigners. On 4 July 2022, Agano Party presidential candidate David Mwaure Waihiga launched his 12-point manifesto. He argued that it

1395-481: A year. Shortly after launch, the Fund was revealed to be in violation of Kenyan data privacy laws as the Fund's privacy policy was not written in language understandable by lay people. By January 2, 2023, the fund had loaned over 20 billion shillings. The same day, Ruto announced that the government was working on a "second phase" of the program that would increase the total amount of funding available and would target areas of

1488-596: Is dealt with under Article 191 where National legislation will in some cases override County legislation. The relationship between the National Government and the Counties can be seen as that of a Principal and a limited autonomy Agent as opposed to an Agent and Agent relation in the Federal System. More checks and balances have been introduced as requirements for accountability of both levels of government. The Parliament( Senate and National Assembly) has much discretion on

1581-476: Is illegal. The education curriculum includes religious education syllabus for both Christianity and Islam. Following the contentious 2017 presidential election (initially ruled illegal by the Supreme Court, which forced President-elect Kenyatta into a re-run), the two leading contenders—rivals Uhuru Kenyatta (who won election) and Raila Odinga —proposed a "Building Bridges Initiative" (BBI), which consisted of

1674-704: Is respected and properly implemented." Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon stated: "On behalf of the Government of Canada , I wish to congratulate Kenya on the adoption of its new constitution. This is a significant achievement and an important moment in Kenya's history. We welcome the leadership shown by President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Amolo Odinga within the Grand Coalition Government in bringing Kenyans together to tackle their future and make progress through dialogue, and in implementing

1767-619: The Kikuyu people – like Kenyatta – or the Kalenjin people, like William Ruto . The potential victory of Odinga, a Luo , would mark a departure for the country, which has 44 ethnic groups. Ruto initially supported Odinga in the 2007 election against Mwai Kibaki . The announcement of the presidential results led to ethnic clashes among Kenya's tribes. Police crackdowns on protesters and clashes that turned into ethnic attacks killed more than 1,000 people in post-election violence , eventually prompting

1860-608: The Mombasa governorship following his impeachment in 2020. Sonko filed a petition at the High Court to have it compel IEBC to clear him for the gubernatorial race. On 13 July 2022, the court noted in its ruling that Sonko's impeachment case was yet to be determined by the Supreme Court , and ordered the electoral commission to clear Sonko to vie for the Mombasa governorship. On 14 July 2022, Sonko presented his nomination papers at IEBC where he

1953-807: The Nairobi City County government. On 2 March 2022, the Media Council of Kenya , in conjunction with the Media Owners Association and Kenya Editors' Guild, announced plans to conduct presidential debates in July 2022. Clifford Machoka was appointed to organise the presidential and deputy presidential debates. The debates were scheduled to run on 11, 19, and 26 July 2022 at Catholic University of Eastern Africa ; and they were to be broadcast live across most television and radio stations, and their online platforms. A Nairobi City County gubernatorial debate

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2046-652: The Orange Democratic Movement disagreed on many points. the greatest discrepancy in opinion was over the nature of the executive branch of the government. The economic interest represented by the Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA), openly opposed the new style of government. Eventually the contentious issue of the position of Prime Minister was removed. The remaining contentious issues primarily concern abortion , Kadhi courts and land reform. Mainstream Christian leaders in Kenya object to

2139-467: The Senate are elected by four methods; 47 are elected in single-member constituencies based on the counties by first-past-the-post voting. Parties are then assigned a share of 16 seats for women, two for youth and two for persons with disabilities based on their seat share. A speaker is also elected as an ex officio member. Only four presidential aspirants and their running mates from parties were cleared. Walter Mong'are's nomination to run for presidency

2232-616: The World Bank and European Union for increased financial backing for the fund. Simon Chelugui claimed that the World Bank was willing to offer 20 billion shillings of support. The Fund has been hampered by budget cuts since launch, with The Standard reporting that the fund was only allocated 5 billion shillings in FY 2023's first budget. Semafor criticized the Fund's rollout, writing that "the amount available isn't enough to really kick-start

2325-422: The 1963 independence constitution was replaced with a new text that entrenched amendments already made to the system of government that the independence constitution had contemplated. These changes included: changing the structure of the state from a federal, or Majimbo system, to a unitary system; creating a unicameral instead of bicameral legislature; changing from a parliamentary to a presidential system with

2418-550: The Federal government and the States. The Kenyan Devolution system still maintains a Unitary Political Concept as a result of distribution of functions between the two levels of government under the Fourth schedule and also as result of Article 192 which gives the president the power to suspend a county government under certain conditions. A conflict of laws between the two levels of government

2511-408: The Fund had received a mixed reception. The article criticized the fund for not adapting to individual recipient's needs but noted that the public reception had been positive, saying that many entrepreneurs and artisans had benefited from the program's microloans. The piece concluded that the creation of a regulatory board for the Fund, which only took place several months into the program, would improve

2604-456: The Fund's operation in the future. 2022 Kenyan general election Uhuru Kenyatta Jubilee Party William Ruto UDA General elections were held in Kenya on Tuesday, 9 August 2022. Voters elected the president , governors, senators , members of the National Assembly , and members of county assemblies. This was the third general election and the fourth presidential one since

2697-506: The Harmonized draft constitution of Kenya written by the Committee of Experts initially released to the public on 17 November 2009 so that the public could debate the document and then parliament could decide whether to subject it to a referendum in June 2010. The public was given 30 days to scrutinize the draft and forward proposals and amendments to their respective members of parliament, after which

2790-608: The Kenyan High Court. In May, 2021, the Kenyan High Court blocked the BBI plan, declaring it irregular, illegal and unconstitutional. The court ruled that the Kenyatta was not eligible to undertake such an amendment process because he was not simply an ordinary citizen—the only people authorized by the constitution to undertake such an effort. The court further chastised President Kenyatta, saying that his BBI constitutional committee

2883-592: The anti-corruption court to forfeit Ksh 202 million to the state after it was determined the funds were proceeds of corruption. On 6 August 2022, all candidates across all elective seats held their final campaigns in different parts of the country. Odinga held his last rally at Moi International Sports Centre ; Ruto at Nyayo in Nairobi and Kirigiti Stadia in Kiambu County ; Wajackoyah and Mwaure in different parts of Nairobi . The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) announced plans to roll out

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2976-467: The ballot papers for affected areas had errors, including pictures for candidates and details. Apart from the mentioned counties and constituencies, IEBC also suspended elections in five wards over candidates' deaths. Voters in the affected areas voted on 23 August 2022. On election day, voting in Eldas Constituency of Wajir County was postponed to 10 August 2022 due to security concerns. This

3069-640: The budgetary allocations to the County Governments. Every Five years the Senate receives recommendations from the Commission of Revenue Allocation (Article 217) and a resolution is passed on the criteria for Revenue allocation. The National Government is constitutionally barred from intruding wilfully with the county government role and function under the Fourth Schedule. Exceptions may require parliamentary approval (Article 191 and 192). The National Government has

3162-509: The changes). The review of the Constitution stalled and negotiations over the adoption of a new text seemed deadlocked. A deadlock only finally broken by the intervention of the African Union through a mediation team headed by Kofi Annan , following the outbreak of serious post-election violence in early 2008. The Constitution of Kenya was the final document resulting from the revision of

3255-532: The city's university, accusing Uhuru Kenyatta of plotting to destroy his political ambitions. At the time of clearance, he had presented a Bachelor of Science in Management certificate from Uganda's Team University , where he alleged he was an external student. On 29 June 2022, the Commission for University Education revoked his degree, pending investigations. The IEBC declined to revoke Sakaja's clearance, stating it can only disqualify him candidate if issued with

3348-489: The closure of polling centers at 5 pm, the electoral commission reported a voter turnout of 12,065,803, equating to 56.17% of registered voters. On 10 August 2022, IEBC announced that 14 million Kenyans, who were identified electronically, had voted bringing the total percentage to 65.4%. Didmus Barasa , the Member of Parliament for Kimilili Constituency , had been accused of shooting dead his rival's security guard and fleeing

3441-512: The commission suspended voter registration to March 2023, attributing the move to the auditing and verification processes that may alter with the timelines set ahead of the elections. IEBC registered all aspirants expected to run for the various elective seats between 29 May and 7 June 2022. William Ruto and Raila Odinga were cleared on 4 and 5 June respectively, in an event that would see them present their nomination papers. In June 2022, reports began to emerge that Sakaja Johnson presented

3534-423: The commission. The four stated that the total percentage exceeded 100%, the results were not processed and analysed by all the commissioners, and that Chebukati did not provide the total numbers of registered voters, votes cast, or rejected ballots. They accused Chebukati of announcing results prematurely, before votes from some counties had been incorporated, and accused Chebukati of exceeding his legal role. This

3627-562: The constitution A three Judge Bench of the High Court has since, in a landmark ruling of a case filed six years ago, declared the inclusion of the Kadhi court illegal and against the principles of non-discrimination, separation of religion and state and constitutionalism. A section of the Muslim leadership vowed to retaliate the ruling by seeking their own judicial declaration that the teaching of Christian religious Education in public school curriculum

3720-401: The corrupt since most of the leaders in the coalition are suspected, accused, or convicted of corruption and other integrity issues. Odinga billed himself and his running mate Karua as liberators who fought for the multiparty system, campaigned for the new regime in 2002 and were proponents of the 2010 constitutional dispensation . On 28 July 2022, Ruto's running mate Gachagua was ordered by

3813-544: The country's most powerful and wealthy Kikuyu lobbies, announced their support for Odinga, while Kenyatta has repeatedly said that the next president will be "neither Kikuyu nor Kalenjin". On 10 December 2021, Odinga declared his intention to run for the presidency for the fifth time. In January 2022, Ruto's United Democratic Alliance (UDA) announced a coalition pact with the Amani National Congress , FORD–Kenya and several other political parties. The new coalition

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3906-415: The debate. The deputy presidential debate that involved four candidates also aired in two sessions: Wamae faced off against Mucheru. Karua and Gachagua duelled in the second tier. An estimated 34 million Kenyans tuned in for the deputy presidential debate; an estimated 18.7 million of those who followed the debate were registered voters. 70% watched the second tier while 5% viewed the first. The hallmark of

3999-413: The detention of Smartmatic International staff. Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) boss George Kinoti released an official statement claiming the two Venezuelan nationals traveled with expired passports, were in possession of 'questionable' material and were on a business trip. The foreigners had stickers that were to be used in the election. IEBC explained that the stickers had information on

4092-514: The economy with higher potential for growth. On June 1 ( Madaraka Day in Kenya), Ruto announced the launch of the "Hustler Group Loan," a secondary product that would distribute loans between KSh  20,000 and KSh  1,000,000. The group loan is only available to conglomerates of at least ten people. That same day, Ruto said that the total amount loaned had surpassed 30 billion shillings. In August 2023, Business Daily Africa reported that 29% of

4185-492: The election results were based on criminal and fraudulent activities, his party agents were barred access to several election sites, technology was used for fraud, and the fraud was preplanned. Several others filed complaints too, claiming for instance that the results were not included in the tallying and verification of the IEBC chairman from 28 constituencies with at least 8% of the votes. On 5 September, Kenya's Supreme Court rejected

4278-407: The election. This table below lists polls completed since Raila Odinga announced that he would enter the race. The results had been scheduled to be announced at 3 pm on 15 August 2022, however, by 5 pm no announcement had been made. Four IEBC commissioners, led by vice chair Juliana Cherera , held a press conference stating that they do not "take ownership" of the results, citing issues with

4371-406: The elections as largely peaceful and transparent. Odinga said he would respect the court verdict, although he still claimed victory. The Constitution of Kenya requires that a general election of members of parliament be held on the second Tuesday of August on every fifth year, which meant that the general election was scheduled for 9 August 2022. If Kenya is at war, the election can be delayed if

4464-461: The final tallying process. The results were announced at 6 pm by IEBC chairman Wafula Chebukati . All candidates except Raila Odinga appeared at the announcement; Odinga's chief agent Saitabao Ole Kanchory announced that Odinga would not appear until his campaign team could verify the results. As Chebukati and other two commissioners made their way into the Bomas of Kenya auditorium, violence erupted in

4557-466: The first batch of ballot papers on 7 July 2022. The ballot papers were printed by a Greek firm known as Inform P Lykos, situated in Athens , which was awarded the tender worth Ksh 3 billion. The Kenya Integrated Election Management System (KIEMS) was used as the primary mode of voter verification, with the manual register used as a supplementary when these KIEMS kits fail. This led to a vast discussion across

4650-444: The first phase of a 30-day mass voter registration exercise beginning 4 October 2021. The exercise targeted between 6 and 7 million new voters. However, with the home stretch of voter registration approaching, the commission raised concerns over its failure to reach its target. On 17 January 2022, the three-week second phase of the mass voter listing targeting 4.5 million voters kicked off, registering low turnout as well. In May 2022,

4743-407: The four dissenting commissioners of trying to force a re-run of the election. Odinga rejected the outcome of the presidential election and announced he would begin a legal challenge. He termed the election a "travesty", "unconstitutional", and "null and void". Odinga also asked for his supporters to refrain from violence. On 22 August, Odinga filed a court challenge to the result. Odinga claimed

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4836-473: The grounds on which citizenship may be taken away. The text has been criticised, however, for not providing sufficient protections against statelessness for children or adults. After the draft of the constitution was released the type of government which would be implemented with the constitution was a debate amongst the various government coalitions. The two major political parties, the Party of National Unity and

4929-818: The interviews, but ultimately appeared for an interview on 10 May 2022. In the Kenya Kwanza camp, several names were rumoured to be possible running mates, namely: Rigathi Gachagua , Kindiki Kithure , Anne Waiguru , Ndindi Nyoro , Justin Muturi and Musalia Mudavadi . In April 2022, Roots Party candidate George Wajackoyah named Justina Wamae, a former candidate for Parliament from Mavoko Constituency , as his running mate. On 15 May 2022, Kenya Kwanza endorsed Rigathi Gachagua as Ruto's running mate. Azimio la Umoja selected Martha Karua as Odinga's running mate on 16 May 2022. The Agano Party 's Waihiga Mwaure selected Ruth Mucheru Mutua as his running mate. Azimio la Umoja

5022-468: The location of the conference that adopted it). However, substantial amendments were nonetheless made to this draft prior to a referendum in 2005, resulting in a split in the then ruling coalition. The Liberal Democratic Party faction of the government, led by Raila Odinga , and supported by KANU led a successful 'No' vote against the amended Bomas Draft (called the Wako draft after the alleged mastermind of

5115-504: The most recent redraft being enabled in 2010. The constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010, officially published on 6 May 2010, and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. The constitution was promulgated on 27 August 2010. Constitutional reforms involving wholly new texts since gaining independence: in 1969 and in 2010. In 1969,

5208-417: The next general election the position of president falls vacant and the office of deputy president is also vacant (who otherwise would assume the office of president), a presidential election could be held at an earlier date. According to the constitution, in such circumstances, an election needs to be held within sixty days after the vacancy arose in the office of president. Incumbent president Uhuru Kenyatta

5301-499: The next presidency) — which would produce an over-sized government that debt-laden Kenya could not afford. Kenyatta created a BBI constitutional committee to present the BBI as a popular initiative , allegedly started by ordinary citizens, as allowed by the Kenyan constitution. A BBI task force gathered five million signatures in support of the proposal. The BBI was reportedly a matter of great political importance to both Kenyatta (who

5394-473: The outstanding loan book was at-risk, meaning borrowers were behind schedule on their repayments. With almost 3 billion shillings worth of loans having defaulted, the default rate on Hustler Fund loans was almost double that of commercial banks. To counter this, Ruto announced that defaulters on the Hustler Loan would be unable to access the larger Hustler Group Loan. Also in August, Kenya entered discussions with

5487-473: The people; increase access to clean water; create "Baba Care", which would focus on social protection and transformation; and upscale health coverage to universal health care . Ruto's UDA and Wajackoyah's Roots Party launched their manifestos on 30 June 2022. Ruto, who intended to apply a "bottom-up economic model", presented a manifesto promising to revive the economy, provide healthcare for all, promote micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME), and implement

5580-432: The petitions and upheld Ruto's victory. Observers had described the elections as largely peaceful and transparent. Odinga said he would respect the court verdict, although he still claimed victory. There was a fake statement shared on Facebook claiming that two local media houses - Royal Media Services and The Standard Group had called the elections in favour of Raila Odinga. According to this fake statement, Raila Odinga

5673-506: The political spectrum on the possibility of KIEMS being subject to manipulation. Some noted that Smartmatic International , the supplier of the digital register, is not short of controversy. On 21 July 2022, three Venezuelan nationals were intercepted at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport with what were believed to be sensitive election materials. IEBC released a statement on their social media platform decrying

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5766-482: The polling station, polling centre, ward, constituency and county. On 28 July 2022, following their public spat, DCI and IEBC ended their row, amicably agreeing that the issue with the stickers had been solved. On 8 August 2022, IEBC suspended the gubernatorial elections in Kakamega and Mombasa counties, as well as the parliamentary polls for Pokot South , Rongai and Kacheliba constituencies. Chebukati noted that

5859-554: The presidency. On 15 March 2022, the UDA and Kenya Kwanza endorsed Ruto as their presidential candidate. Several individuals showed interest in the position of deputy president. Azimio la Umoja held interviews for 10 prospective running mates, namely: Kalonzo Musyoka , Martha Karua , Peter Munya , Sabina Chege , Peter Kenneth , Stephen Kipkiyeny Tarus, Ali Hassan Joho , Wycliffe Oparanya , Lee Kinyanjui and Charity Ngilu . Musyoka, Odinga's two-time running mate, threatened to skip

5952-400: The presidential election was considered a two-horse race between Odinga and Ruto, Wajackoyah gained significant popularity within the electorate due to his radical measures to quell the ballooning public debt. Ruto's Kenya Kwanza proclaimed themselves 'hustlers', calling Odinga a dynasty and a 'project' of the outgoing government. Odinga's Azimio la Umoja branded Kenya Kwanza as an alliance of

6045-418: The promulgation of the 2010 constitution . Incumbent president Uhuru Kenyatta was not eligible for a third term according to the constitution, nor county governors who had served two terms. The 2022 general election saw the lowest number of presidential candidates cleared since the multi-party system was implemented in 1992. Parliamentarians were elected to sit in the 13th Parliament of Kenya . William Ruto

6138-412: The proposed constitution on 1 April 2010. The proposed constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010, officially published on 6 May 2010, and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. The key changes proposed by the new constitution released are in the following areas: Gains achieved The executive at

6231-483: The reform. Non-profits concerned with civil society and other reforms also praised the approach. For example, the Africa director for the International Foundation for Electoral Systems said that "The fact that they are bringing in stakeholders to lend their voice and make recommendations will strengthen civil society because they will keep a close eye on the process and, if it is passed, will ensure that it

6324-611: The reforms set out in the country's Kenya's 2007–2008 election violence and should reaffirm its complete cooperation and commitment to the ICC.". Researchers at the UK-based Overseas Development Institute have praised the 2010 Constitution as a positive step forwards in terms of securing greater equity for women and children in Kenya, highlighting "A new narrative for social justice " and "Institutional reforms to strengthen accountability ". However, they stress that

6417-455: The remaining 60, 47 are reserved for women and are elected from single-member constituencies based on the 47 counties , also using the first-past-the-post system. The remaining 13 seats include 12 nominated by political parties based on their number of seats and a Speaker , elected by the assembly from outside of it as an ex officio member. The nominated members are reserved for youths, persons with disabilities and workers. The 68 members of

6510-401: The scene following the event. Observers described the elections as largely peaceful and transparent. An investigation into a company that has reportedly interfered in elections worked on the 2022 Kenyan election. A strategist working on the campaign of William Ruto claims that his Telegram account had been hacked before the elections, including increased activities. It was revealed that this

6603-536: The seven candidates expected took the stage, namely: Nancy Mwadime of the Usawa kwa Wote Party, Herman Grewal of Safina , Kenneth Nyamwamu of the United Progressive Alliance and independent candidate Esther Thairu. The second tier of the debate, which aired on primetime, put former Nairobi deputy governor Polycarp Igathe against incumbent senator Johnson Sakaja , though the latter arrived 20 minutes late into

6696-415: The three debates, the presidential debate, was the final one, and it was to have Mwaure go against Wajackoyah first, while Odinga and Ruto face off in the second tier. However, Odinga and Wajackoyah dropped out of the presidential debate. Odinga argued that he could not debate with Ruto, whom he accused of having questionable integrity. Wajackoyah's demand to debate with the two main presidential candidates

6789-507: The top most levels will be constituted of a president , deputy president and the Cabinet . The key functions of the President of Kenya are as follows: The Legislative branch is multicameral and will constitute of the following Source: There will be three superior courts: An independent Judicial Service Commission has been set up to handle the appointment of judges. They will recommend

6882-496: The trial impossible. In March 2018, President Kenyatta and his former rival for the presidency, Odinga, stunned the public when they shook hands and declared a truce after post-election violence in 2017 left dozens of people dead. The two leaders also sought to expand the executive through the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) constitutional changes , which would have potentially allowed Kenyatta to stay in power as

6975-401: The venue and the IEBC staff were escorted away. After security personnel resolved the situation, Chebukati made his way to the auditorium and announced the results, naming William Ruto as the president-elect. The following day, 16 August, the dissident IEBC commissioners, Cherera, Francis Wanderi , Irene Masit and Justus Nyang’aya , gave a more detailed explanation of the division within

7068-460: The whole world praised the approach that the Kenyans took to constitutional reform, seeing it as a viable way to keep corruption in check. United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that "I am pleased that they have taken this step, which represents a major milestone." Other United States diplomats also commented on the unity and meaningful intent which Kenyans were presenting in approaching

7161-602: Was after the constituency returning officer was hospitalised after being shot in the leg. The voting exercise was greatly affected by the failure of the KIEMS kits to pick voters' fingerprints. IEBC allowed the use of manual register in parts of Kakamega and Makueni counties after a blight of hitches from the KIEMS kits. Some polling stations opened later than the stipulated time of 6 am, leading to delayed voting. By midday on election day, 6,567,859 voters, constituting 30% of those registered, had cast their ballots. An hour before

7254-469: Was also scheduled amongst the presidential and deputy presidential debates due to it being Kenya's capital. Each of the debates ran in two sessions; the first session involved candidates who stood below 5% in the last three opinion polls, while the second session was between candidates reaching above 5% in the same polls. On 11 July 2022, the first tier of the Nairobi gubernatorial debate took place and four of

7347-507: Was called Kenya Kwanza . In February 2022, Kenyatta's Jubilee party announced that it would join the Azimio la Umoja coalition headed by Odinga, the leader of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). On 12 March 2022, at least 26 political parties, including major political parties Jubilee, Wiper , ODM and KANU , signed a co-operation pact endorsing Raila Odinga's presidential candidature. That same day, Kenyatta publicly endorsed Odinga for

7440-435: Was cleared to vie for Mombasa governor. On 15 July 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that Sonko was duly impeached by the county assembly of Nairobi City, which automatically makes Sonko fail the integrity test to occupy any elective or appointed office. Following the court's decision, IEBC revoked his clearance. By the end of clearance, IBEC gazetted a total of 16,098 candidates contesting 1,882 elective slots. IEBC received

7533-499: Was disputed by the Elections Observations Group , a Kenyan NGO , who stated "The commission's verification process was credible and every critical player was involved with that process – from observers, political party agents, media, body officials ... The commission made data publicly available". Chebukati also defended his announcement by stating that the 100.01% result was attributable to a rounding error, and accused

7626-521: Was done by Tal Hanan, an Israeli businessman who has reportedly interfered in several elections around the world. Hanan also hacked the Telegram and Gmail accounts linked to other advisers working with the Ruto campaign. While the client behind the hacks has not been revealed, Odinga has acknowledged that he hired white hat hackers, or ethical hackers, to uncover evidence to uncover electoral fraud that saw him lose

7719-408: Was due to leave office shortly thereafter) and Odinga (who was expected to run for the presidency), and reportedly bribes of up to $ 1,000 (£700) were given to some members of Parliament to secure support for the BBI. The issue dominated Kenyan politics from 2019 to 2021. The BBI was passed by Kenya's National Assembly and Senate, and was awaiting President Kenyatta's approval when it was challenged in

7812-486: Was elected President of Kenya with 50.5% of the vote, defeating Raila Odinga who received 48.85% of the vote. On 22 August, Odinga filed a petition with the Supreme Court of Kenya challenging the results announced by Wafula Chebukati , the chairman of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission . On 5 September, the Supreme Court rejected the challenge and upheld Ruto's victory. Observers had described

7905-422: Was ended in 1991, and the first presidential election took place in 1992. Calls for a comprehensive review of the 1969 Constitution intensified in the late 1990s and early 2000s, helped by the victory of the opposition National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) party in the 2002 general elections. Official and civil society consultation processes led to the adoption of what became known as the "Bomas draft" constitution (after

7998-451: Was illegal, and the five million signatures it gathered were not proof that it was a true citizen-led initiative, saying: The court added that the president had failed to pass the leadership and integrity test—warning that he could be sued, personally, for his actions. The court's ruling established grounds for impeachment of the president—though the parliament, which passed the bill, was reported unlikely to challenge Kenyatta. Generally

8091-425: Was launched on November 30, 2022. It was announced that the fund would have access to a funding pool of 50 billion shillings (roughly $ 409 million USD) a year over at least five years and would provide individual loans of up to KSh  50,000. Loans were restricted to four types: personal finance, micro loans , small and medium enterprise loans, and start-up loans. Borrowers are charged a flat interest rate of 8%

8184-456: Was leading the 2022 Presidential elections with 51.13% while William Samoei Ruto was at 48.22%. These claims were denounced by the media houses' senior editors and PesaCheck also confirmed that the statement was fake. Constitution of Kenya The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic of Kenya . There have been three significant versions of the constitution, with

8277-479: Was not eligible to pursue a third term due to the two-term limit in the constitution. County governors who had served two terms at the helms of their respective counties were also ineligible for a third term. The President of Kenya is elected using a modified version of the two-round system : to win in the first round, a candidate must receive over 50% of the vote nationally and 25% of the vote in at least 24 of Kenya's 47 counties . If no candidate achieves this,

8370-416: Was not met; though he made his way to the debating venue before storming off. Mwaure and Ruto were featured alone in their respective sessions. In addition to joint presidential debates, individual television stations aired gubernatorial debates from other counties, and a constituency debate. The campaign season officially kicked off on 29 May 2022 as clearance of electoral candidates continued. Although

8463-524: Was revoked, after it emerged his degree was not from a recognized university as required by law. The final list of presidential candidates was; Leading up to the 2022 election, a new political dynamic based on class politics was emerging in Kenya, framed as "hustlers" versus "dynasties". The families of incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta and opposition leader Raila Odinga had dominated Kenyan politics since independence in 1963. Moreover, Kenya has traditionally been ruled by presidents who belong to either

8556-445: Was the first political outfit to launch their manifesto on 6 June 2022. The ten point manifesto voiced key issues such as a corruption-free government . The manifesto came in the form of a declaration and promised to strengthen devolution; economically empower women; waste no single child; spur the economic pillar; facilitate climate-smart agriculture; revamp the manufacturing sector; enact responsible leadership; preserve sovereignty of

8649-435: Was time for the country to move forward and start on a new slate in terms of leadership. He planned to pledge alliance to the constitution; to family, women, youth, persons living with disability, county governments, workers, business owners, the economy, religious institutions and the environment; as well as to the international community. He also promised to recover public monies stashed in offshore accounts as well as dissolve

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