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66-413: The Human Interference Task Force was a team of engineers, anthropologists, nuclear physicists, behavioral scientists and others convened on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy and Bechtel Corp. to find a way to reduce the likelihood of future humans unintentionally intruding on radioactive waste isolation systems. This article about nuclear power and nuclear reactors for power generation

132-837: A Political Action Committee. Outside of North America, the Infrastructure unit's headquarters is located at the company's London office. The Mining & Metals unit is based out of Santiago, Chile, and Brisbane. In 2013, the company established its global center of engineering excellence in Dubai focusing on rail and marine projects. It established innovation centers in Houston and London in 2015 and Santiago in 2018 to test new technology. Bechtel works on global megaprojects through its four business units. The company frequently manages work from design through construction phases. Its corporate values include safety, quality, and ethics. Bechtel

198-435: A cold shoulder response by Bechtel expressing they would simply cut-off water to those who did not pay. Further protests were enhanced when agricultural sectors realized the bylaws allowed Bechtel and the consortium rights to rain water as well, which was assumed to mean they could no longer collect rain water. Violence between protesters and police resulted in the burning of government buildings and hundreds of injured within

264-526: A competitively-bid second contract in January 2004, and completed 97 of 99 task orders of the contract, returning the two remaining projects due to the escalating security concerns in the country. Following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Bechtel was one of four companies hired by FEMA to build temporary housing. Bechtel delivered over 35,000 trailers in under a year for displaced residents in Mississippi , though

330-474: A consortium named "Aguas del Tunari" (Water of Tunari – a local regional term) to file a bid to the city of Cochabamba , Bolivia in 1999. Bechtel was a 27% partner and Abengoa S.A. of Spain was a 25% partner. This bid was in response to the increasing pressure from the World Bank , which had funded and extended water supply projects for the country of Bolivia , to privatize the water utility of Cochabamba. With

396-548: A former Northwestern Pacific Railroad repair yard situated at Richardson's Bay in Marin County , at the north end of Sausalito, California and just three miles (5 km) north of the Golden Gate Bridge . The site was chosen because the shoreline in the vicinity of the proposed shipyard was relatively uncluttered, unlike much of the rest of San Francisco Bay or other major Pacific ports. It had no official name while it

462-427: A mere 33 days, with 28 days on the way and 5 days of fitting out after launch. At its peak, 20,000 workers were employed at Marinship. In the 3½ years that Marinship was active, it launched 15 Liberty ships, 16 fleet oilers, and 62 tankers — a total of 93 ships. The Marinship Shipyards were the site of incidents that provided a key early milestone in the civil rights movement . In 1944 in the case of James v. Marinship

528-897: A new dynamic leaching pad and a mineral handling system. In 2015, the unit completed the Las Bambas copper concentrator in Peru for MMG , the Kitimat aluminum smelter in Canada for Rio Tinto Group ., and the Escondida Organic Growth Project 1 (OGP1), the largest single-line copper concentrator ever built. M&M also completed a third berth for the BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) at Hay Point Coal Terminal in Queensland, Australia, which increased export capacity from

594-1033: A power transmission project in Canada , which included 1,200 new transmission towers and 85 miles (137 km) of transmission lines in 2013. Bechtel completed Phase I of an extension of the Dulles Corridor Metrorail in Northern Virginia and completed the Hamad International Airport in Doha , Qatar, in 2014. Bechtel also completed the world's largest solar thermal project, the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System in California , which began producing power in February 2014. In 2015, Bechtel began work as project manager of

660-604: A result of the Gulf War , Bechtel accepted the task of extinguishing oil well fires in Kuwait in 1991. This fire-suppression project was part of the effort to rebuild the infrastructure of Kuwait. In 1994, Bechtel began work on the US$ 20 billion Hong Kong Airport Core Programme , which was the largest civil engineering project at the time and included a new airport and nine other infrastructure projects. Bechtel's other major projects during

726-487: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This waste -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bechtel Bechtel's business activities began in 1898, when cattle farmer Warren A. Bechtel moved from Peabody, Kansas , to the Oklahoma Territory to construct railroads with his team of mules . Bechtel moved his family frequently between construction sites around

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792-562: Is headquartered in Reston, which also houses the company's global operational headquarters, as well as the headquarters of the Nuclear, Security & Environmental global business unit and the Americas offices of the Infrastructure global business unit. The company's Oil, Gas & Chemicals unit is based in the Houston office. The Washington office is home to the government affairs team, and maintains

858-637: Is intended to serve an estimated 200 million people a year upon completion. As of June 2015, the project is 65% complete. In 2016, Bechtel began construction on the first phase of the Edmonton Valley Line Light Rail Transit project in Alberta , Canada, the first public–private partnership (P3) business group. The company is also involved in several ongoing projects as of 2016, including building national infrastructure in Gabon and supporting

924-545: Is leading a consortium in the engineering, procurement and construction of lines One and Two of the Riyadh, Saudi Arabia metro, which began construction in April 2014. In July 2014, Bechtel was selected to build a new 37-mile motorway linking Kosovo's capital, Pristina , to Macedonia . Bechtel is also participating in the building of London's Crossrail , a $ 24 billion project that will connect commuter towns east and west of London and

990-703: The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system in 1959. Stephen D. Bechtel Jr. took over for his father as president of the company as Stephen Bechtel Sr. retired in 1960. During the 1960s and 1970s, Bechtel was involved in constructing 40% of the nuclear plants in the United States. In 1968, the company completed the largest nuclear plant in the U.S. at the time, the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station , in California. In 1972, Bechtel

1056-468: The California Supreme Court held that African Americans could not be excluded from jobs based on their race, even if the employer took no discriminatory actions. In the case of Joseph James, on whose behalf the suit was brought, the local Boilermakers Union excluded Blacks from membership and had a "closed shop" contract, forbidding the shipbuilder from employing anyone who was not a member of

1122-804: The Experimental Breeder Reactor I in Idaho . The company later built the United States' first privately financed commercial nuclear power plant, the Dresden Generating Station , for Commonwealth Edison in Illinois in 1957. Other major projects in the 1950s included the Trans Mountain Pipeline in 1952, an oil pipeline in Canada , and a preliminary study for the English Channel in 1959. Bechtel also began engineering work on

1188-669: The Houston Galleria area; in 2022 the company announced it would move those offices to Westchase, Houston effective late 2023. The Infrastructure unit handles transportation , power, and hydroelectric facilities. Transportation projects include highways , bridges , rail , and aviation facilities. Bechtel has built more than 17,200 miles (27,700 km) of roadway, 390 power plants, 50 hydroelectric plants, as well as 20 towns and cities globally. It has worked on 300 subway and rail projects, 80 port and harbor projects, and 96 major airport projects. Bechtel's Infrastructure unit

1254-632: The Southeastern U.S. Among completed projects, Bechtel finished a 10.8 miles (17.4 km) four-lane motorway in Kosovo a year ahead of schedule in November 2013. The unit completed the 143 MW Catalina Solar photovoltaic generating facility and the construction of the 250 MW California Valley Solar Ranch in 2013. Bechtel also completed the Hanna Region Transmission Development,

1320-563: The Sydney Metro project. Considered Australia's largest public infrastructure project, the work includes new twin rail tunnels under Sydney Harbour . Bechtel won the contract in August 2017 to design and build a 473-kilometer highway with 19 interchanges linking Nairobi, Kenya's capital, to Mombasa, Kenya's main port. The first section is targeted to open in October 2019 and the entire length of

1386-512: The United States during World War II , created to build the shipping required for the war effort. Founded in 1942, the shipyard built 93 cargo ships and oil tankers, before ending operations in 1945. In early 1942, the demands of World War II resulted in a requirement for greatly increased shipbuilding capacity. To meet this demand, the US shipbuilder W.A. Bechtel Co. decided to build a shipyard at

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1452-625: The western United States for the next several years, eventually moving to Oakland, California , in 1904, where he worked as the superintendent on the Western Pacific Railroad . In 1906, W. A. Bechtel won his first subcontract to build part of the Oroville-to-Oakland section of the Western Pacific Railroad. That year he bought a steam shovel , becoming a pioneer of the new technology. He painted "W.A. Bechtel Co." on

1518-468: The western United States . The company worked on its first hydroelectric projects in the 1920s for Pacific Gas and Electric Company in California . In 1925, Warren, his sons Warren A. Bechtel Jr, Stephen , Kenneth (Ken), and his brother Arthur (Art) joined him to incorporate as W.A. Bechtel Company , which by this time was the leading construction company in the western United States. In 1929, Warren's son, Stephen, urged his father to embark on

1584-962: The 1990s included the Athens Metro system, the Atlantic LNG in Trinidad , the Croatian Motorway , the Jubilee Line Extension for the London Underground , Quezon Power Plant in the Philippines , and a semiconductor plant in China. Bechtel also managed design and construction of facilities for Olympic games: the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics , and the Winter Games in Nagano, Japan in 1998. In

1650-454: The Big Dig became more complex than was originally estimated. Criticism of the project increased in 2005 when a leak sprang in one of the new tunnels. In the summer of 2006, a faulty tunnel ceiling panel collapsed, killing a motorist. Litigation ensued, and in January 2008, Bechtel settled with federal and state officials for $ 352 million with other contractors involved paying smaller amounts. As

1716-578: The Pacific by the Navy triggered the emergency need for even more ships by their customer the Maritime Commission . Using this as their legal reason, the new company took government war powers condemnation actions against local property owners, in order to add the additional land they needed to expand the shipyard. With only two weeks notice, the many residents of Pine Point , a picturesque knoll located along

1782-602: The Rain with actor Gael García Bernal depicts a historical fiction story set in this time. The conflict became known as the Cochabamba Water War . Bechtel's major operational locations are in Brisbane , Calgary , Chandler, Arizona , Dubai , Houston , Knoxville, Tennessee , London , New Delhi , Reston, Virginia , San Francisco , Santiago , Shanghai , Nairobi , Taipei , and Washington, D.C. The company

1848-838: The Toronto-York Spadina subway extension for the Toronto Transit Commission . The project was completed in 2017. Bechtel completed construction of the Stonewall Energy Facility in May 2017. The 778 megawatt natural gas-fired power plant supplies electricity to 778,000 homes in northern Virginia and the Washington, D.C., metro area. Bechtel's work on the Carroll County Energy Facility in Ohio for Advanced Power

1914-594: The War came to an end, black employment also decreased. In July 1945, 20,000 African-American Marinship workers were employed. By September 1945, that number was reduced to 12,000 and by Marinship’s closing, there were almost none. Due to unemployment, racial animosity, redlining , and covenants on title , many African Americans were barred from housing in adjacent white communities and settled in Marin City. With Blacks and other people of color being effectively barred from Sausalito,

1980-579: The company began work on the industrial city of Jubail in Saudi Arabia. The company's multiple construction contracts helped to transform the area from a small village to a city with a population of over a quarter of a million people. In the 1980s, Bechtel handled the project management of the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics . The company also built the Ankara-Gerede Motorway in Turkey as part of

2046-504: The company diversified its projects and expanded its work into other countries. The company also focused on turnkey projects, a concept Stephen Bechtel Sr. pioneered, in which Bechtel handled a project from planning and design through construction. Bechtel's first job outside the U.S. was building the Mene Grande pipeline in Venezuela in 1940. In 1947, Bechtel began construction on what

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2112-610: The company pulled out of the country and later filed suit against Bolivia for $ 25 million in losses. The claim was settled in 2006 for $ 0.30. In 2001, Bechtel began work on the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant at the Hanford site in Washington state . The project is a highly complex plant for the treatment of radioactive liquid waste that has employed new technologies and construction techniques that are

2178-562: The company to bid for a contract to build half of their order of 60 cargo ships. The company had no prior experience in shipbuilding , but bid for the entire 60 ships. Between 1941 and 1945, Bechtel's wartime shipyards, including Marinship and Calship , built 560 vessels. Bechtel also worked on a pipeline from the Yukon to Alaska called Canol for the United States Department of War during this period. Under Stephen Bechtel Sr.,

2244-640: The company was criticized by officials and in the media for the cost and quality of work. In 2007, Bechtel began work on the Romanian A3 motorway (Autostrada Transilvania) and Albanian motorways. Bechtel and the Romanian National Roads Authority jointly agreed on a settlement to end the contract for works on the Autostrada Transilvania in 2013. The Albanian Motorway was opened to traffic in 2010 on schedule. Other major projects at

2310-642: The company's first pipeline project. Bechtel began working with California Standard Oil Company to build pipelines and refineries. In January 1931, Bechtel joined other contractors in the west to form Six Companies, Inc. , a consortium created to bid for a contract from the U.S. government to construct the Hoover Dam . Six Companies won the bid in March and construction began in the summer of 1931. Warren Bechtel died unexpectedly in 1933 while in Moscow on business. He

2376-422: The company's founding, it has built approximately 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of pipeline systems, more than 50 major oil and gas field developments, and completed over 380 major chemical and petrochemical projects. The unit also constructs and tests tanks for LNG storage. Bechtel has built a third of the world's LNG liquefaction capacity. Marinship Marinship Corporation was a shipbuilding company of

2442-448: The continuous development of Jubail industrial city in Saudi Arabia. Bechtel has worked at Jubail for more than 40 years, and was granted a five-year extension on both projects June 2016. In February 2017, Bechtel was chosen to support setting up and operating Saudi Arabia's National Project Management Office. In May 2017, Bechtel was appointed the delivery management partner for the tunnels and stations excavation package of Stage 2 of

2508-441: The early 2000s, the company provided planning and management services for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . In 2001, Bechtel was part of a consortium to project manage the US$ 4.3 billion construction of the CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals Complex in China . Several projects in the 2000s attracted controversy. In 2000, after a protest against water prices being raised by a utility partially owned by Bechtel in Bolivia ,

2574-411: The edge of the bay, were forcibly evicted by 28 March 1942. About 42 homes and buildings were removed. At least 12 homes avoided demolition by being rapidly moved elsewhere in Sausalito before the rest were razed and Pine Point was dynamited. Records show that an estimated 838,763 cubic yards (641,280 m ) of earth and rock were excavated from Pine Point, Waldo Point and nearby areas. The resulting fill

2640-446: The end of the 2000s included the twinning of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington state, Jamnagar Refinery expansion in India , Equatorial GuineaLNG , and Oak Creek Power Plant in Wisconsin . After years of unreliable water supply and 40% water loss in the city of Cochabamba , Bolivia, the World Bank pressured Bolivia to put SEMAPA (the Cochabamba water utility) up for auction without funding. Bechtel and others formed

2706-547: The engineering, procurement, and construction of a water system and desalination plant for the Escondida copper mine in Chile in 2018. The Bechtel-Techint joint venture team built a dual 112-mile-long pipeline to carry desalinated water from the Pacific Coast across the Atacama Desert to the Escondida copper mine approximately 10,000 feet above sea level in the Andes . The Energy unit designs and builds liquefied natural gas (LNG), oil , pipeline , petrochemicals , natural gas , and water treatment facilities. Since

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2772-426: The existing 44 Mtpa to 55 Mtpa. Bechtel began building the Al Taweelah alumina refinery (formerly Shaheen) in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates for Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) in 2015. In April 2016, Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) announced that Bechtel had been appointed engineering, procurement, and construction management (EPCM) contractor for the company's Line 6 Expansion Project. The initiative will make Alba

2838-492: The first days of the conflict. The local governments of Manfred Reyes Villa (mayor) and Jose Pepe Orias (prefect or governor) resigned. The contract was ultimately abandoned, for which Bechtel in February 2021 demanded settlement. The aftermath of the violence was destruction of public property in downtown Cochabamba paid for by taxpayers, the death of one civilian, restitution by the government, and hundreds of injured police, military personnel, and protestors. A movie titled Even

2904-444: The first of their kind. As of 2013, it is considered the most complex project in the US. Management of the project has been the subject of controversy including the Department of Energy 's Inspector General reports and Government Accountability Office studies regarding rising costs, nuclear safety and quality, and whistleblower allegations. For example, in 2013 the DOE Inspector General concluded that "Bechtel determined that there

2970-515: The highway is scheduled to be complete in 2024. In 2018, Bechtel's work on the Panda Power Funds ' 1.1 GW natural gas Hummel Station Power Plant in Pennsylvania was completed. Bechtel is also working on a project for Advanced Power, the Cricket Valley Energy Center in New York . Bechtel is also building the Keeyask Generating Station, a hydroelectric power plant for Manitoba Hydro in Manitoba , Canada. The Infrastructure unit had also worked on projects for Google Fiber in several markets in

3036-477: The main portion of San Francisco Bay. Creating this channel required the removal of 3,000,000 cubic yards (2,300,000 m ) of bay mud. In a related effort, the creation of Marin City , adjacent to the north end of the shipyard and just across Highway 1 , was brought about by the need for the rapid construction of guest worker housing. Housing for 6,000 was created in Marin City, along with supporting schools, stores and churches. Workers eager to take advantage of

3102-462: The membership offered to Negroes is discriminatory and unequal.” The Court extended the ruling to apply explicitly to all unions and all workers in California. After the end of World War II the shipyards were decommissioned almost as rapidly as they had been built, taking with them almost all of the jobs that so many had moved to the Bay Area to take during the war. This especially impacted the African-American Community. Marinship closed in May 1946. As

3168-443: The network of roadways linking Europe and Asia in 1986. In 1987, Bechtel was awarded a contract for project management services of an undersea tunnel linking the UK and France called the Channel Tunnel or "Chunnel". The tunnel was completed in 1994. The recession of the 1980s turned the company's focus toward new areas of growth including environmental cleanup and alternative energy projects. In 1989 Riley P. Bechtel

3234-412: The rapid construction of the 210-acre (0.85 km ) shipyard, 2,000 workers worked in shifts around the clock. Approximately 26,000 pilings were driven into the bay mud to create the shipways and to support the new warehouses and fabrication workshops. A 300-foot (91 m) wide by 1.5-mile (2.4 km) long deepwater ship channel was dredged in Richardson Bay to allow the newly launched vessels to reach

3300-480: The side of the steam shovel, effectively establishing Bechtel as a company, although it was not yet incorporated. Bechtel completed work on a series of railroad contracts during the early 1900s, culminating in an extension of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad finished in 1914. Starting with the construction of Klamath River Highway in California in 1919, Bechtel ventured into jobs other than building railroads. The company built roads, bridges, and highways throughout

3366-436: The strings attached in 1995, and the World Bank participating in draft bids in 1997, the Aguas del Tunari consortium were the only bidders for the auction. The bid was accepted, under pressure of the World Bank and the conditions of their loans to Bolivia. The terms were ratified in the often-cited Law 2029 by the legislative body of Bolivia, however largely it had previously been accepted and influenced by local governments. Under

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3432-460: The terms, Bechtel and the consortium immediately raised water pricing 35% and after the first month they had raised the price for water to the residents by almost 60% and in other parts much higher. The Bechtel consortium contract claimed harvesting of rainwater violated its contract essentially monopolizing the supply of water to millions of people. Water became one fifth of the average person's expenses and protests erupted. Protests were met with

3498-406: The union. African American workers could join an auxiliary of the union, which offered access to fewer jobs at lower pay. Future US Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall successfully argued the case, winning a ruling that the union be required to offer equal membership to African Americans. The matter was finally resolved by the Supreme Court in 1945, finding that it was “readily apparent that

3564-439: The unit completed construction of Saudi Arabia 's first aluminum smelter in Ras Al-Khair , the Daunia coal mine in Queensland, Australia, and the expansion of the Kooragang Coal Terminal in Port Waratah in Australia, increasing capacity to 145 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa). In 2014, M&M completed the Caval Ridge coal mine in Queensland, and began operations at Escondida's OLAP copper cathode project, which consisted of

3630-478: The well-paying wartime jobs, flocked to the West Coast from all over the United States to work at the various shipyards, including Marinship. After only three months from the onset of construction on the shipyard, the first ship keel was laid for the Liberty ship William A. Richardson on 27 June 1942. Five Liberty ships had been launched from Marinship by the first anniversary of the declaration of war. The Liberty ship, designed as an "emergency" type cargo ship,

3696-442: The world's largest single-site aluminum smelter upon completion, boosting production to 1.5 Mtpa. That same month, Rio Tinto announced that Kitimat had reached full production levels of 420,000 tonnes per annum, while Las Bambas achieved commercial production in July 2016. As of 2016, Bechtel is advancing the Amrun bauxite initiative for Rio Tinto in Australia, which announced project approval in November 2015. Bechtel completed

3762-424: Was 441 feet (134 m) long and 56 feet (17 m) abeam. President Roosevelt nicknamed them his "ugly ducklings." After 15 Liberty ships were launched at Marinship, the shipyard was retooled to produce the larger T2-SE-A2 tankers, which were 523.5 feet (159.6 m) long, and 68 feet (21 m) abeam. On 16 June 1945, Marinship set a world record by constructing and delivering the tanker SS Huntington Hills in

3828-404: Was a systemic problem and a breakdown in controls over the review of design changes", but that the company had taken steps to correct the problems. In 2003, Bechtel won a $ 680 million contract to begin rebuilding infrastructure in Iraq for U.S. Agency for International Development . The contract led to the company being accused of both non-competitive bidding and war profiteering . Bechtel won

3894-683: Was also completed in 2017. In 2018, the unit completed a new air passenger terminal in Muscat , Oman. In May 2022, Bechtel was hired to update the Vision 2041 plan for Shannon Foynes Port in Ireland. The Mining & Metals (M&M) unit works on projects related to the mining and production of materials such as aluminum , coal , copper , iron ore , alumina and other metals and minerals. The unit operates on six continents and has completed hundreds of major mining projects as well as more than 1,000 mining studies. It has also finished 42 major copper projects, 30 aluminum smelters , 15 major coal projects, and eight alumina refinery projects. In 2013,

3960-469: Was being built but was referred to as the "Marin Shipbuilding Division of W.A. Bechtel Company" and that lengthy title was shortened to Marin-Ship or what known today as "Marinship" with a street in Sausalito named Marinship Way. Six ship launching ways were planned, but the old repair yard, purchased from Southern Pacific Railroad , and located at the base of Spring Street, was found to have inadequate space to accommodate this need. The loss of some ships in

4026-408: Was involved in approximately 20% of all of the United States' new power-generating capacity. By the end of the decade, the company had moved from nuclear power construction toward nuclear cleanup projects, including Three Mile Island in 1979. Bechtel completed work on other megaprojects during the 1970s, including major airports in Saudi Arabia and the metro rail in Washington, D.C. In 1976,

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4092-432: Was named president of the company. In 1991, Bechtel, in a joint venture with Parsons Brinckerhoff , broke ground on Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project or " Big Dig ", a project the company had been in charge of since 1986. The Big Dig was, at the time, the largest and most complex urban transportation project ever undertaken in the US. The 20-year project was critiqued for rising costs and increasing scope of work, as

4158-431: Was spread using heavy equipment across the shoreline and tidal mudflats to create new land on which the various buildings of the shipyard were rapidly constructed. Some of these buildings are still in use today, including the Industrial Center Building (ICB) at 480 Gate Five Road (originally the Yard Office and Mold Loft Building) and the Schoonmaker Building at 10 Libertyship Way (originally the General Shop). To accomplish

4224-417: Was succeeded by his oldest son, Warren A. Bechtel Jr., first, then later Stephen Bechtel Sr. , who became both the head of Bechtel and chief executive of the Hoover Dam project. Under his leadership, the Hoover Dam was finished in 1935. The project was the largest of its kind in U.S. history at the time and Bechtel's first megaproject . During World War II , the United States Maritime Commission invited

4290-524: Was the presenting sponsor of "Dream Big: Engineering Our World", a 42-minute IMAX documentary produced by MacGillivray Freeman Films in partnership with American Society of Civil Engineers. The documentary seeks to inspire young people to pursue engineering careers. Bechtel opened its welding and applied technology center in 2017 in the Houston Energy Corridor to train welding and construction workers. The center also provides virtual training and augmented reality to train workers. Its Houston offices were in

4356-432: Was then the world's longest oil pipeline, the Trans-Arabian Pipeline , which began in Saudi Arabia , ran across Jordan and Syria , and ended in Lebanon , followed by the Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline from Kirkuk, also to the Mediterranean. The company continued to expand globally throughout the 1940s, particularly in the Middle East . In 1949, Bechtel began working with nuclear power after being contracted to build

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