52-410: Hum Kisise Kum Naheen ( transl. We are not less than anyone ) is a 1977 Indian masala film produced and directed by Nasir Hussain . It stars Rishi Kapoor , Tariq , Kaajal Kiran , and Amjad Khan , with Zeenat Aman in a special appearance. It took the third top spot at the box office in 1977. Mohammed Rafi received his only National Film Award for this film. The story begins with
104-686: A "masala" movie, due to the way the film combines "familiar raw ingredients into a feverish masala" and culminates in "the romantic leads finding each other." This is due to the influence of the Bollywood masala genre on the film. According to Loveleen Tandan , Slumdog Millionaire screenwriter Simon Beaufoy "studied Salim-Javed's kind of cinema minutely." The influence of Bollywood masala films can also be seen in Western musical films . Baz Luhrmann stated that his successful musical film Moulin Rouge! (2001)
156-513: A dramatic discourse of melodrama . The Parsi plays contained crude humour, melodious songs and music, sensationalism and dazzling stagecraft." A major foreign influence was Hollywood , where musicals were popular from the 1920s to the 1950s, though Indian filmmakers departed from their Hollywood counterparts in several ways. "For example, the Hollywood musicals had as their plot the world of entertainment itself. Indian filmmakers, while enhancing
208-503: A few characteristics make it. The first is the setup of the film. When watching any masala movie, there is this incorporation of elaborate set design, choreographed musical dances, colorful visuals, and costumes. This can be attributed to how India likes to set their emotions through Natyashastra . This book describes the sacred idea of performance art. According to the book Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema , Indian films have their roots in an old Indian Aesthetics theory, which
260-529: A fight at the country border, in which all of Saudagar's daicots are defeated, Sanjay gets shot by Saudagar. After threatening Kajal, Sanjay, who is alive, shoots Saudagar dead before the police save them. Sanjay and Kajal become a couple, as do Rajesh and his ex, who escaped from her own wedding to be with him. The soundtrack, composed by R. D. Burman and lyrics written by Majrooh Sultanpuri , featured nine original songs, with vocals supplied by Mohammed Rafi , Kishore Kumar , Asha Bhosle , Sushma Shreshta , and
312-405: A profound influence on the thought and imagination of Indian popular cinema, particularly in its narratives. Examples of this influence include the techniques of a side story , back-story and story within a story . Indian popular films often have plots that branch off into sub-plots; such narrative dispersals can clearly be seen in the 1993 films Khalnayak and Gardish . The second influence
364-412: A rich businessman named Kishorilal. A few years ago when motherless Kajal's father Kishorilal was in a deep financial crisis, Sanjay's father gave shelter to him, who has now become extremely rich. The promise of getting Sanjay and Kajal married is forgotten when Kishorilal insults them and forgets the promise that was made years previously. Almost immediately, Kishorilal is chased by goons who are after
416-507: A wealthy man selling his entire estate in Africa , converting it to diamonds. He carries them in a belt and takes a flight to India. On the way, he suffers a fatal heart attack in the washroom, whilst in the throes of which, he requests a co-passenger to deliver the belt with diamonds to his son, Rajesh, who works in Ashoka Hotel, Delhi, as a singer-dancer-entertainer. The co-passenger happens to be
468-545: Is a copycat of the Western, it cannot be denied that the Western strongly influences Indian cinema , specifically the masala genre. After the rise of the curry western, the masala genre moved away from Western tropes. However, it does not stop masala films from borrowing ideas from Hollywood. This idea can be seen during the 80s and 90s in Bollywood movies like Akele Hum Akele Tum (1995), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Koi... Mil Gaya (2003), Darr (1993), and Chalte Chalte (2003). All these movies have in common that it
520-466: Is a remake of Hollywood classics. The thing about these films that Hollywood inspires is that they are not parodying or blatantly copied; they borrow those details to craft their own story. This idea is known as glocalization . Rashna Wadia Richards, an associate professor and Chair of Film and Media Studies at Rhodes College , coins this term in her paper "(Not) Kramer vs. Kumar: The Contemporary Bollywood Remake as Glocal Masala Film," where she discusses
572-600: Is an inspired Western movie. The film associated the most with the masala genre, Sholay , also has roots in Western ideology. These films are known as curry Western or masala Western - "a cycle of Indian films that began in the early 1970s which borrowed and recombined tropes from American Westerns, Italian Westerns , Japanese Sword films, and the South Asian 'dacoit' (bandit) films, among other influences". However, these films have been criticized as cheap copies of Westerns. One of
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#1732902791393624-478: Is from their debut album, The ABBA Generation (1999). Upon its release, it became a smash hit in Sweden, where it peaked at number one and stayed there for eight consecutive weeks, earning a quadruple platinum certification . On initial pressings of the single, the name of the group appeared as ABBA-Teens, but Stockholm Records thought it would be better to change the name of the band to A-Teens, so new pressings of
676-495: Is named after the masala , a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine . According to The Hindu , masala is the most popular genre of Indian cinema. Masala films have origins in the 1970s and are common in every major film industry in India. Production of these films is still active in the mid-2020s. Even though a masala film does not have a specific genre or plot that defines the style,
728-469: Is that they "are typically longer than Western films , with runtimes of two to three hours or more". The reason is also the same as the theme of family. Due to its being inspired by epics and the Indian Aesthetics theory, the scale of the story must be significant. It represents the lavish sets and the time they occupied in the audience's eye. According to several critics and scholars, the masala film
780-551: Is the Natyashastra , where they use the concepts of rasa and bhava to explain how emotions work. Rasa translates as "flavor". Bhava translates as to become or, in this case, the emotion and mood one is feeling. Rasa has nine flavors: love, humor, wonder, courage, calmness, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust. In writing, without rasa, no bhava means without the flavor; it is emotionless. Two primary bhava are Sthayi (permanent) and Vyabichari (transitory). "A central premise of
832-462: Is through plots. This concept is one of the main pillars of Aristotle's Poetics when he said that the story is like the soul of a tragedy . To make a compelling story, there is this idea in Aristotle's Poetics : catharsis or emotional release. Emotional release from the audience watching a play or act and expressing their most profound feeling. Emotional release tends to happen at the climax of
884-1161: Is used often in Hindi ( Bollywood ) and South Indian films , as it helps make them appeal to a broad variety of viewers. Famous masala filmmakers include David Dhawan , Rohit Shetty , Anees Bazmee and Farah Khan in Bollywood ; Shaji Kailas and Joshiy in Mollywood ; Shakti Samanta , Pijush Bose , Prabhat Roy , Raj Chakraborty , Srijit Mukherji , Rabi Kinagi , Anjan Chowdhury , Swapan Saha , Haranath Chakraborty , Raja Chanda , Sujit Mondal and Rajiv Kumar Biswas in Bengali cinema ; K. Raghavendra Rao , S. S. Rajamouli , Puri Jagannadh , Trivikram Srinivas , Boyapati Srinu and Srinu Vaitla in Telugu cinema ; S. Shankar , Hari , Siruthai Siva , Pandiraj , AR Murugadoss , K. V. Anand , N. Lingusamy and K. S. Ravikumar in Tamil cinema ; and in Kannada cinema it
936-580: The Mahabharata and the Ramayana . Their narratives easily play out over several centuries or even millennia, featuring the family lives of dynasties both divine and mortal". That is why, in Masala, family plays an integral part in the plot. Also, because of the use of epics, there is this marvelous feeling of fiction in the film that the audience does not experience in real life. The third characteristic of Masala films
988-1227: The 1970s and 1980s, such as Dharmendra , Jeetendra , Amitabh Bachchan , Sridevi achieved stardom in their early Bollywood careers with masala movies. Since the 1990s, actors such as Sunny Deol , Aamir Khan , Shah Rukh Khan , Salman Khan (Salim Khan's son), Akshay Kumar and Ajay Devgn in Bollywood ; Uttam Kumar , Ranjit Mallick , Mithun Chakraborty , Victor Banerjee , Chiranjeet Chakraborty , Prosenjit Chatterjee , Jeet , Dev and Ankush Hazra in Bengali cinema ; M.G. Ramachandran , Rajinikanth , Kamal Haasan , Ajith Kumar , Vijay , Suriya Sivakumar , Vikram , Dhanush , Raghava Lawrance , Sivakarthikeyan , in Kollywood ; NTR , Krishna , Chiranjeevi , Mahesh Babu , Allu Arjun , Jr. NTR , Balakrishna , Prabhas , Nagarjuna , Ram Charan Tej , Venkatesh and Pawan Kalyan in Tollywood ; Jayan , Mohanlal , Mammootty , Jayaram , Dileep , and Prithviraj Sukumaran in Mollywood ; Rajkumar , Vishnuvardhan , Ambareesh , Darshan , Puneeth Rajkumar , Sudeep and Yash in Kannada cinema and others have all experienced success in this format. This style
1040-781: The Australian public, peaking at 72 on the ARIA Singles Chart , although it did reach number 13 in New Zealand. In the United States, the single peaked at 63 on the Billboard Hot Single Sales Chart, becoming the band's first single to chart in the country. The accompanying music video was directed by Henrik Sylvén and was filmed in Sweden. It shows the A-Teens as waiters at an art exposition, and they are suppressed by
1092-510: The B-side was the instrumental "Intermezzo Number 1". ABBA's British label Epic selected "Tropical Loveland" as the B-side for the UK release, believing another vocal track, especially one showcasing ABBA in a different musical style, would better promote the parent album. In 2017, Billboard ranked "Mamma Mia" number seven on their list of the 15 greatest ABBA songs, and in 2021, Rolling Stone ranked
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#17329027913931144-648: The Top 10 in the British market, their first hit since "Waterloo". "Mamma Mia" soon followed, reaching number one in the UK Singles Chart in January 1976, the second of ABBA's 18 consecutive Top 10 singles there. Record World said that "the reason [the song is a worldwide smash] should be self-explanatory after just one listen." The B-side for the Australian release of "Mamma Mia" was "Hey, Hey Helen". In most other countries
1196-424: The album to have a music video made to promote the album. Initially, however, "Mamma Mia" was never intended for release as a single. Around this time, many artists were recording ABBA songs (such as " Honey, Honey " and " Bang a Boomerang "). ABBA offered "Mamma Mia" to British pop group Brotherhood of Man , who turned it down. " I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do " topped the Australian charts for three weeks; however,
1248-538: The bike before Kishorilal can see who he is. Saudagar Singh is actually the one on whose behalf those goons were after the diamonds. His plans having been thwarted as described above, Saudagar Singh and his partner Baljit Kumar Dana set a trap for Rajesh telling a false story to him about Kishorilal having kidnapped Saudagar Singh's son, Ramesh. Taken in by their story, Rajesh hatches a plot to spirit away Kishorilal's daughter, Kajal, by pretending to be in love with her, and, once he has her in her clutches, to thereby extorting
1300-481: The borrowing element of Hollywood movies because Hollywood movies are the standard of world cinema . Mamma Mia (ABBA song) " Mamma Mia " is a song by the Swedish pop group ABBA , written by Benny Andersson , Björn Ulvaeus and Stig Anderson , with the lead vocals shared by Agnetha Fältskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad . It is the opening track on the group's third album, the self-titled ABBA (1975). The song
1352-416: The competition, which include "Chand Mera Dil, Chandini Ho Tum", "Ae Dil Kya Mehfil Hai Tere Kadmon Mein", "Tum Kya Jaano Mohabbat Kya Hai", and "Mil Gaya Humko Saathi." This film was released at a time when the Swedish pop group ABBA were at the peak of their popularity all over the world, including in India. One of their songs " Honey Honey " was featured in the movie, playing in the background just before
1404-584: The composer himself. Popular songs include " Bachna Ae Haseeno ", sung by Kumar and picturized on Kapoor, whose title inspired a film of the same name produced by Yash Raj Films in 2008, starring his son Ranbir Kapoor , and "Kya Hua Tera Vada", which won Rafi both the Filmfare Award and the National Film Award for the Best Male Playback Singer. The leads perform a medley of songs in
1456-509: The diamonds back from Kishorilal. Sanjay becomes Manjeet's manager and Sanjay also pretends to fall in love with Kajal, who is in love with her childhood love, Sanjay. They meet once before the scheme is discovered by Rajesh. There is a series of meetings between the Rajesh and Kajal. Saudagar uses Manjeet to get the diamonds himself in the climax, who brings them along with Kajal. However, she gets rescued by Rajesh and Sanjay, who escape with her. After
1508-411: The diamonds. He escapes them temporarily and flies to Delhi, but finds them waiting for him as he exits the airport. Running from them, he enters a cycle shed (a parking place for bicycles), stashes the belt in the toolbox of a bicycle, and hides out of sight. The bicycle belongs to Sanjay Kumar, who is unaware that his bicycle has 25 crore rupees worth of diamonds hidden in its toolbox, and rides away with
1560-487: The earliest example, but distinguishes them from modern masala films. After Yaadon Ki Baaraat , Salim-Javed went on to write more successful masala films in the 1970s and 1980s. A landmark for the masala film genre was Amar Akbar Anthony (1977), directed by Manmohan Desai and written by Kader Khan . Manmohan Desai went on to successfully exploit the genre in the 1970s and 1980s. Sholay (1975), directed by Ramesh Sippy and written by Salim-Javed, also falls under
1612-448: The elements of fantasy so pervasive in Indian popular films, used song and music as a natural mode of articulation in a given situation in their films. There is a strong Indian tradition of narrating mythology, history, fairy stories and so on through song and dance." In addition, "whereas Hollywood filmmakers strove to conceal the constructed nature of their work so that the realistic narrative
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1664-448: The entertainment and production values of the former with the believable narratives and strong messages of the latter, earning both commercial success and critical acclaim, in India and overseas. While the masala film genre originated from Bollywood films in the 1970s, there have been several earlier influences that have shaped its conventions. The first was the ancient Indian epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana which have exerted
1716-468: The idea that masala films "borrow from, and transform a range of texts, neither fully rejecting 'local' Hindi cinematic traditions nor wholly imitating dominant 'global' Hollywood conventions." The reason for masala film being glocalized is that the world is becoming more globalized and that everyone has the opportunity to watch movies that do not originate from their own area. Watching with similar themes or devices will help people to watch those movies, hence
1768-425: The manager; but soon they discover that one of the paintings transports them to a party where the manager and patrons he is helping also join in on the fun. Shipments figures based on certification alone. "Mamma Mia" was recorded by Meryl Streep for the soundtrack of Mamma Mia! . Her version was released on 8 July 2008 alongside the rest of the soundtrack, by Decca and Polydor Records . It
1820-476: The masala genre is that viewers derive pleasure by being taken through a series of moods or emotional states: being angry or disgusted with the villains; being moved (often to tears) by some sort of loss, usually death; laughing at a clownish character; being amazed or seduced by elaborate song sequences; and being happy for the couple and their eventual union". However, in the West, the way emotions are built up in stories
1872-444: The masala genre. It is sometimes called a " Curry Western ", a play on the term " Spaghetti Western ". A more accurate genre label is the " Dacoit Western ", as it combined the conventions of Indian dacoit films such as Mother India (1957) and Gunga Jumna (1961) with that of Spaghetti Westerns. Sholay spawned a subgenre of "Dacoit Western" films in the 1970s. Masala films helped establish many leading actors as superstars in
1924-547: The promo clip for "Mamma Mia" proved the more popular after repeat screenings on Australian television, notably on the show Countdown . ABBA's Australian record company, RCA, asked that "Mamma Mia" be released as a single but Polar Music refused, preferring them to release " SOS " first. However, Stig Anderson agreed to this; "Mamma Mia" was released in Australia in August 1975, where it spent 10 weeks at number one. Cash Box said
1976-543: The significant influences of Indian cinema is Western film . Since the release of The Great Train Robbery (1903) , the first Western movie ever created, Western has become the genre that defines American cinema . Due to its nature and characteristics, it appeals to the US and the international audience. Westerns are spreading in Bollywood films, specifically in the Masala film genre. The first masala movie, Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973),
2028-471: The single was "an example of [ABBA's] excellent musical taste," stating that the "tune is upbeat, with characteristically varied textures." After this success in Australia, Epic Records in the United Kingdom took notice of ABBA for the first time since their Eurovision Song Contest winner " Waterloo ". From then on, Epic began to heavily promote ABBA's singles with the immediate result of "SOS" reaching
2080-716: The single were made. The single reached the top 20 in several European countries, reaching number three in Norway, number nine in Switzerland and the Netherlands, number 10 in Germany, number 12 in the United Kingdom, and number 14 in Austria and Finland. A Spanish version of the song was recorded for promotion in Latin America and Spain. Despite the worldwide success, the song failed to attract
2132-612: The song "Kya Hua Tera Wada" begins. The song "Mil Gaya Humko Saathi" that is sung by Kajal during the competition is heavily inspired from the ABBA smash hit song " Mamma Mia ." Masala film Masala films of Indian cinema are those that blend multiple genres into one work. Masala films emerged in the 1970s and are still being created as of the 2020s. Typically these films freely blend action , comedy , romance , and drama , or melodrama . They also tend to be musicals , often including songs filmed in picturesque locations. The genre
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2184-454: The song number five on their list of the 25 greatest ABBA songs. As of September 2021, it is ABBA's seventh-biggest song in the UK with 860,000 chart sales (pure sales and digital streams). Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. Swedish pop group A-Teens released their version of "Mamma Mia" as their debut single on 30 April 1999 through Stockholm Records . It
2236-417: The start of the song is the marimba . According to biographer Carl Magnus Palm, the instrument was incorporated at the last minute, added after Benny Andersson found it in the studio and decided its "tick tock" rhythm was perfect for the track. "Mamma Mia" was written at the home of Agnetha Fältskog and Björn Ulvaeus , and was the last track recorded for the album ABBA . It was one of four songs from
2288-465: The story. When watching Masala film, it is like riding a rollercoaster. Every feeling on the spectrum of emotion, like anger or happiness, is portrayed in a Masala film. The second characteristic is the theme. Even though Masala does not have an exact plot or genre, specific themes pop up in the film, like myth, legends, or family. These themes exist because "Masala films are firmly rooted in Hindu epics such as
2340-474: The two writers who wrote Sholay (1975), Javed Akhtar , addresses these allegations in his book, Talking Life: Javed Akhtar in Conversation with Nasreen Munni Kabir , by stating, "Some people said the influence of Sergio Leone was very strong. Yes, that was true. We loved his films, and he did influence us, but other films impacted us too". Even though this quote will still not sway the critics to say his movie
2392-420: Was V. Somashekhar and K. S. R. Das in the 1970s; A. T. Raghu and Joe Simon in the 1980s; K. V. Raju , Om Prakash Rao and Shivamani in the 1990s; and K. Madesh and A. Harsha in the 2000s. Beyond Indian cinema, Danny Boyle 's Academy Award –winning film Slumdog Millionaire (2008), based on Vikas Swarup 's Boeke Prize winning novel Q & A (2005), has been described by several reviewers as
2444-417: Was directly inspired by Bollywood musicals. Aamir Khan (Nasir Hussain's nephew), who debuted as a child actor in the first masala film Yaadon Ki Baraat , has been credited for redefining and modernising the masala film with his own distinct brand of socially conscious cinema in the early 21st century. His films blur the distinction between commercial masala films and realistic parallel cinema , combining
2496-409: Was pioneered in the early 1970s by filmmaker Nasir Hussain , along with screenwriter duo Salim–Javed , consisting of Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar . Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973), directed by Hussain and written by Salim-Javed, has been identified by many as the first masala film. However, critic S. Shankar has claimed Tamil cinema had earlier masala dosa films, citing Parasakthi (1952) as
2548-509: Was released in September 1975 as its sixth single. It tells the story of the narrator's on-again, off-again relationship with a lover who is repeatedly unfaithful to her. The song's name is derived from Italian and literally translates as "my mother", but is used as an interjection ( Mamma mia! ) in situations of surprise, anguish, or excitement. The song was ABBA's first number one in the UK since " Waterloo " in 1974. The distinctive sound at
2600-434: Was the impact of ancient Sanskrit drama , with its highly stylized nature and emphasis on spectacle, where music , dance and gesture combined "to create a vibrant artistic unit with dance and mime being central to the dramatic experience." Sanskrit dramas were known as natya , derived from the root word nrit (dance), characterizing them as spectacular dance-dramas which has continued in Indian cinema. The third influence
2652-610: Was the traditional folk theatre of India , which became popular from around the 10th century with the decline of Sanskrit theatre. These regional traditions include the Jatra of Bengal , the Ramlila of Uttar Pradesh , and the Terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu . The fourth influence was Parsi theatre , which "blended realism and fantasy , music and dance, narrative and spectacle, earthy dialogue and ingenuity of stage presentation, integrating them into
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#17329027913932704-462: Was wholly dominant, Indian filmmakers did not attempt to conceal the fact that what was shown on the screen was a creation, an illusion , a fiction . However, they demonstrated how this creation intersected with people's day-to-day lives in complex and interesting ways." During the 1970s, commercial Bollywood films drew from several foreign influences, including New Hollywood , Hong Kong martial arts cinema , and Italian exploitation films . One of
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