Progressivism in the United States is a left-leaning political philosophy and reform movement. Into the 21st century, it advocates policies that are generally considered social democratic and part of the American Left . It has also expressed itself within center-right politics, such as progressive conservatism . It reached its height early in the 20th century. Middle / working class and reformist in nature, it arose as a response to the vast changes brought by modernization , such as the growth of large corporations, pollution , and corruption in American politics. Historian Alonzo Hamby describes American progressivism as a "political movement that addresses ideas, impulses, and issues stemming from modernization of American society. Emerging at the end of the nineteenth century, it established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century."
92-429: HuffPost ( The Huffington Post until 2017, itself often abbreviated as HuffPo ) is an American progressive news website, with localized and international editions. The site offers news, satire, blogs, and original content, and covers politics, business, entertainment, environment, technology, popular media, lifestyle, culture, comedy, healthy eating, young women's interests, and local news featuring columnists. It
184-550: A "passion for efficiency" as he streamlined state government. Corruption represented a source of waste and inefficiency in the government. William Simon U'Ren in Oregon, Robert M. La Follette in Wisconsin and others worked to clean up state and local governments by passing laws to weaken the power of machine politicians and political bosses. In Wisconsin, La Follette pushed through an open primary system that stripped party bosses of
276-551: A "stand-alone business" within AOL, taking control of more of its own business and advertising operations, and directing more effort towards securing "premium advertising". In June 2015, Verizon Communications acquired AOL for US$ 4.4 billion and the site became a part of Verizon Media. Huffington resigned to pursue other ventures and was succeeded as editor-in-chief by Lydia Polgreen in December 2016. In April 2017, Polgreen announced
368-766: A $ 5 million Series A round from SoftBank Capital and Greycroft . In December 2008, The Huffington Post raised $ 25 million from Oak Investment Partners at a $ 100 million valuation and Fred Harman of Oak Investment Partners joined its board of directors. The money was to be used for technology, infrastructure, investigative journalism , and development of local versions. In June 2009, Eric Hippeau , co-managing partner of Softbank Capital , became CEO of The Huffington Post . In January 2011, The Huffington Post received 35% of its traffic from web search engines (SEOs), compared to 20% at CNN . This strategy appealed to AOL CEO Tim Armstrong , who tried to implement similar SEO-driven journalism practices at AOL at
460-539: A change in authority for this system as it was believed that the authority that was not properly organized had now given authority to professionals, experts and bureaucrats for these services. These changes led to a more solid type of municipal administration compared to the old system that was underdeveloped and poorly constructed. The progressives mobilized concerned middle class voters as well as newspapers and magazines to identify problems and concentrate reform sentiment on specific problems. Many Protestants focused on
552-405: A comprehensive package of public services , universal health care , resisting involuntary unemployment , public education , social security , minimum wage laws, antitrust laws , legislation protecting labor rights , and the rights of labor unions . While the modern progressive movement may be characterized as largely secular in nature, the historical progressive movement was by comparison to
644-617: A half years in office. Progressives, such as Benjamin Parke De Witt, argued that, in a modern economy, large corporations and even monopolies were both inevitable and desirable. He argued that with their massive resources and economies of scale, large corporations offered the United States advantages which smaller companies could not offer. However, these large corporations might abuse their great power. The federal government should allow these companies to exist, but otherwise regulate them for
736-447: A platform of just taxation, home rule for Ohio cities and a 3-cent streetcar fare. Columbia University President Seth Low was elected mayor of New York City in 1901 on a reform ticket. During the term of the progressive Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909) and influenced by the ideas of philosopher-scientists such as George Perkins Marsh , William John McGee , John Muir , John Wesley Powell and Lester Frank Ward ,
828-478: A sex offender. Editors later removed the article at the author's request. HuffPost has been seen as a mostly progressive , liberal or liberal-leaning outlet, being described as such by the BBC , CNN , and Politico . Upon becoming the editor-in-chief in December 2016, Lydia Polgreen said that the "wave of intolerance and bigotry that seems to be sweeping the globe" after the election as US president of Donald Trump
920-402: A significant and desirable career path for women. Progressives set up training programs to ensure that welfare and charity work would be undertaken by trained professionals rather than warm-hearted amateurs. Jane Addams of Chicago's Hull House typified the leadership of residential, community centers operated by social workers and volunteers and located in inner city slums . The purpose of
1012-694: A significant extent rooted in and energized by religion. Historians debate the exact contours, but they generally date the Progressive Era in response to the excesses of the Gilded Age from the 1890s to either World War I in 1917 or the onset of the Great Depression in the United States in 1929. Many of the core principles of the progressive movement focused on the need for efficiency in all areas of society, and for greater democratic control over public policy. Purification to eliminate waste and corruption
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#17330851636191104-410: A significant number of contributors. Contributors had included: HuffPost has been criticized for providing a platform for alternative medicine and supporters of vaccine hesitancy , including in a detailed critique in 2009 by physician and author Rahul Parikh. In 2020, biology professor and founder of the science blog Pharyngula addressed hesitancy and other issues. Steven Novella , president of
1196-513: A subsection named Black Voices on the HuffPost website. Early on, website received a five million-dollar investment from Tribune Company , the parent company of the Orlando Sentinel . From there, Blackvoices.com grew and eventually gained over a million registered users. Later, the site was sold to AOL-Time Warner . Although the site had content targeted towards African-American culture,
1288-478: A type of ruthless businessman in The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914). In The Jungle (1906), socialist Upton Sinclair repelled readers with descriptions of Chicago's meatpacking plants and his work led to support for remedial food safety legislation. Leading intellectuals also shaped the progressive mentality. In Dynamic Sociology (1883), Lester Frank Ward laid out the philosophical foundations of
1380-478: A universal and comprehensive system of education at the top of the progressive agenda, reasoning that if a democracy were to be successful, its leaders, the general public, needed a good education. Progressives worked hard to expand and improve public and private education at all levels. They believed that modernization of society necessitated the compulsory education of all children, even if the parents objected. Progressives turned to educational researchers to evaluate
1472-587: The 2016 Democratic Party primaries , progressive presidential candidate Bernie Sanders raised the issue of a single-payer healthcare system, citing his belief that millions of Americans are still paying too much for health insurance and arguing that millions more do not receive the care they need. In November 2016, an effort was made to implement a single-payer healthcare system in the state of Colorado, known as ColoradoCare (Amendment 69). Senator Sanders held rallies in Colorado in support of Amendment 69 leading up to
1564-457: The 2016 Democratic primaries . While answering a question from CNN moderator Anderson Cooper regarding her willingness to shift positions during an October 2015 debate, Hillary Clinton referred to herself as a "progressive who likes to get things done", drawing the ire of a number of Sanders supporters and other critics from her left. Senator John Fetterman has moderated his foreign and domestic positions that have arisen in late 2023 such as
1656-559: The Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) outlined five key healthcare principles they intended to pass into law. The CPC mandated a nationwide public option, affordable health insurance, insurance market regulations, an employer insurance provision mandate and comprehensive services for children. In March 2010, Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , generally referred to as Obamacare, which
1748-627: The Grand Canyon . In addition, Roosevelt approved the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 which gave subsidies for irrigation in 13 (eventually 20) Western states. Another conservation-oriented bill was the Antiquities Act of 1906 that protected large areas of land by allowing the president to declare areas meriting protection to be national monuments . The Inland Waterways Commission was appointed by Roosevelt on March 14, 1907, to study
1840-766: The New England Skeptical Society , criticized The Huffington Post for allowing homeopathy proponent Dana Ullman to have a blog on the site. In 2011, skeptic Brian Dunning listed it at No. 10 on his "Top 10 Worst Anti-Science Websites" list. In January 2012, The Huffington Post was criticized for appointing as editorial director in France the well-known former TV journalist Anne Sinclair , because she stood by her husband Dominique Strauss-Kahn , former IMF head, when several women accused him of sexual assault. Commentators at l'Express , Rue89 , and Le Monde warned against potential conflict of interest in
1932-473: The Northern states , progressives such as Robert M. La Follette and William Simon U'Ren argued that the average citizen should have more control over his government. The Oregon System of " Initiative, Referendum, and Recall " was exported to many states, including Idaho, Washington and Wisconsin. Many progressives such as George M. Forbes, president of Rochester 's Board of Education, hoped to make government in
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#17330851636192024-527: The Southern states used devices to disenfranchise black voters during the Progressive Era . Typically, the progressive elements in those states pushed for disenfranchisement, often fighting against the conservatism of the Black Belt whites. A major reason given was that whites routinely purchased black votes to control elections, and it was easier to disenfranchise blacks than to go after powerful white men. In
2116-485: The eight-hour work day , improved safety and health conditions in factories, workers' compensation laws and minimum wage laws for women. Most progressives, especially in rural areas, adopted the cause of prohibition . They saw the saloon as political corruption incarnate and bewailed the damage done to women and children. They believed the consumption of alcohol limited mankind's potential for advancement. Progressives achieved success first with state laws then with
2208-504: The war in Gaza and the increased illegal immigration on the southern border creating doubts about his progressivism. Questions about the precise meaning of the term have persisted within the Democratic Party and without since the election of Donald Trump in the 2016 United States presidential election , with some candidates using it to indicate their affiliation with the left flank of
2300-491: The " Puffington Host ", while Rush Limbaugh referred to it as the " Huffing and Puffington Post ". During the 2016 United States presidential election , HuffPost regularly appended an editor's note to the end of stories about candidate Donald Trump, reading: "Donald Trump regularly incites political violence and is a serial liar, rampant xenophobe, racist, misogynist and birther who has repeatedly pledged to ban all Muslims—1.6 billion members of an entire religion—from entering
2392-498: The French edition's news coverage. In April 2017, HuffPost South Africa was directed by the press ombudsman to apologize unreservedly for publishing and later defending a column calling for disenfranchisement of white men, which was declared malicious, inaccurate and discriminatory hate speech. In July 2019, HuffPost was criticized for publishing a story written by Rachel Wolfson, a publicist, that praised financier Jeffrey Epstein ,
2484-510: The Progressive generation during the first two decades of the twentieth century". Progressives fought for women's suffrage to purify the elections using supposedly purer female voters. Progressives in the South supported the elimination of supposedly corrupt black voters from the election booth. Historian Michael Perman says that in both Texas and Georgia "disfranchisement was the weapon as well as
2576-401: The South. Most progressives hoped that by regulating large corporations they could liberate human energies from the restrictions imposed by industrial capitalism . Nonetheless, the progressive movement was split over which of the following solutions should be used to regulate corporations. Many progressives argued that industrial monopolies were unnatural economic institutions which suppressed
2668-521: The U.S. and closed down HuffPost Canada , laying off 23 staff working for the Canadian and Quebec divisions of the company. The Huffington Post was launched on May 9, 2005, as a commentary outlet, blog, and an alternative to news aggregators such as the Drudge Report . It was founded by Arianna Huffington , Andrew Breitbart , Kenneth Lerer , and Jonah Peretti . Prior to this, Arianna Huffington hosted
2760-478: The U.S." After Trump was elected on November 8, 2016, HuffPost ended this practice to "give respect to the office of the presidency." Progressivism in the United States Progressive economic policies incorporate the socioeconomic principles and views of social democracy and political progressivism . These views are often rooted in the concept of social justice and have the goal of improving
2852-510: The US Supreme Court. A proposed constitutional amendment was opposed by business and Catholics; it passed Congress but was never ratified by enough states. Child labor was finally outlawed by the New Deal in the 1930s. Labor unions grew steadily until 1916, then expanded fast during the war. In 1919, a wave of major strikes alienated the middle class and the strikes were lost which alienated
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2944-488: The United States more responsive to the direct voice of the American people, arguing: [W]e are now intensely occupied in forging the tools of democracy, the direct primary, the initiative, the referendum, the recall, the short ballot, commission government. But in our enthusiasm we do not seem to be aware that these tools will be worthless unless they are used by those who are aflame with the sense of brotherhood. ... The idea [of
3036-643: The activities of the Standard Oil Company . In The Shame of the Cities (1904), Lincoln Steffens dissected corruption in city government. In Following the Color Line (1908), Ray Stannard Baker criticized race relations. Other muckrakers assailed the Senate , railroad companies, insurance companies and fraud in patent medicine . Novelists criticized corporate injustices. Theodore Dreiser drew harsh portraits of
3128-596: The anti-prostitution movement shared some of the same perspectives from each of these groups. Jane Addams, one of the most notable of early American social workers, wrote a book addressing prostitution. According to her argument in A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil , the reason why women resorted to prostitution was due to the inadequate salaries they received. However, she also mentions the absence of family oversight of female modesty, as young women migrated from rural to urban areas. Although most prostitutes were born in America,
3220-399: The cities grew rapidly. These changes led to a more structured system, power that had been centralized within the legislature would now be more locally focused. The changes were made to the system to effectively make legal processes, market transactions, bureaucratic administration and democracy easier to manage, putting them under the classification of "Municipal Administration". There was also
3312-722: The company had lost "around $ 20 million" during the previous year, and HuffPost Canada was shut down and ceased publishing. On April 12, 2021, Danielle Belton became editor-in-chief. Following the gradual shut-down of BuzzFeed News announced in 2023, BuzzFeed, Inc. refocused its news efforts into HuffPost , with plans to rehire past BuzzFeed News employees at HuffPost or at BuzzFeed. The site originally published work from both paid reporters and unpaid bloggers through its contributor network . In February 2011, Visual Art Source, which had been cross-posting material from its website, went on strike against The Huffington Post to protest against its writers not being paid. In March 2011,
3404-453: The company would rebrand, changing its official full name to HuffPost , with changes to the design of its website and logo, and content and reporting. On January 24, 2019, 20 employees were laid off as a part of Verizon Media laying off 7% of its staff. The opinion and health sections were eliminated. Pulitzer Prize finalist Jason Cherkis lost his job. On March 6, 2020, Polgreen announced that she would step down as editor-in-chief to become
3496-409: The competition which was necessary for progress and improvement. United States antitrust law prohibits anti-competitive behavior ( monopoly ) and unfair business practices . Presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft supported trust-busting . During their presidencies, the otherwise-conservative Taft brought down 90 trusts in four years while Roosevelt took down 44 in seven and
3588-464: The court, holding that the bloggers had volunteered their services, their compensation being publication. In 2015, Wil Wheaton stated that he refused to allow his work to be reused for free on the site. The practice of publishing blog posts from unpaid contributors ended in January 2018. This transformed the site, which had become notable for featuring extensive sections in a broad range of subjects from
3680-443: The creation of new regulatory agencies, but many progressives argue its broad framework allows for financial institutions to continue to take advantage of consumers and the government. Among others, Bernie Sanders has argued for reimplementing Glass-Steagall , which regulated banking more strictly, and for breaking up financial institutions where market-share is concentrated in a select few 'too big to fail' corporations. In 2009,
3772-533: The danger posed to the individual by the practice of eugenics. Progressive politician William Jennings Bryan opposed eugenics on the grounds of his anti-evolution activism. In a paper titled "The Progressives: Racism and Public Law", American legal scholar Herbert Hovenkamp (MA, PhD, JD) wrote: When examining the Progressives on race, it is critical to distinguish the views that they inherited from those that they developed. The rise of Progressivism coincided with
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3864-480: The death of scientific racism , which had been taught in American universities since the early nineteenth century and featured prominently in the scientific debate over Darwin’s theory of evolution. Eugenics, which attempted to use genetics and mathematics to validate many racist claims, was its last gasp. The most notable thing about the Progressives is that they were responsible for bringing scientific racism to an end. Progressives repeatedly warned that illegal voting
3956-603: The enactment of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919. The golden day did not dawn as enforcement was lax, especially in the cities where the law had very limited popular support and where notorious criminal gangs such as the Chicago gang of Al Capone made a crime spree based on illegal sales of liquor in speakeasies. The "experiment" (as President Herbert Hoover called it) also cost
4048-681: The federal and local treasuries large sums of taxes. The 18th amendment was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1933. Some progressives sponsored eugenics as a solution to excessively large or under-performing families, hoping that birth control would enable parents to focus their resources on fewer, better children while others, like Margaret Sanger advocated it. Progressives also advocated for compulsory sterilization of those deemed "unfit". Progressive leaders such as Herbert Croly and Walter Lippmann indicated their classical liberal concern over
4140-399: The harms of pollution and environmental degradation . In the 21st century progressives in the United States are advocating for the implementation of legislation that will promote a more equal society and help reduce the gaps between diverse populations in the American society, including the gaps between populations of different races, gender gaps and socio-economic gaps. Progressives support
4232-460: The head of content at Gimlet Media . In November 2020, HuffPost shut down its India operation after six years. According to some media reports, the acquisition did not include the India site due to regulations barring foreign ownership of Indian Digital Media. On February 16, 2021, BuzzFeed acquired HuffPost from Verizon Media in a stock deal. On March 9, 2021, BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti said that
4324-521: The high costs of long working hours for both individuals and society. The progressives' quest for efficiency was sometimes at odds with the progressives' quest for democracy. Taking power out of the hands of elected officials and placing that power in the hands of professional administrators reduced the voice of the politicians and in turn reduced the voice of the people. Centralized decision-making by trained experts and reduced power for local wards made government less corrupt but more distant and isolated from
4416-657: The historical progressivism of the 19th–20th centuries. Some viewpoints of modern progressivism highlight these perceived differences like those of Princeton economics professor Thomas C. Leonard who viewed historical progressivism in The American Conservative as being "[a]t a glance, ... not much here for 21st-century progressives to claim kinship with. Today's progressives emphasize racial equality and minority rights, decry U.S. imperialism, shun biological ideas in social science, and have little use for piety or proselytizing," Ultimately, both historical progressivism and
4508-460: The human condition through government regulation , social protections , and the maintenance of public goods . It is based on the idea that capitalist markets left to operate with limited government regulation are inherently unfair, favoring big business , large corporations , and the wealthy . Specific economic policies that are considered progressive include progressive taxes , income redistribution aimed at reducing inequalities of wealth ,
4600-591: The largest government-funded conservation-related projects in United States history were undertaken. On March 14, 1903, President Roosevelt created the first National Bird Preserve, the beginning of the Wildlife Refuge system, on Pelican Island, Florida . In all, by 1909, the Roosevelt administration had created an unprecedented 42 million acres (170,000 km ) of United States National Forests , 53 National Wildlife Refuges and 18 areas of "special interest" such as
4692-468: The minimum wage grew at the rate of productivity growth in the United States, it would be $ 21.72 an hour, nearly three times as much as the current $ 7.25 an hour. Popular progressives such as Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez have endorsed a federally mandated wage increase to $ 15 an hour. The movement has already seen success with its implementation in California with
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#17330851636194784-506: The modern movement share the notion that the free markets lead to economic inequalities that must be ameliorated in order to best protect the American working class. Income inequality in the United States has been on the rise since 1970. Progressives argue that lower union rates, weak policy, globalization and other drivers have caused the gap in income. The rise of income inequality has led progressives to draft legislation including, but not limited to, reforming Wall Street , reforming
4876-526: The news". According to Michael Steel, press secretary for Republican Speaker of the House John Boehner , Republican aides "engage with liberal websites like The Huffington Post [anyway, if for] no other reason than [because] they drive a lot of cable coverage". Jon Bekken, journalism professor at Suffolk University , has cited it as an example of an " advocacy newspaper ". The Wall Street Journal editor James Taranto has mockingly referred to it as
4968-431: The number of officials and to eliminate overlapping areas of authority between departments. City governments were reorganized to reduce the power of local ward bosses and to increase the powers of the city council. Governments at every level began developing budgets to help them plan their expenditures rather than spending money haphazardly as needs arose and revenue became available. Governor Frank Lowden of Illinois showed
5060-469: The party. Following the first progressive movement of the early 20th century, two later short-lived parties have also identified as progressive. Blackvoices.com Blackvoices.com was an American website with content targeted towards African-American culture. Founded in 1995, by Barry Cooper, it first appeared as a link on the Orlando Sentinel website. After being sold twice, it has become
5152-594: The passing of bill to raise the minimum wage $ 1 every year until reaching $ 15 an hour in 2021. New York workers are lobbying for similar legislation as many continue to rally for a minimum wage increase as part of the Fight for $ 15 movement. Modern progressives advocate strong environmental protections and measures to reduce or eliminate pollution. One reason for this is the strong link between economic injustice and adverse environmental conditions as groups that are economically marginalized tend to be disproportionately affected by
5244-430: The people it served. Progressives who emphasized the need for efficiency typically argued that trained independent experts could make better decisions than the local politicians. In his influential Drift and Mastery (1914) stressing the "scientific spirit" and "discipline of democracy", Walter Lippmann called for a strong central government guided by experts rather than public opinion. One example of progressive reform
5336-453: The power to pick party candidates. The Oregon System included a "Corrupt Practices Act", a public referendum and a state-funded voter's pamphlet, among other reforms which were exported to other states in the Northwest and Midwest. Its high point was in 1912, after which they detoured into a disastrous third party status. Early progressive thinkers such as John Dewey and Lester Ward placed
5428-489: The product of energetic grass-roots movements in the city. Since progressivism was and continues to be "in the eyes of the beholder", progressive education encompasses very diverse and sometimes conflicting directions in educational policy. Such enduring legacies of the Progressive Era continue to interest historians. Progressive Era reformers stressed "object teaching", meeting the needs of particular constituencies within
5520-593: The progressive movement and attacked the laissez-faire policies advocated by Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner . In The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), Thorstein Veblen attacked the "conspicuous consumption" of the wealthy. Educator John Dewey emphasized a child-centered philosophy of pedagogy known as progressive education which affected schoolrooms for three generations. Modern progressivism can be seen as encompassing many notable differences from
5612-569: The progressive tendency was indirectly linked to the unique philosophy of pragmatism which was primarily developed by John Dewey and William James . Equally significant to progressive-era reform were the crusading journalists known as muckrakers . These journalists publicized to middle class readers economic privilege, political corruption and social injustice. Their articles appeared in McClure's Magazine and other reform periodicals. Some muckrakers focused on corporate abuses . Ida Tarbell exposed
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#17330851636195704-441: The promotion of criminal justice reform to rectify systemic injustices, and the eradication of discriminatory practices in areas such as employment and housing. Active Defunct Journals TV channels Websites Other With the rise in popularity of progressives such as Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez , Bernie Sanders , and Elizabeth Warren , the term progressive began to carry greater cultural currency, particularly in
5796-446: The public believed that women were being brought into the United States and later sold into prostitution. The opposition against prostitution could have been a reflection of concerns regarding the influx of immigrants, the growth of cities, the development of industries, and the erosion of established moral standards. Child labor laws were designed to prevent the overuse of children in the newly emerging industries. The goal of these laws
5888-478: The public interest. President Roosevelt generally supported this idea and incorporated it as part of his " New Nationalism ". Many progressives such as Louis Brandeis hoped to make American governments better able to serve the people's needs by making governmental operations and services more efficient and rational. Rather than making legal arguments against ten-hour workdays for women, he used "scientific principles" and data produced by social scientists documenting
5980-494: The rallying cry in the fight for reform". In Virginia, "the drive for disfranchisement had been initiated by men who saw themselves as reformers, even progressives". While the ultimate significance of the progressive movement on today's politics is still up for debate, Alonzo L. Hamby asks: What were the central themes that emerged from the cacophony [of progressivism]? Democracy or elitism? Social justice or social control? Small entrepreneurship or concentrated capitalism? And what
6072-430: The reform agenda by measuring numerous aspects of education, later leading to standardized testing . Many educational reforms and innovations generated during this period continued to influence debates and initiatives in American education for the remainder of the 20th century. One of the most apparent legacies of the Progressive Era left to American education was the perennial drive to reform schools and curricula, often as
6164-509: The river systems of the United States, including the development of water power, flood control and land reclamation. In the early 20th century, politicians of the Democratic and Republican parties, Lincoln–Roosevelt League Republicans (in California) and Theodore Roosevelt 's Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party all pursued environmental, political and economic reforms. Chief among these aims
6256-466: The saloon as the power base for corruption as well as violence and family disruption, so they tried to get rid of the entire saloon system through prohibition. Others such as Jane Addams in Chicago promoted settlement houses . Early municipal reformers included Hazen S. Pingree (mayor of Detroit in the 1890s) and Tom L. Johnson in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1901, Johnson won election as mayor of Cleveland on
6348-903: The school district level, contradictory reform policies were often especially apparent, though there is little evidence of confusion among progressive school leaders in Denver, Seattle and Oakland. District leaders in these cities, including Frank B. Cooper in Seattle and Fred M. Hunter in Oakland, often employed a seemingly contradictory set of reforms. Local progressive educators consciously sought to operate independently of national progressive movements as they preferred reforms that were easy to implement and were encouraged to mix and blend diverse reforms that had been shown to work in other cities. The reformers emphasized professionalization and bureaucratization. The old system whereby ward politicians selected school employees
6440-473: The school district, equal educational opportunity for boys and girls and avoiding corporal punishment. David Gamson examines the implementation of progressive reforms in three city school districts— Denver, Colorado ; Seattle, Washington and Oakland, California —during 1900–1928. Historians of educational reform during the Progressive Era tend to highlight the fact that many progressive policies and reforms were very different and at times even contradictory. At
6532-427: The settlement houses was to raise the standard of living of urbanites by providing adult education and cultural enrichment programs. During this era of massive reformation among all social aspects, elimination of prostitution was vital for the progressives, especially the women. The anti-prostitution movement involved three main groups: Christians, Progressive Era feminists, and physicians. Many individuals active in
6624-514: The site was launched on May 9, 2005, as a counterpart to the Drudge Report. In March 2011, it was acquired by AOL for US$ 315 million, with Arianna Huffington appointed editor-in-chief. In June 2015, Verizon Communications acquired AOL for US$ 4.4 billion, and the site became a part of Verizon Media. In November 2020, BuzzFeed acquired the company. Weeks after the acquisition, BuzzFeed laid off 47 HuffPost staff, mostly journalists, in
6716-442: The site was no longer black-owned. At its peak, Blackvoices.com was structured with news articles, a messageboard , and blogs . Users had to be a member of AOL to join the site. In October 2000, General Motors announced a multimillion-dollar three-year deal to advertise on the site. Some members were upset with the sale of Blackvoices.com from Tribune to AOL and then from AOL to The Huffington Post . Although under AOL
6808-440: The social centers movement is] to establish in each community an institution having a direct and vital relation to the welfare of the neighborhood, ward, or district, and also to the city as a whole. Philip J. Ethington seconds this high view of direct democracy , saying that "initiatives, referendums, and recalls, along with direct primaries and the direct election of US Senators, were the core achievements of 'direct democracy' by
6900-523: The strike and the call to boycott was joined and endorsed by the National Writers Union and NewsGuild-CWA ; however, the boycott was dropped in October 2011. In April 2011, The Huffington Post was targeted with a multimillion-dollar lawsuit by Jonathan Tasini on behalf of thousands of bloggers who had submitted material to the website. On March 30, 2012, the suit was dismissed with prejudice by
6992-554: The tax code, reforming campaign finance , closing loopholes and keeping domestic work. Progressives began to demand stronger Wall Street regulation after they perceived deregulation and relaxed enforcement as leading to the 2007–2008 financial crisis . The Occupy Wall Street movement, launched in downtown Manhattan, was one high-profile reaction to the financial shenanigans. Passing the Dodd-Frank financial regulatory act in 2010 provided increased oversight on financial institutions and
7084-719: The time of its acquisition of The Huffington Post . In March 2011, AOL acquired The Huffington Post for US$ 315 million. As part of the deal, Huffington became president and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post and existing AOL properties Engadget , TechCrunch , Moviefone , MapQuest , Black Voices, PopEater (now subpage on the HuffPost Entertainment subpage), AOL Music , AOL Latino (now HuffPost Voices ), AutoBlog, Patch, and StyleList. In December 2011, The Huffington Post said it had 36.2 million unique visitors. The Huffington Post subsumed many of AOL's Voices properties, including AOL Black Voices , which
7176-484: The time, the great majority of other major leaders had been opposed to populism. When Roosevelt left the Republican Party in 1912, he took with him many of the intellectual leaders of progressivism, but very few political leaders. The Republican Party then became notably more committed to business-oriented and efficiency-oriented progressivism, typified by Herbert Hoover and William Howard Taft . The foundation of
7268-406: The vote. Despite high-profile support, Amendment 69 failed to pass, with just 21.23% of voting Colorado residents voting in favor and 78.77% against. Adjusted for inflation, the minimum wage peaked in 1968 at around $ 9.90 an hour in 2020 dollars. Progressives believe that stagnating wages perpetuate income inequality and that raising the minimum wage is a necessary step to combat inequality. If
7360-550: The website Ariannaonline.com. Her first foray into the Internet was the website Resignation.com, which called for the resignation of President Bill Clinton and was a rallying place for conservatives opposing Clinton. An early Huffington Post strategy was crafting search-engine optimized (SEO) stories and headlines based around trending keywords , such as "What Time Is the Super Bowl?" In August 2006, The Huffington Post raised
7452-537: The workers. In the 1920s, the unions were in the doldrums. In 1924, they supported Robert M. La Follette 's Progressive Party , but he only carried his base in Wisconsin. The American Federation of Labor under Samuel Gompers after 1907 began supporting the Democrats , who promised more favorable judges as the Republicans appointed pro-business judges. Theodore Roosevelt and his third party also supported such goals as
7544-405: Was a powerful element as well as the progressives' support of worker compensation, improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, a limited workweek, graduated income tax and allowing women the right to vote. Arthur S. Link and Vincent P. De Santis argue that the majority of progressives wanted to purify politics. For some Progressives, purification meant taking the vote away from blacks in
7636-422: Was corrupting the political system. They especially identified big-city bosses, working with saloon keepers and precinct workers, as the culprits who stuffed the ballot boxes. The solution to purifying the vote included prohibition (designed to close down the saloons), voter registration requirements (designed to end multiple voting), and literacy tests (designed to minimize the number of ignorant voters). All of
7728-426: Was created to provide a progressive alternative to conservative news websites such as the Drudge Report . The site contains its own content and user-generated content via video blogging , audio, and photo. In 2012, the website became the first commercially run United States digital media enterprise to win a Pulitzer Prize . Founded by Arianna Huffington , Andrew Breitbart , Kenneth Lerer , and Jonah Peretti ,
7820-528: Was dropped in the case of teachers and replaced by a merit system requiring a college-level education in a normal school (teacher's college). The rapid growth in size and complexity the large urban school systems facilitated stabilized employment for women teachers and provided senior teachers greater opportunities to mentor younger teachers. By 1900, most women in Providence, Rhode Island , remained as teachers for at least 17.5 years, indicating teaching had become
7912-517: Was established in 1995 as Blackvoices.com , and AOL Latino , Impact (launched in 2010 as a partnership between Huffington Post and Causecast ), Women , Teen , College , Religion , and the Spanish-language Voces (en español) . The Voices brand was expanded in September 2011 with the launch of Gay Voices , dedicated to LGBT -relevant articles. By late 2013, the website operated as
8004-540: Was intended to increase the affordability and efficiency of the United States healthcare system. Although considered a partial success by some progressives, many argued that it did not go far enough in achieving healthcare reform as exemplified with the Democrats' failure in achieving a national public option. In recent decades, single-payer healthcare has become an important goal in healthcare reform for progressives. In
8096-432: Was remarkable, and that The Huffington Post had an "absolutely indispensable role to play in this era in human history." Commenting in 2012 on increased conservative engagement on the website despite its reputation as a liberal news source, The Huffington Post founder Arianna Huffington stated that her website was "increasingly seen" as an Internet newspaper that is "not positioned ideologically in terms of how we cover
8188-565: Was the impact of American foreign policy? Were the progressives isolationists or interventionists? Imperialists or advocates of national self-determination? And whatever they were, what was their motivation? Moralistic utopianism? Muddled relativistic pragmatism? Hegemonic capitalism? Not surprisingly many battered scholars began to shout 'no mas!' In 1970, Peter Filene declared that the term 'progressivism' had become meaningless. The progressives typically concentrated on city and state government, looking for waste and better ways to provide services as
8280-618: Was the pursuit of trust busting, the breaking up very large monopolies and support for labor unions, public health programs, decreased corruption in politics and environmental conservation. The progressive movement enlisted support from both major parties and from minor parties as well. One leader, the Democratic William Jennings Bryan , had won both the Democratic Party and the Populist Party nominations in 1896. At
8372-404: Was the rise of the city manager system in which paid, professional engineers ran the day-to-day affairs of city governments under guidelines established by elected city councils . Many cities created municipal "reference bureaus" which did expert surveys of government departments looking for waste and inefficiency. After in-depth surveys, local and even state governments were reorganized to reduce
8464-435: Was to give working class children the opportunity to go to school and mature more institutionally, thereby liberating the potential of humanity and encouraging the advancement of humanity. Factory owners generally did not want this progression because of lost workers. Parents relied on the income of children to keep the family solvent. Progressives enacted state and federal laws against child labor, but these were overturned by
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