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29-532: The villages of Březovice, Chlum, Chvalina, Doubrava, Libonice and Svatogothardská Lhota are administrative parts of Hořice. Hořice is located about 21 kilometres (13 mi) southeast of Jičín and 21 km (13 mi) northwest of Hradec Králové . It lies on the border between a hilly landscape of the Jičín Uplands in the north, and a flat landscape of the East Elbe Table in the south. The highest point

58-585: A market town . In 1423, Gothard hill was the site of a battle of the Hussite Wars . During the rule of the Smiřický noble family from the mid-16th century to the early 17th century, the town developed rapidly. In 1846, the town square was damaged by a large fire, which destroyed most of the wooden houses. The wooden buildings were replaced by stone houses, which initiated stone quarrying in many local quarries. This has led to economic development and Hořice turned into

87-422: A real town. Several factories were established, especially by Jewish entrepreneurs, and sandstone quarrying also developed. In 1882, the railway was built and connected the town with Hradec Králové and Jičín. The town is known for its production of Hořické trubičky ("Hořice Rolls"), which is a traditional confectionery. The production started here in 1812. The manufactory is a protected geographical indication by

116-464: A rectangular square and was surrounded by wooden fortifications with reinforced bastions and a trench. Jičín was first the royal town, but in 1337 King John of Bohemia sold it to the Wartenberg family, who owned it until the middle of the 15th century. The Hussite Wars did not affect the town much. During the 15th century, Jičín changed its lords several times until 1487, when it became a property of

145-630: Is twinned with: Cidlina The Cidlina ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈtsɪdlɪna] ) is a river in the Czech Republic , a right tributary of the Elbe River. It originates in the Liberec Region , but flows mainly through the Hradec Králové and Central Bohemian regions. It is 87.3 km (54.2 mi) long. According to one theory, the name of the river is of Celtic origin and

174-488: Is twinned with: Ji%C4%8D%C3%ADn Jičín ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪtʃiːn] ; German : Jitschin or Gitschin ) is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . The town's history is connected with Albrecht von Wallenstein who had rebuilt

203-529: Is at 440 m (1,440 ft) above sea level. The first written mention of Hořice is from 1143 in the foundation deed of the Strahov Monastery . It was founded on a hill later named Gothard, which was named after the Church of Saint Gotthard founded here in the 12th century. In the 13th century, the settlement was moved to strategically more advantageous place below the hill. In 1365, it was first documented as

232-535: Is built around a rectangular square with a regular Gothic street layout, remnants of fortifications and arcade Renaissance and Baroque houses. The historic core is formed by Valdštejnské Square, where is the Valdštejnský Castle. The castle houses the Regional Museum and Gallery, a library and a primary art school, among others. There is also a castle park. Next to the castle is the Church of Saint James

261-506: The thick shelled river mussel , the dusky large blue , the Eurasian otter and the green snaketail . The area of Žehuňský Pond and its surroundings is protected as Žehuňský rybník National Nature Monument. It has an area of 301.6 ha (745 acres). Endangered species found here include the narrow-mouthed whorl snail and several rare species of the genus Taraxacum ( bavaricum , pauckertianum and irrigatum ). The secondary spring of

290-517: The Elbe River at an elevation of 186 m (610 ft). About 1.5 km south of the main spring there is the secondary spring of the Cidlina. The river is 225.9 km (140.4 mi) long. Its drainage basin has an area of 1,164.5 km (449.6 sq mi). The longest tributaries of the Cidlina are: The most notable settlement on the river is the town of Jičín . The river flows through

319-663: The European Union . The I/35 road (the section from Hradec Králové to Jičín , part of the European route E442 ) passes next to the town. Hořice is located on the railway line Hradec Králové– Turnov . Among the most valuable buildings is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. It was built in the Baroque style by plans of Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer in 1738–1748. The Hořice Castle

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348-477: The Great. The church, intended as a seat of a never-established bishopric, has never been completed, so it lacks a spire and a cupola . North of the town is the Baroque summer house of Albrecht von Wallenstein called Valdštejnská Loggia . The original game park around it is nowadays a park called Libosad. The loggia is connected with the town by a 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi)-long alley of linden trees. The loggia,

377-524: The House of Trčka of Lípa. With the succession of Vilém Trčka in 1540, the town began to be rebuilt in stone. The fortifications were rebuilt as well, with three gates connecting the centre with peripheries: the western Pražská Gate, the northern Holínská Gate, and the eastern Valdická Gate (1568–1578), which is the only one preserved today. After a large fire in 1572, most of the wooden houses were replaced by stone Renaissance buildings, often decorated with sgrafitti;

406-620: The I/35 (the section from Liberec to Hradec Králové). The I/32 road splits from the I/16 and connects Jičín with the D1 motorway . Jičín is located on the railway lines Prague– Turnov and Hradec Králové–Turnov. Jičín is connected with the popular fairy tale character, Robin Hood -like robber Rumcajs . The town hosts the annual festival called "Jičín – The Town of Fairy Tale" established in 1990. The historic centre

435-484: The Old Czech word dík (meaning ' wild boar ', of which many lived here). Jičín is located about 41 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Hradec Králové and 70 km (43 mi) northeast of Prague . It lies in the heart of the Jičín Uplands . The highest point is the hill Zebín at 399 m (1,309 ft) above sea level. The Cidlina River flows through the town. Several other small watercources also flow through

464-467: The arrival of the period of High Baroque , during which many constructions were completed. Many statues and sculptures in the town today come from this period. In 1784 Jičín became the seat of a new region. During the first half of the 19th century the town spread quickly, especially eastward. The Battle of Gitschin was fought nearby during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Until 1918, the town

493-486: The basin area. On the upper reaches of the river there is an extensive nature monument called Javorka a Cidlina – Sběř. It has an area of 272.9 ha (674 acres) and, in addition to the Cidlina bed, it also covers the bed of the lower course of the Javorka and some areas on the banks of the Cidlina. The reason for the protection is to ensure a stable population of specially protected species of plants and animals, especially

522-557: The centre of his Duchy of Friedland and minted his own coins there. Several architects worked for him, notably Giovanni de Galliano Pieroni , Giovanni Battista Marini, Andrea Spezza, and Nicolo Sebregondi. He had the castle and the Church of St. James rebuilt completely in the North-Italian style and connected them via a roofed footbridge. The town was to be rebuilt completely into a modern town with separated representative and craftsman parts. The parish Church of St. Ignatius together with

551-474: The college was given to the Jesuits in 1627. Wallenstein also had a summer house with a court of honor, farm buildings, and a game park built in the northern part of the town near Valdice , and a linden alley along the path leading to the summer house. After the early death of Wallenstein in 1634, the town lost much of its importance. In 1710 the town became a property of the House of Trauttmansdorff , which meant

580-461: The municipal territories of Železnice , Jičín, Vitiněves , Slatiny , Žeretice , Vysoké Veselí , Smidary , Skřivany , Nový Bydžov , Mlékosrby , Chlumec nad Cidlinou , Olešnice , Žiželice , Choťovice , Žehuň , Dobšice , Sány , Opolany and Libice nad Cidlinou . The largest body of water on the Cidlina and in its whole basin area is the Žehuňský Pond with an area of 173 ha (430 acres). There are 126 bodies of water larger than 1 ha in

609-590: The municipal territory, including the streams Valdický potok, Popovický potok, Úlibický potok and Trnávka. There are five fishponds in the territory; the largest of them is Šibeňák. Ponds Kníže and Šibeňák are located right in the urban area. Jičín is sometimes called "Gate to the Bohemian Paradise", however the territory of the Bohemian Paradise region begins beyond the borders of the Jičín municipal territory. In

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638-403: The northern part there are two nature monuments, Zebín (comprising the hill's peak) and Libosad-obora (comprising the whole Libosad park). The area of Jičín has been inhabited for almost 8,000 years thanks to the convenient geographical and climatic conditions. The settlement in the area of today's town is first mentioned in 1143 in deed of foundation of the Strahov Monastery . The town of Jičín

667-520: The parish church was rebuilt as well. In 1587, Burjan Trčka had built a small castle. In 1607, Jičín was acquired by Zikmund Smiřický. The Smiřický family had built here a new larger castle, which replaced the castle of the Trčka family. The biggest expansion of the town started in 1621 during the Thirty Years' War , when the town became a property of the generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein , who made it

696-400: The park and the alley together with the town centre are parts of so-called Wallenstein's Baroque composed landscape (designed landscape axes connecting sacral buildings, landscape landmarks and the town) which was unfinished due to early death of von Wallenstein. There are several Jewish sights in the town. The most notable is the former synagogue, which was first documented in 1773. Jičín

725-498: The town, and many sights bear his name. Jičín is made up of the town parts of Holínské Předměstí, Nové Město, Pražské Předměstí, Sedličky, Soudná, Staré Město and Valdické Předměstí, and the villages of Dvorce, Hubálov, Moravčice, Popovice and Robousy. The origin of the name Jičín is unknown, but according to the most probable hypotheses, it was derived from the German name of Queen Judith of Habsburg Guta , or from Dičín , derived from

754-529: Was composed of the words sīd(o) (meaning 'calm' or 'peace') and lèana (meaning 'wet meadow'). According to another theory, the name comes from the Proto-Slavic adjective cědlá , which meant 'clear', 'clean'. The Cidlina originates in the territory of Lomnice nad Popelkou in the Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge at an elevation of 563 m (1,847 ft) and flows to Libice nad Cidlinou , where it enters

783-474: Was created in the Baroque style in the mid-18th century by reconstruction of a Gothic fortress from 14th–15th century. On the Gothard hill, there is the Church of Saint Gotthard. The original Romanesque cemetery church was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1783. On the hill there are also remains of an old fortress with the first-ever Czech sculpture of Jan Žižka , former Jewish cemetery, and a sculpture park. Hořice

812-533: Was founded in the 13th century on the place of the village Staré Místo near the Veliš Castle . It was moved northward to its present location shortly afterward, which was better protected by the Cidlina River. The first written mention of Jičín comes from a document by Queen Judith of Habsburg , the wife of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia , dated 1 August 1293. The town was built with a regular street layout around

841-507: Was part of Austria-Hungary , head of the Jicin – Jičín District, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia . In 2019, the village of Hubálov, originally part of Tuř , was joined to Jičín. The transfer of the entire cadastral territory is unique in the modern history of the country. Jičín lies at the crossroad of two main road: the I/16 (the section from Mladá Boleslav to Trutnov ) and

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