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97-505: The company first opened as the Guaranty Bank and Trust Company in 1920, founded by a University of Texas law school alumnus named Eugene DeBogory. In 1922 when Guaranty obtained a national charter it assumed the name Republic National Bank of Dallas. When the company began servicing farm and ranch loans, it was required to establish a Texas subsidiary, Republic Trust and Savings Bank, to comply with regulations governing national banks at

194-560: A state of the United States of America . Coahuila joined with Nuevo León and Tamaulipas , to form the short-lived Republic of the Rio Grande . In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence severed the control that Spain had exercised on its North American territories, and the new country of Mexico was formed from much of the lands that had comprised New Spain . In the early days of

291-502: A grand jury on an aggravated assault with a deadly weapon charge but was not charged with any additional hate crime charge. A large student and faculty Pro-Palestinian protest occurred on April 24, 2024, demanding a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas War and that the university divest from companies profiting from Israel's actions. The protests occurred amidst the ongoing nationwide demonstrations on college campuses . In response,

388-413: A 10 PM curfew for all protests, directly contradicting prior guidelines. Initially, the university told students and faculty that arrested protestors would no longer be allowed on campus, but retracted the statement two hours later, stating that they would be allowed "academic" access, only to then announce a change to full access for university affiliates. Additionally, the university temporarily suspended

485-608: A contentious dispute erupted between Texas Governor James E. Ferguson and the University of Texas over faculty appointments. Ferguson's attempt to influence these appointments led to a retaliatory veto of the university's budget, jeopardizing its operations. Subsequently, Ferguson was impeached by the Texas House of Representatives , convicted by the Senate on charges including misapplication of public funds, and removed from office. In 1921,

582-646: A general system of education when circumstances allowed. After Texas was annexed , the Seventh Texas Legislature passed O.B. 102 on February 11, 1858, allocating $ 100,000 in United States bonds from the Compromise of 1850 for the University of Texas. The Civil War delayed fund repayment, leaving the university with only $ 16,000 by 1865. Nevertheless, the Texas Constitution of 1876 reaffirmed

679-504: A historically black college, "a place where he is loved". The University of Texas at Austin has experienced a wave of new construction recently with several significant buildings. On April 30, 2006, the school opened the Blanton Museum of Art . In August 2008, the AT&;T Executive Education and Conference Center opened, with the hotel and conference center forming part of a new gateway to

776-602: A new governor. Texans in Saltillo recommended establishing a provisional government in Bexar during the unrest to strengthen the autonomy of Texas. Juan Seguin , political chief of Bexar, called for a town meeting to create a government but was forced to postpone it when Mexican troops advanced in the direction of Texas. In 1835, President Santa Anna revoked the Constitution of 1824 and began consolidating his power. In various parts of

873-403: A proposed state constitution. In March 1833, the capital of the state was transferred from Saltillo to Monclova , which was closer to Tejas. Shortly thereafter, civil war erupted as the federal government moved away from federalism and towards a more centralized government. As fighting erupted, residents in Saltillo declared that Monclova had been illegally made the state capital and selected

970-509: A public school price, having been ranked in virtually every list of "Public Ivies" since Richard Moll coined the term in his 1985 book Public Ivies: A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities . The seven other "Public Ivy" universities, according to Moll, were the College of William & Mary, Miami University, the University of California , the University of Michigan ,

1067-578: A result of a student referendum passed in 2006 which raised student fees by $ 65 per semester. In 2012, the Moody Foundation awarded the College of Communication $ 50 million, the largest endowment any communication college has received, so naming it the Moody College of Communication. The university operates two public radio stations, KUT with news and information, and KUTX with music, via local FM broadcasts as well as live streaming audio over

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1164-504: A slave. The new laws also stated that any slave brought into Texas should be freed within six months. Two years later, slavery was officially prohibited in Mexico. American settlers in Texas began to discuss revolt. The governor of Coahuila y Tejas, Jose Maria Viesca , wrote to the president to explain the importance of slavery to the east Texas economy, and the importance of the Texas economy to

1261-598: A total of 155 Olympic medals . The idea of a public university in Texas was first mentioned in the 1827 constitution of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas , which promised public education in the arts and sciences under Title 6, Article 217, but no action was taken. After Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836, the Constitution of the Republic emphasized Congress's duty, in Section 5 of its General Provisions, to establish

1358-561: A transition to online classes for the rest of the spring semester after 49 confirmed COVID-19 cases emerged from students' travels to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, during spring break. Throughout the summer, the university reported over 400 cases and its first COVID-19-related death, a custodial worker. The fall 2020 semester consisted of a majority of online courses through platforms like Zoom. On August 6, 2020, UT Austin initiated plans for free COVID-19 tests for all students. UT Austin returned to primarily in-person classes and campus activities for

1455-679: Is listed as the third-best in the nation and The School of Information (iSchool) is sixth-best in Library and Information Sciences. Among other rankings, the School of Social Work is 7th, the Jackson School of Geosciences is 8th for Earth Sciences, the Cockrell School of Engineering is tied for 10th-best (with the undergraduate engineering program tied for 11th-best in the country), the Nursing School

1552-515: Is tied for 13th, the University of Texas School of Law is 15th, the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs is 7th, and the McCombs School of Business is tied for 16th-best (with the undergraduate business program tied for 5th-best in the country). The University of Texas School of Architecture was ranked second among national undergraduate programs in 2012. A 2005 Bloomberg survey ranked

1649-462: The Big 12 . As of 2020, 13 Nobel Prize winners, 25 Pulitzer Prize winners, three Turing Award winners, two Fields Medal recipients, two Wolf Prize winners, and three Abel Prize winners have been affiliated with the school as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. The university has also been affiliated with three Primetime Emmy Award winners, and as of 2021, its students and alumni have earned

1746-495: The Freshman Research Initiative and Texas Interdisciplinary Plan. The University of Texas at Austin encourages applicants to submit SAT / ACT scores, but it is not required. However, for students applying for admission from fall 2025 onwards, submission of SAT / ACT scores is mandatory as part of their undergraduate admission application. As of 2011, the university was one of the most selective universities in

1843-542: The J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory . UT Austin's athletics constitute the Texas Longhorns . The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships, six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships, thirteen NCAA Division I National Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, and the school has claimed more titles in men's and women's sports than any other member in

1940-533: The United States were permitted to move to Mexico. States were responsible for implementing the General Colonization Law . Officials in Saltillo, the capital of Coahuila y Tejas, were soon besieged by foreign land speculators who wanted to claim land in Texas. The state passed its own colonization law in 1825. Approximately 3,420 land grant applications were submitted by immigrants and naturalized citizens, many of them Anglo-Americans . Only one of

2037-494: The University of North Carolina , the University of Vermont , and the University of Virginia . The Accounting and Latin American History programs are consistently ranked top in the nation by the U.S. News & World Report college rankings, most recently in their 2023 and 2021 editions, respectively. More than 50 other science, humanities, and professional programs rank in the top 25 nationally. The College of Pharmacy

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2134-456: The 17th-largest bank in the country to the 10th-largest in one stroke. University of Texas The University of Texas at Austin ( UT Austin , UT , or Texas ) is a public research university in Austin, Texas , United States. Founded in 1883, it is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System . With 52,384 students as of fall 2022, it is also the largest institution in

2231-605: The 2009–2010 academic year, the university awarded a total of 13,215 degrees: 67.7% bachelor's degrees , 22.0% master's degrees, 6.4% doctoral degrees , and 3.9% Professional degrees. In addition, the university has nine honors programs , eight of which span a variety of academic fields: Liberal Arts Honors, the Business Honors Program, the Turing Scholars Program in Computer Science, Engineering Honors,

2328-420: The 2020–2021 academic year, 79 freshman students were National Merit Scholars . The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) was ranked 32nd among all universities in the U.S. and 9th among public universities according to U.S. News & World Report ' s 2024 rankings. Internationally, UT Austin was tied for 56th in the 2024 "Best Global Universities" ranking by U.S. News & World Report , 45th in

2425-559: The 423.5 acres (171.4 ha) for the Main Campus in central Austin and the J. J. Pickle Research Campus in north Austin and the other properties throughout Texas. The main campus has 150 buildings totaling over 18,000,000 square feet (1,700,000 m ). One of the university's most visible features is the Beaux-Arts Main Building , including a 307-foot (94 m) tower designed by Paul Philippe Cret . Completed in 1937,

2522-905: The Dean's Scholars Program in Natural Sciences, the Health Science Scholars Program in Natural Sciences, the Polymathic Scholars Program in Natural Sciences, and the Undergraduate Nursing Honors Program in School of Nursing. The ninth is the Plan II Honors Program, a rigorous interdisciplinary program that is a major in and of itself. Many Plan II students pursue a second major, often participating in another department's honors program in addition to Plan II. The university also offers programs such as

2619-599: The Internet. The university uses CapMetro to provide bus transportation for students around the campus on the UT Shuttle system and throughout Austin, and UT students, faculty, and staff with an active UT ID card are able to ride public transportation without paying a fare. The university contains eighteen colleges and schools and one academic unit, each listed with its founding date: The University of Texas at Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees. In

2716-479: The Main Building is in the middle of campus. The tower usually appears illuminated in white light in the evening but is lit burnt orange for various special occasions, including athletic victories and academic accomplishments; conversely, it is darkened for solemn occasions. At the top of the tower is a carillon of 56 bells, the largest in Texas. Songs are played on weekdays by student carillonneurs, in addition to

2813-481: The Office of Technology Commercialization, a technology transfer center which serves as the bridge between laboratory research and commercial development. In 2009, the university created nine new start-up companies to commercialize technology developed at the university and has created 46 start-ups in the past seven years. License agreements generated $ 10.9 million in revenue for the university in 2009. In January 2020,

2910-570: The SAT and ACT standardized exams were "a proven differentiator that is in each student's and the University's best interest." On April 2, 2024, the University of Texas at Austin announced additional adjustments in compliance with Senate Bill 17, particularly in response to a letter from March 26, 2024 from Texas State Senator Brandon Creighton , which led to the layoff of approximately 60 individuals, most of whom formerly worked in DEI-related programs, and

3007-475: The United States might wish to annex the area, possibly using force. On April 6, 1830, the Mexican government passed a series of laws restricting immigration from the United States into Texas. The laws also cancelled all unfilled empresario contracts and called for the first enforcement of customs duties. Implementation of the new laws angered colonists in Texas, and in June 1832 a group of armed settlers marched on

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3104-701: The United States, and Latin America. The Perry–Castañeda Library , which houses the central University Libraries operations and the Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection , is at the heart of campus. The Benson Latin American Collection holds the largest collection of Latin American materials among US university libraries, and maintains substantial digital collections. The University of Texas at Austin has an extensive tunnel system that links

3201-563: The University of Texas Austin's Texas Innovation Center was established to provide support for startups. Coahuila y Tejas Coahuila y Tejas , officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila y Tejas ( lit.   ' Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila and Texas ' ), was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution . It had two capitals: first Saltillo (1822–1825) for petition of Miguel Ramos Arizpe, that changing

3298-672: The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities . During World War II , the University of Texas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. Additionally, to facilitate the wartime effort, academic calendars were compressed, allowing for accelerated graduation. After Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Houston, Texas, area teen Marion Ford had been accepted to become one of

3395-418: The boundaries of Spanish Texas but did not include the area around El Paso , which belonged to the state of Chihuahua and the area of Laredo, Texas , which became part of Tamaulipas . Erasmo Seguin , Texas's representative to Congress during the constitutional deliberations, originally advocated for Texas to become a federal territory. He knew that Texas's small population and insufficient resources made

3492-405: The buildings on campus. Constructed c.  1928 under the supervision of UT engineering professor Carl J. Eckhardt Jr., then head of the physical plant, the tunnels have grown along with the campus. They measure approximately six miles in length. The tunnel system is used for communications and utility service. It is closed to the public and guarded by silent alarms . Since the late 1940s,

3589-427: The capital for dispute of political groups, but Monclova recovered primacy because it was the colonial capital since 1689; this action provoked a struggle between the residents of Saltillo and Monclova in 1838–1840, but the political actions of Santa Anna convinced the monclovitas to accept the final change of political powers to Saltillo. In the case of Tejas its territory was organized for administrative purposes, with

3686-444: The children of slaves be freed when they reached fourteen. Any slave introduced into Mexico by purchase or trade would also be freed. Many of the colonists in Texas, however, had already owned slaves and brought them to the new territory when they immigrated from the United States. In 1827, the legislature of Coahuila y Tejas banned the admission of additional slaves into the state and granted freedom at birth to all children born to

3783-454: The closure on April 2, 2024, leading the charter school to be moved to the College of Education . On February 4, 2024, a Palestinian-American student at a pro-Palestinian protest at the campus was stabbed, receiving non-life-threatening injuries. The attacker used a racial slur against the protestors and the attack was investigated as a hate crime. A month later the attacker was indicted by

3880-429: The confirmed arrest of 57 protesters, including a photojournalist for Fox 7 Austin, with several more detained. Charges were then dismissed against 46 protesters the next day, leading to their subsequent release, with the charges against the remaining 11 protesters dropped on April 26, 2024. This decision received sharp backlash, including from general faculty, staff, students, several Democratic legislators for

3977-557: The country federalists revolted, and in May 1835 Santa Anna brutally crushed a revolt in Zacatecas. The federalists, including Agustín Viesca , the governor of Coahuila y Tejas, were afraid that Santa Anna would march against Coahuila after subduing the rebels in Zacatecas , so they disbanded the state legislature on May 21, 1835, and authorized the governor to set up an office in a different part of

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4074-448: The country, there was much disagreement over whether Mexico should be a federal republic or a constitutional monarchy . In 1824, a new constitution restructured the country as a federal republic with nineteen states and four territories. One of the new states was Coahuila y Tejas, which combined the sparsely populated Spanish provinces of Texas and Coahuila . The poorest state in the Mexican federation, Coahuila y Tejas covered

4171-406: The development of the state. Texas was temporarily exempted from the slavery prohibition rule. By 1830, the state was ordered to comply in full with the emancipation law. Many colonists converted their slaves to indentured servants with 99-year terms, a practice which the state also banned in 1832. As the number of Americans living in Texas blossomed, Mexican authorities became apprehensive that

4268-588: The eastern side of the main campus, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum is one of 13 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration . A statue of Martin Luther King Jr. was unveiled on campus in 1999 and subsequently vandalized. By 2004, John Butler, a professor at the McCombs School of Business suggested moving it to Morehouse College ,

4365-498: The elimination of the newly-renamed Division of Campus and Community Engagement. Students, faculty, staff, and outside critics denounced the university's over-compliance with the anti-DEI law, since the university had already been compliant since January 1, 2024. At a UT Austin Faculty Council meeting on April 15, 2024, in response to mounting criticism, President Jay Hartzell stated the additional changes were made in response to

4462-492: The fall 2021 semester, implementing safety protocols like testing requirements and vaccination incentives to ensure a safe return amid the ongoing pandemic. In 2024, after four years of test-optional admissions for undergraduate applications due to the COVID-19 pandemic, standardized testing scores were once again made a mandatory part of admissions, beginning with applications for the fall 2025 semester. Jay Hartzell commented that

4559-605: The first Black attendees. In an interview with a reporter he announced his desire to try-out for the football team. The Ford Crisis would begin and all Black admissions at the time were rescinded until policy could be drawn up. In the fall of 1956, the first Black students entered the university's undergraduate class. Black students were permitted to live in campus dorms, but were barred from campus cafeterias. The University of Texas integrated its facilities and desegregated its dormitories in 1965. UT, which had had an open admissions policy, adopted standardized testing for admissions in

4656-691: The frontier, so many garrisons were composed of convicts or others forcibly recruited. In 1828, Coahuila y Tejas passed legislation authorizing an official state militia. Texas had at least three militia units – at Bexar, Goliad, and in Stephen F. Austin 's colony along the Brazos River . Despite the influx of settlers from the United States after the colonization laws were passed, the majority of settlers within Coahuila y Tejas were either Mexican citizens or Tejanos. Within Texas, however, by 1830 approximately 80% of

4753-461: The garrisons were usually disbanded. The bulk of the rest of the army remained in Mexico City, in large part so its leaders could curry political favor. The government had little money, and troops were often unpaid, with ammunition, guns, and food in short supply. In many cases townspeople were forced to provide food and other supplies to the soldiers. Few men volunteered for military service in

4850-581: The independent Republic of Texas . Coahuila y Tejas was divided into several departments, each of which was governed by a political chief. Departments were further subdivided into municipalities, which were governed by alcaldes , similar to a modern-day mayor . Each municipality also had an elected ayuntamiento , similar to a city council. Originally, all of Texas was included in the Department of Béxar, while Coahuila comprised several departments. After many protests from residents of Texas, in early 1834

4947-690: The largest bank in Texas. In the 1970s, toward the tail end of a lengthy period of expansion and acquisition, Republic acquired the Houston National Bank and held a substantial portfolio of loans to the real estate industry in Texas. In the late 1980s Savings and Loan crisis , Texas in general and Republic's loan portfolio in particular were hit hard by real estate devaluation. In efforts to remain solvent, RepublicBank Corporation in 1987 merged with InterFirst Bank Corporation, also based in Dallas, creating First RepublicBank Corporation. However, First Republic

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5044-684: The legislature appropriated $ 1.35 million for the purchase of land next to the main campus. However, expansion was hampered by the restriction against using state revenues to fund construction of university buildings as set forth in Article 7, Section 14 of the Constitution. With the completion of Santa Rita No. 1 well and the discovery of oil on university-owned lands in 1923, the university added significantly to its Permanent University Fund. The additional income from Permanent University Fund investments allowed for bond issues in 1931 and 1947, which allowed

5141-645: The legislature to address funding for the university along with the Agricultural and Mechanical College (now known as Texas A&M University ). With sufficient funds to finance construction on both campuses, on April 8, 1931, the Forty Second Legislature passed H.B. 368. which dedicated the Agricultural and Mechanical College a 1/3 interest in the Available University Fund, the annual income from Permanent University Fund investments. In 1929,

5238-735: The mandate to establish "The University of Texas" by popular vote. On March 30, 1881, the Texas legislature organized the structure of the university and called for a popular vote to determine its location. Austin was chosen as the site with 30,913 votes, while Galveston was designated for the medical department. On November 17, 1882, the cornerstone of the Old Main building was laid at the original "College Hill" location, and University President Ashbel Smith expressed optimism about Texas's untapped resources. The University of Texas officially opened its doors on September 15, 1883. The old Main Building of

5335-454: The mid-1950s, at least in part as a conscious strategy to minimize the number of Black undergraduates, given that they were no longer able to simply bar their entry after the Brown decision Following growth in enrollment after World War II, the university unveiled an ambitious master plan in 1960 designed for "10 years of growth" that was intended to "boost the University of Texas into the ranks of

5432-423: The middle 50% ranged from 26 to 31. In terms of class rank, 74.4% of enrolled freshmen were in the top 10% of their high school classes and 91.7% ranked in the top quarter. For fall 2019, 53,525 undergraduate students applied, 17,029 undergraduate students were admitted, and 8,170 undergraduate students enrolled in the university full or part time, making the acceptance rate 31.8% and enrollment rate 48% overall. In

5529-606: The military base at Anahuac , and deposed the commander, Juan Davis Bradburn . A second group forced the surrender of another Mexican military commander at the Battle of Velasco . The small rebellion coincided with a revolt led by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna against the centralist policies of Mexican president Anastasio Bustamante . Texans aligned themselves with Santa Anna's federalist policies. Settlers in Texas continued to press for changes in Mexican law. In 1833, they requested separate statehood, going so far as to draft

5626-454: The nation, behind only Georgia Tech . A 2013 College Database study found that UT Austin was 22nd in the nation in terms of increased lifetime earnings by graduates. UT Austin is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity." For the 2014–2015 cycle, the university was awarded over $ 580 million in sponsored projects, and has earned more than 300 patents since 2003. The University of Texas at Austin houses

5723-460: The observation deck in the tower of the Main Building. Armed with multiple firearms, he killed 14 people on campus, 11 from the observation deck and below the clocks on the tower, and three more in the tower, as well as wounding two others inside the observation deck. The massacre ended when Whitman was shot and killed by police after they breached the tower. After the Whitman event, the observation deck

5820-456: The population was from the United States or Europe. In the frontier areas of the state, similar to the rest of the Mexican frontier, there was more ethnic intermarriage than in the interior regions. Although both the federal and state constitutions established the Catholic Church as the official religion, the frontier areas often disobeyed the rule. For the most part, only enough food

5917-422: The region ill-prepared to be an independent state, and that the federal government had an obligation to assist territories. Because Coahuila was more populous than Texas, he feared that in a combined state Coahuila would wield greater power in decision making. The representative from Coahuila, Miguel Ramos Arizpe , was likewise concerned that his region was ill-equipped to become an independent state. Ramos Arizpe

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6014-434: The region was divided into three departments, Béxar, Brazos, and Nacogdoches. At the same time, Texas was granted three representatives to the state legislature from the original two. Laws were set by a state legislature. Ten of the 12 members were elected from Coahuila, with two coming from Texas. Legislators met at the state capital, originally Saltillo, Coahuila , later Monclova, Coahuila . The choice of capital city

6111-483: The region, and First Amendment advocacy groups, including an official statement from the UT Faculty Council Executive Committee denouncing it, in part due to the extreme, chaotic, and violent police response that ensued and alleged violations of First Amendment rights. The university additionally set new rules for protests on campus, such as banning masks and face coverings and instituting

6208-501: The region. Relative to other universities in the state of Texas, UT Austin was second to Rice University in selectivity according to a Business Journal study weighing acceptance rates and the mid-range of the SAT and ACT. The University of Texas at Austin was ranked as the 18th most selective in the South. As a state public university, UT Austin was subject to Texas House Bill 588 , which guaranteed Texas high school seniors graduating in

6305-506: The regulations, each of the garrisons in Texas (at the Alamo Mission in Bexar and at Presidio La Bahia in Goliad) should have 107 soldiers, not including officers. By 1832 there were a combined 70 soldiers with guns (with an additional 70 who had no weapons). The federal government occasionally established other garrisons within Texas, but when the immediate threat was considered to be gone

6402-426: The school 5th among all business schools and first among public business schools for the largest number of alumni who are S&P 500 CEOs. Similarly, a 2005 USA Today report ranked the university as "the number one source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs". A "payback" analysis published by SmartMoney in 2011 comparing graduates' salaries to tuition costs concluded the school was the second-best value of all colleges in

6499-450: The sixth floor, before killing himself. No one else was injured, except for one sprained ankle suffered by a female student fleeing the scene. In early 2020, following a major outbreak of the new coronavirus , the university restricted travel to Wuhan province in China, aligning with the U.S. Department of State's recommendation. By March 17, 2020, then-UT President Gregory L. Fenves announced

6596-492: The southeast, in hopes of using the land to relocate the university's intramural fields, baseball field, tennis courts, and parking lots. On March 6, 1967, the Sixtieth Texas Legislature changed the university's official name from "The University of Texas" to "The University of Texas at Austin" to reflect the growth of the University of Texas System . On August 1, 1966, Texas student Charles Whitman barricaded

6693-463: The state being divided into three districts: Béxar, comprising the area covered by Texas ; Monclova, comprising northern Coahuila ; and Río Grande Saltillo, comprising southern Coahuila. The state remained in existence until the adoption of the 1835 "Constitutional Bases" , whereby the federal republic was converted into a unitary one, and the nation's states ( estados ) were turned into departments ( departamentos ). The State of Coahuila and Texas

6790-514: The state. Viesca was arrested as he traveled to San Antonio. When Viesca escaped and reached Texas, no one recognized him as governor. In October 1835, Santa Anna abolished all state governments, replacing them with administrative divisions from Mexico City. Settlers in Texas revolted the same month, and, at the conclusion of the Texas Revolution in April 1836, Texas had become self-established as

6887-670: The student organization that organized the protests, the Palestine Solidarity Committee. Travis County Attorney Delia Garza stated that the way that the university handled the protests put a strain on the local criminal justice system, specifically reprimanding the sending of protestors to jail for low-level charges. A report later released by the UT Austin Committee of Counsel on Academic Freedom and Responsibility (CCAFR) on July 17, 2024 found that UT Austin administrators violated its own institutional rules in clear disregard of freedom of speech and expression protections. The university's property totals 1,438.5 acres (582.1 ha), comprising

6984-418: The system. The university is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures totaling $ 1.06 billion for the 2023 fiscal year. It joined the Association of American Universities in 1929. The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries, including the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library and the Blanton Museum of Art , and operates various auxiliary research facilities, such as

7081-489: The threats from the Republican -led State Legislature and the University of Texas System Board of Regents, and to restore "confidence" in the university, reacting to changing tides in public opinion towards higher education amongst Republicans. The university's Division of Campus and Community Engagement operated the University of Texas-University Charter School , a charter school system with 23 campuses across Texas, until

7178-525: The time. In 1928 the regulations changed, allowing the state-chartered Republic Trust and Savings Bank to be merged back into the parent company, forming the Republic National Bank and Trust Company. During the next decade Republic acquired North Texas National Bank , and invested in several other Texas banks during the banking crisis of 1933. In 1938 the name changed again back to Republic National Bank of Dallas. By 1948 Republic had grown to become

7275-410: The top 10% of their class admission to any public Texas university. A new state law granting UT Austin (but no other state university) a partial exemption from the top 10% rule, Senate Bill 175, was passed by the 81st Legislature in 2009. It modified this admissions policy by limiting automatically admitted freshmen to 75% of the entering in-state freshman class, starting in 2011. The university will admit

7372-517: The top one percent, the top two percent and so forth until the cap is reached; the university currently admits the top 6 percent. Furthermore, students admitted under Texas House Bill 588 are not guaranteed their choice of college or major, but rather only guaranteed admission to the university as a whole. Many colleges, such as the Cockrell School of Engineering, have secondary requirements that must be met for admission. For others who go through

7469-577: The top state universities in the nation." In 1965, the Texas Legislature granted the university Board of Regents to use eminent domain to purchase additional properties surrounding the original 40 acres (160,000 m ). The university began buying parcels of land to the north, south, and east of the existing campus, particularly in the Blackland neighborhood to the east and the Brackenridge tract to

7566-483: The trade was run by recent immigrants; few Tejanos were involved in exporting or industry. The newcomers may have had increased access to capital markets and to transportation, and may have had closer ties with, or at least a better understanding of, foreign markets. Many inhabitants of the Mexican frontier chafed at rules that limited trade with the United States. As these areas, including Texas, were far from federal – and often state – control, smuggling

7663-582: The traditional application process, selectivity is deemed "more selective" according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and by U.S. News & World Report . For fall 2017, 51,033 applied and 18,620 were accepted (36.5%), and of those accepted, 45.2% enrolled. Among freshman students who enrolled in fall 2017, SAT scores for the middle 50% ranged from 570 to 690 for critical reading and 600–710 for math. ACT composite scores for

7760-431: The twenty-four empresarios , Martín De León settled citizens from within Mexico; the others came primarily from the United States. From the time Mexico became independent from Spain, there was public support for abolishing slavery. Fears of an economic crisis if all of the slaves were simultaneously freed led to a gradual emancipation policy. In 1823, Mexico forbade the sale or purchase of slaves, and required that

7857-465: The university broke ground on the $ 120 million Bill & Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex and Dell Computer Science Hall and the $ 51 million Belo Center for New Media, both of which are now complete. The new LEED gold-certified, 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m ) Student Activity Center (SAC) opened in January 2011, housing study rooms, lounges and food vendors. The SAC was constructed as

7954-489: The university has generated its own electricity. Today its natural gas cogeneration plant has a capacity of 123 MW. The university also operates a TRIGA nuclear reactor at the J. J. Pickle Research Campus . The university continues to expand its facilities on campus. In 2010, the university opened the state-of-the-art Norman Hackerman building (on the site of the former Experimental Sciences Building) housing chemistry and biology research and teaching laboratories. In 2010,

8051-419: The university was built in a Victorian - Gothic style and served as the central point of the campus's 40-acre (16 ha) site, and was used for nearly all purposes. But by the 1930s, discussions arose about the need for new library space, and the Main Building was razed in 1934, despite the objections of many students and faculty. The modern-day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place. In 1916,

8148-534: The university's Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center include one of only 21 remaining complete copies of the Gutenberg Bible and the first permanent photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras , taken by Nicéphore Niépce . The newest museum, the 155,000-square-foot (14,400 m ) Blanton Museum of Art , is the largest university art museum in the United States and hosts approximately 17,000 works from Europe,

8245-585: The university, under the explicit direction of President Hartzell, requested the assistance of the Austin Police Department (APD) and the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) , in coordination with Texas Governor Greg Abbott , in an attempt to quell said protests and an "occupation" of the university, in contrast to free speech on campus laws praised by Abbott and the university in prior years. The deployment of multiple police units led to

8342-508: The university. Also in 2008, Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium was expanded to a seating capacity of 100,119, making it the largest stadium (by capacity) in the state of Texas at the time. On Tuesday, September 28, 2010, a shooting occurred at the Perry–Castañeda Library (PCL) where student Colton Tooley, armed with an AK-47, fired shots on his walk from Guadalupe Street to the library's front entrance. The student ascended to

8439-410: The usual pealing of Westminster Quarters every quarter-hour between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. In 1998, after the installation of security and safety measures, the observation deck reopened to the public indefinitely for weekend tours. The university's seven museums and seventeen libraries hold over nine million volumes, making it the seventh-largest academic library in the country. The holdings of

8536-509: The world by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2024, 52nd worldwide by Times Higher Education World University Rankings (2024), and 66th globally by QS World University Rankings (2024). UT Austin was also ranked 35th in the world by the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) in 2024. The University of Texas at Austin is considered to be a " Public Ivy "—a public university that provides an Ivy League collegiate experience at

8633-457: Was also lucrative, and Texas exported over 5,000 head of cattle in 1834. Lumber was exported in small quantities, primarily to Matamoros. In the mid-1830s, Texas imported approximately $ 630,000 worth of goods. Exports amounted to only about $ 500,000. The trade deficit resulted in a lack of currency in Texas; in a report to his superiors Juan Almonte estimated that only about 10% of transactions within Texas were conducted with specie. Much of

8730-528: Was closed until 1968 and then closed again in 1975 following a series of suicide jumps during the 1970s. In 1999, after installation of security fencing and other safety precautions, the tower observation deck reopened to the public. There is a turtle pond park near the tower dedicated to those affected by the tragedy. The first presidential library on a university campus was dedicated on May 22, 1971, with former President Johnson , Lady Bird Johnson and then-President Richard Nixon in attendance. Constructed on

8827-428: Was controversial; Saltillo was located in the extreme south of the state, more than 300 leagues from the northernmost part of Texas. The federal government recognized that border states required a different military model than other states. In 1826, Coahuila y Tejas and the nearby states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León were placed under a single military commandant general, who was stationed near Laredo . According to

8924-510: Was enough to persuade the Texans to drop their opposition to the merger. The federal government had little money to spare for the military, so settlers were empowered to create their own militias to help control hostile native tribes. The border region of Texas faced frequent raids by Apache and Comanche tribes. In the hopes that an influx of settlers could control the raids, the government liberalized its immigration policies, and settlers from

9021-399: Was grown for use in the area; little was exported. This was partially due to labor shortages and partly due to raids from native tribes. Wild game was abundant, and many families survived by hunting, keeping a few head of livestock, and subsistence farming. Within Texas, the economy depended heavily on the cultivation of cotton. In 1834, Texas exported over 7,000 bales of cotton. Ranching

9118-504: Was rampant. Coahuila did not have a coastline, and thus could not import goods from other countries. From 1823 through 1830, Texas settlers had an exemption on tariffs for some goods. Tariffs could not be collected on other goods because there was no customs house to collect the duties. A customs house was established in Anahuac in 1830, but the soldiers were expelled by settlers in 1832. A similar incident occurred in 1835, again resulting in

9215-444: Was split in two and became the Department of Coahuila and the Department of Texas. Both Coahuila and Texas seceded from Mexico because Antonio López de Santa Anna attempted to collect taxes, end slavery, and centralize the government, and groups of rebels, led primarily by immigrants and slave-owners, were unwilling to obey the laws of the rest of Mexico. Texas eventually became the independent Republic of Texas , which in 1845 became

9312-563: Was unable to weather the downturn. In March, the FDIC pumped $ 1 billion into First Republic and sought a buyer for the ailing bank. While Citicorp and Wells Fargo put in bids, the FDIC ultimately accepted a less costly bid from a far smaller bank from Charlotte, North Carolina , NCNB Corporation . First Republic failed on July 29, 1988; later that day, the FDIC awarded the remains of First Republic to NCNB. The deal doubled NCNB's assets and vaulted it from

9409-443: Was unwilling to join with other nearby states, as Coahuila compared unfavorably to those states in either population or economy and would thus be a weaker partner. To convince the Texans to join forces with Coahuila, Ramos Arizpe wrote to the ayuntamiento in Bexar to warn the political leaders that a territory would lose its ownership of public lands to the federal government. State governments retained ownership of public land. This

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